The race of people regarded now as the first agriculturists are the:

Our region consisting of the Indochinese-Indonesian region is believed to be the center of origin of:

The center of origin of rice (Oryza sativa) is:

Next to rice and corn, the top 5 crops of the Philippines include:

Comparative advantage in agriculture means:

As a science, crop production is very much related to:

The chlorophyll is commonly found in:

Light absorption by the leaf is lowest in:

In the 1930's-1950's, photosynthesis investigation was intensified by:

The Kranz anatomy is found in the leaves of:

C3 plants have:

An RQ value equal to 1 means:

Cell turgidity in plants is maintained thru:

The main path of (movement of) inorganic substances in plants is:

Passive movement of water occurs:

As autotroph, plants:

Growth in plants usually takes place in growth points such as:

The mechanism in which plant growth is governed by some kind of "division of labor" among cells and different plant parts is called:

This phytohormone is also referred to as ripening hormone:

The growth response of plants to the direction of light is called:

The special cells that allow rice plants to adjust to varying levels of O2 in the growth medium are called:

The G in the equation Y = f(G + E + (G x E)) refers to:

An optimum environment for crop growth and development is one that:

The seasonal pattern of atmospheric conditions in a particular place occurring from year to year is called:

Plant microclimate refers to the

Photocybernetic effect refers to the effect of sunlight on:

The effective wavelength for photoperiodism is:

Sciophytes are also known as:

The net effect of the so-called greenhouse effect is:

Most economically important crops are:

It is generally more rainy at:

An area is experiencing absolute drought if there is no rainfall of at least 0.25 mm in:

Based on temperature requirement, rice is a:

High relative humidity can cause:

As a factor in crop production, edaphic factor refers to:

Tillability is difficult in:

The desirable soil texture for crops is:

The desirable soil structure for crops is:

GMO stands for:

The light reaction phase of photosynthesis takes place in the:

The products of the light reaction phase of photosynthesis are:

The process by which ATP is formed when the electron donor is the sensitized PSI rather than the oxidation of H2O in the light reaction phase of photosynthesis is known as:

According to the first Fick's Law of diffusion, the influx of CO2 into the leaf is:

The dark reaction phase (otherwise known as biochemical phase) of photosynthesis has been called as such because it:

Rice is classified as C3 species because its first stable product of photosynthesis is a 3-carbon acid known as:

The photosynthetic potential of a given species is fully expressed when the following environmental factors are optimum:

Photosynthesis is usually low under drought conditions because:

The products of glycolysis in higher forms of plants are:

The Krebs cycle takes place in the:

Assimilates are translocated via the:

The ascent of cell sap from the roots to the leaves of actively transpiring plants is driven largely by:

Transpiration is a very useful process in plants because it is:

Which of the following is/are not part(s) of the pistil?

Which of the following is not considered as a berry?

Which of the following is not considered as a berry?

In the process of seed development the egg apparatus is composed of:

In seed embryogenesis, the zygote which give rise to the embryo is formed by the fusion of:

In a tetrazolium test, viable seeds will stain:

Carbohydrate reserves of seeds will be hydrolyzed finally as:

This type of dormancy is due to one or more unsuitable factors of the environment, which are non-specific in their effect. In seeds, this is equivalent to quiescence.

Plant responses to seasonal variations in the length of day are collectively known as:

Photoreceptor involved in photoperiodism is:

These plants need to be supplied only with inorganic substances since they make their own organic substances:

Reduction in the amount of green pigments in leaf, resulting to yellowing:

The study of how plants absorb, transport and assimilate inorganic ions is called:

Which of the following is not a feature of an essential element?

Which is not an example of a essential micronutrient?

The movement of substances against a concentration or chemical gradient is known as:

Which is not a feature of the Pfr form of the phytochrome:

The natural termination of the functional life of an organ, organism or other life unit which is also regarded as the final phase in plant development:

A type of senescence which is characterized by an annual change in deciduous woody plants in which all the leaves die but the bulk of the stem and root system remain viable:

Phototropism is a growth response to unidirectional light which is probably influenced by a particular growth hormone:

The growth response of plant to touch that is best exemplified by the coiling of tendrils in Cucurbits:

A characteristic response of roots and shoots such that they align themselves parallel to the direction of the gravity:

Leaf senescence like the other types of senescence can be promoted by the application of the growth hormone:

Senescence is an energy-requiring process brought about by metabolic changes, one of which is the destruction of the pigment:

A variation movement caused by daily rhythms of light and dark resulting from changes in the turgor of motor cells in the pulvinus located at the base of each leaf:

The bending or curvature (of an organ) caused by a differential growth when the adaxial or morphological upper side of an organ grows more rapidly than the abaxial or morphological lower side of the organ and is always associated with high ethylene concentration:

The organ movement such that the axis of the organ comes to lie at right angles to the direction of the gravitational field as exhibited by stolons of potato and strawberry:

The over-all shape of plants is determined by:

Domestication of plants led to:

The pattern of assimilate partitioning in plants varies:

A plant showing tolerance mechanism of resistance to water deficit:

The following changes in plants are attributed to domestication except:

Oxygen as one of the products of photosynthesis evolves from:

Agriculture could have been initiated mainly due to chronic food shortage if:

The major products of respiration are the following:

Certain plant organs move when exposed to water stress:

Essential elements in the soil must be:

Both photosynthetic and respiration rates are influenced by:

Nutrient uptake from the soil is affected by:

Native (or inherent) soil nutrients are derived from:

Nitrogen as an essential element is taken up by crops in the following forms:

The sites of the C3 and C4 pathways of CO2 fixation are compartmentalized in the leaves of:

The following are events that led to the development of agriculture except:

Current crop production technologies are considered scientific because:

The relationship between the growth rates of individual parts of an organism is known as:

Plant roll their leaves to:

Net assimilation rate is sometimes referred to as:

Respiration is a necessary evil in plants because:

The ratio of shoot dry weight to root dry weight is known as:

Nutrient availability in the soil is largely dependent on:

Decarboxylation of malate in the leaves of corn takes place in the:

Phenotype refers to the:

Which of the following must exist in order for the plant breeder to select superior plants?

Gene recombinations occur as a result of:

The breeding method which may involve bringing a species or variety into an area and using it without change or additional breeding methods is called:

Inbreeding leads to:

Plant breeding is:

In rice, the best time of the day to conduct emasculation is:

Phenotype is determined by:

The agency involved in approving the release of recommended varieties in the Philippines:

A rice floret has how many anthers?

In the point of view of a seed technologist, a seed has germinated:

A seed is considered alive in the tetrazolium test when the:

Seeds which can be dried to a low moisture level but cannot tolerate low temperature like coffee and papaya are considered:

Which of the following is/are optional requirement/s for favorable seed germination?

The most favorable condition for storing orthodox seeds is:

Hardseededness may be broken by the following methods except:

Among the following desiccants or drying agents, ______ is the most effective, thus a smaller amount is required:

The most suitable substrate for germination test of very small seeds is:

In storing seeds with desiccants, seeds should be placed inside a:

The following pairs of reactant/product and enzyme involved in seed germination are correct except:

Hilly land was converted to crop farming by:

In growing vegetables and flowers in the Cordilleras the fertility of the soil is augmented by:

In the Philippines it is only in Cordillera farms that this perennial temperate crop is commercially grown:

CASE III. The Cagayan Valley is drained by the mighty Cagayan River that has plenty of tributaries. There is also a big irrigation system based on the Magat Dam in Nueva Vizcaya. Cagayan Valley is between Cordillera mountains and Sierra Madre Mountains. The commercial crops are rice, corn, tobacco and fruits. There are also pasture grasses. The area is often visited by typhoon. Based on this case, the natural asset of Cagayan Valley when it comes to commercial crop production is:

CASE III. The Cagayan Valley is drained by the mighty Cagayan River that has plenty of tributaries. There is also a big irrigation system based on the Magat Dam in Nueva Vizcaya. Cagayan Valley is between Cordillera mountains and Sierra Madre Mountains. The commercial crops are rice, corn, tobacco and fruits. There are also pasture grasses. The area is often visited by typhoon. Based on this case, good potential for animal production in Cagayan Valley is due to these crops:

CASE III. The Cagayan Valley is drained by the mighty Cagayan River that has plenty of tributaries. There is also a big irrigation system based on the Magat Dam in Nueva Vizcaya. Cagayan Valley is between Cordillera mountains and Sierra Madre Mountains. The commercial crops are rice, corn, tobacco and fruits. There are also pasture grasses. The area is often visited by typhoon. Based on this case, the ripening of fruits coming from Cagayan Valley for the Metro Manila market is induced by:

CASE III. The Cagayan Valley is drained by the mighty Cagayan River that has plenty of tributaries. There is also a big irrigation system based on the Magat Dam in Nueva Vizcaya. Cagayan Valley is between Cordillera mountains and Sierra Madre Mountains. The commercial crops are rice, corn, tobacco and fruits. There are also pasture grasses. The area is often visited by typhoon. If we are to grow commercially Lakatan and Latundan in Isabela the special practice that is necessary is:

Detasseling corn is a practice that can be recommended to Cagayan corn farmers. It is a measure to control:

CASE IV. The Central Plain of Luzon is generally flat and the principal crops are rice, sugarcane, mango and lowland vegetables. Multiple cropping of rice with vegetables is very feasible. The market for vegetable is nearer than those coming from the Cordillera. If you have relay cropping of some vegetables like tomato, onion, eggplant or okra after rice a necessary practice would be:

CASE IV. The Central Plain of Luzon is generally flat and the principal crops are rice, sugarcane, mango and lowland vegetables. Multiple cropping of rice with vegetables is very feasible. The market for vegetable is nearer than those coming from the Cordillera. Wind breaks in Central Luzon during the dry season will:

CASE IV. The Central Plain of Luzon is generally flat and the principal crops are rice, sugarcane, mango and lowland vegetables. Multiple cropping of rice with vegetables is very feasible. The market for vegetable is nearer than those coming from the Cordillera. The use of excessive pesticides in rice production and vegetable production pollutes the water supply. It could be minimized by:

CASE IV. The Central Plain of Luzon is generally flat and the principal crops are rice, sugarcane, mango and lowland vegetables. Multiple cropping of rice with vegetables is very feasible. The market for vegetable is nearer than those coming from the Cordillera. El nino is a phenomenon that would affect the economy of Central Luzon. Rice production will be reduced because:

Sugarcane in Tarlac, Pampanga, and Pangasinan are grown as:

CASE V. The cropping in Southern Tagalog Region including Mindoro is highly diversified. The high value crops such as flowers, ornamentals, vegetables, fruits, coconut, coffee, black pepper, corn and sugarcane are growing well including root crops and rice. The region as a whole is generally good for crop production because of high population density, fertile soil, and diversified rainfall pattern. Coconut and corn can be made into high value crop by:

CASE V. The cropping in Southern Tagalog Region including Mindoro is highly diversified. The high value crops such as flowers, ornamentals, vegetables, fruits, coconut, coffee, black pepper, corn and sugarcane are growing well including root crops and rice. The region as a whole is generally good for crop production because of high population density, fertile soil, and diversified rainfall pattern. Coffee and black pepper products are classified as durables. The critical postproduction practice is storage because:

CASE V. The cropping in Southern Tagalog Region including Mindoro is highly diversified. The high value crops such as flowers, ornamentals, vegetables, fruits, coconut, coffee, black pepper, corn and sugarcane are growing well including root crops and rice. The region as a whole is generally good for crop production because of high population density, fertile soil, and diversified rainfall pattern. The urbanized Southern Tagalog region is good for:

CASE V. The cropping in Southern Tagalog Region including Mindoro is highly diversified. The high value crops such as flowers, ornamentals, vegetables, fruits, coconut, coffee, black pepper, corn and sugarcane are growing well including root crops and rice. The region as a whole is generally good for crop production because of high population density, fertile soil, and diversified rainfall pattern. Landscaping and plant arts are special aspect of crop production that do not require large land area. This aspect of horticulture increase the value of the plants because of:

CASE V. The cropping in Southern Tagalog Region including Mindoro is highly diversified. The high value crops such as flowers, ornamentals, vegetables, fruits, coconut, coffee, black pepper, corn and sugarcane are growing well including root crops and rice. The region as a whole is generally good for crop production because of high population density, fertile soil, and diversified rainfall pattern. Postharvest handling of cut flowers, vegetables, "buko" coconut, fruits and green "sweet" corn is classified as handling of perishables. The correct practice/technique could be:

CASE V. The cropping in Southern Tagalog Region including Mindoro is highly diversified. The high value crops such as flowers, ornamentals, vegetables, fruits, coconut, coffee, black pepper, corn and sugarcane are growing well including root crops and rice. The region as a whole is generally good for crop production because of high population density, fertile soil, and diversified rainfall pattern. To reduce postharvest loses, the care start with the field practices. Among the practices in the field that would influence most the postharvest quality of produce is:

CASE VI. Bicol region raise abaca, coconut and pili in Catanduanes, Sorsogon and Albay. Camarines Sur raise abaca; rice, citrus and coconut. Camarines Norte raise “Formosa” or “Queen” usually under coconut. Masbate is an island that has cattle ranches and coconut farms. The region is usually visited by typhoon. Hardy perennials are the prevailing commercial crops in Bicol region because of crop–environment adaptation. The most probable reason would be:

CASE VI. Bicol region raise abaca, coconut and pili in Catanduanes, Sorsogon and Albay. Camarines Sur raise abaca; rice, citrus and coconut. Camarines Norte raise “Formosa” or “Queen” usually under coconut. Masbate is an island that has cattle ranches and coconut farms. The region is usually visited by typhoon. Coconut in Bicol was afflicted by cadang-cadang. Because of cadang-cadang there is quarantine on the movement of coconut planting materials. The practice of quarantine is a good to:

CASE VI. Bicol region raise abaca, coconut and pili in Catanduanes, Sorsogon and Albay. Camarines Sur raise abaca; rice, citrus and coconut. Camarines Norte raise “Formosa” or “Queen” usually under coconut. Masbate is an island that has cattle ranches and coconut farms. The region is usually visited by typhoon. Abaca in Bicol is afflicted by virus diseases. There are techniques to mass produce disease-free planting materials like:

CASE VI. Bicol region raise abaca, coconut and pili in Catanduanes, Sorsogon and Albay. Camarines Sur raise abaca; rice, citrus and coconut. Camarines Norte raise “Formosa” or “Queen” usually under coconut. Masbate is an island that has cattle ranches and coconut farms. The region is usually visited by typhoon. Pineapple could be induced to flower anytime of the year. Being a tourist region, pineapple farmers in this province of Bicol would benefit by having year-round income from pineapple if they would practice the use of Ethrel to induce flowering in pineapple:

CASE VII. The Visayan islands of Bohol and Cebu raise corn primarily for food. Samar and Leyte islands raise coconut, abaca, and rice. Negros and Panay produce most of the sugar that are exported. Guimaras and Cebu are famous for mangoes. Piña fibers are only produced in Aklan. All islands have upland areas that are being denuded. One of the farming systems appropriate in the uplands is:

CASE VII. The Visayan islands of Bohol and Cebu raise corn primarily for food. Samar and Leyte islands raise coconut, abaca, and rice. Negros and Panay produce most of the sugar that are exported. Guimaras and Cebu are famous for mangoes. Piña fibers are only produced in Aklan. All islands have upland areas that are being denuded. Agro-industrial integration in island economy such those in the Visayas is good to balance the population growth with job opportunities. The primary processing of “carabao” and “saba” would have value added to the farm products when processed as:

CASE VII. The Visayan islands of Bohol and Cebu raise corn primarily for food. Samar and Leyte islands raise coconut, abaca, and rice. Negros and Panay produce most of the sugar that are exported. Guimaras and Cebu are famous for mangoes. Piña fibers are only produced in Aklan. All islands have upland areas that are being denuded. The fiber industry of abaca and piña are native to the Philippines. Abaca and pineapple for fiber would be more acceptable for improvement through genetic engineering (GMO) because: