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WorksheetsNormality and Abnormality Question Collection
Total questions: 186
Worksheet time: 2hrs 37mins
What does the biopsychosocial model propose about health and illness?
A) Health is determined only by biological processes
B) Health is the result of interactions between biological, psychological, and social factors
C) Illness is purely caused by environmental stressors
D) The mind and body function independently of each other
Who first proposed the biopsychosocial model as an alternative to the biomedical model?
A) Carl Rogers
B) George Engel
C) Sigmund Freud
D) Abraham Maslow
Which of the following best describes a biological factor in the BPS model?
A) Negative thought patterns and coping mechanisms
B) Social isolation and cultural expectations
C) Genetics, brain chemistry, and physical health
D) Financial stress and poor social support
Which of the following is a psychological factor that can affect mental health?
A) Hormone imbalance
B) Low self-esteem and maladaptive thinking
C) Family conflict
D) Cultural stigma
A social factor in the biopsychosocial model could include:
A) Neurochemical imbalance
B) Childhood trauma
C) Access to education and community support
D) Personality traits
The biopsychosocial model is considered more ______ than the biomedical model because it treats psychological and social influences as equally important to
A) Narrow
B) Clinical
C) Holistic
D) Experimental
According to the BPS model, treatment for depression would most likely involve:
A) Only prescribing antidepressant medication
B) Addressing biological, psychological, and social contributors to the disorder
C) Focusing exclusively on cognitive restructuring
D) Ignoring environmental stressors
Which of the following scenarios best demonstrates the BPS approach?
A) A doctor prescribes painkillers without discussing the patient’s stress or lifestyle
C) A psychiatrist focuses only on brain imaging results
D) A teacher refers a student to a counselor without any follow-up
B) A therapist explores how stress, thought patterns, and social relationships affect a client’s anxiety
In the biopsychosocial model, “family expectations and cultural beliefs about mental health” are considered ______ factors.
A) Biological
B) Psychological
C) Social
D) Cognitive
Which of the following statements aligns with the BPS model’s view of human health?
A) Humans are purely biological organisms
B) Mental health is independent of social and cultural influences
C) Biological, psychological, and social dimensions are interdependent and influence one another
D) Illness should be treated without considering the patient’s emotions or environment
Who introduced the concept of flow>
Benjomen sligh
B.F. Skinner
Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi
Sigmund Freud
Flow is best described as:
A feeling of total absorption and focus during an activity
A state of physical exhaustion
A temporary burst of happiness
A lack of motivation
Flow Occurs When:
The challenge is much higher than the person’s skill level
The Challenge and Skill level are in balance
The Challenge and Skill level are in bolonce
The challenge is much lower than the person's skill
The complete opposite of flow is apathy
True
False
During flow, individuals tend to lose the sense of time
True
False
Flow happens when skill and (a) are balanced.
What feeling often follows a flow experience
satisfaction
confusion
fatigue
fear
Which of the following is not a characteristic of flow?
Deep concentration
Loss of self-awareness
Clear goals
Distorted sense of time
Strong self-consciousness
What emotional state occurs when challenge is higher than skill level?
Flow
Boredom
Anxiety
Relaxation
People who frequently experience flow often report higher life satisfaction
true
false
spell flow
(a)
What field is Kelly McGonigal best known for?
Economics
Psychology
Physics
Literature
According to Kelly McGonigal, how does viewing stress as harmful affect your health?
It helps you manage stress more effectively
It strengthens your immune system
It increases the risk of stress-related health problems
It has no effect
Kelly McGonigal suggests that stress can be beneficial if:
You avoid it entirely
You view it as a challenge rather than a threat
You ignore your feelings
You suppress your stress responses
McGonigal emphasizes that one way to reduce the negative impact of stress is:
Isolating yourself from others
Connecting with other people
Exercising only occasionally
Avoiding all stressful situations
Which hormone does Kelly McGonigal highlight as being released during stress and helping you respond to challenges?
Dopamine
Cortisol
Oxytocin
Serotonin
McGonigal’s research suggests that people who help others when stressed:
Increase their own stress levels
Experience less negative impact from stress
Become more isolated
Do not benefit from social support
Kelly McGonigal emphasizes that the way you think about stress can:
Make no difference to your health
Influence whether stress helps or harms you
Only affect your mood, not your body
Be controlled through medication alone
Kelly McGonigal reframes stress as an opportunity to:
Quit challenging tasks
Avoid responsibilities
Connect, grow, and strengthen resilience
Eliminate pressure from life
McGonigal’s work suggests that one of the most important factors in how stress affects health is:
Your genetics alone
Your social connections and attitude toward stress
How much money you have
The time of day stress occurs
McGonigal explains that seeing stress as helpful can change your body’s response by:
Reducing the harmful effects of stress on the heart
Increasing blood pressure dangerously
Making you ignore stress signals
Eliminating adrenaline production
What is the definition of SISU?
A Finnish law outlining how people must interact with one another.
A Finnish concept representing extraordinary determination, resilience, and courage in the face of adversity.
A Finnish concept representing a state of complete calmness.
A Norwegian concept representing extraordinary determination, resilience, and courage in the face of adversity.
Finland has been ranked the happiest country for how many years in a row?
2
10
5
8
Which of these values is most aligned with SISU?
Wealth
Persistence
Power
Comfort
How does Finland’s social system contribute to its happiness rankings?
Finland’s strong welfare system, free education, universal healthcare, and trust in government create social equality and security are key contributors to national happiness.
By focusing mainly on competition and wealth accumulation the people of Finland become richer and have money to participate in more activities.
By limiting access to education and healthcare to promote independence.
By discouraging community support and encouraging self-reliance only. Allowing for residents to learn how to live their own individual lives without the reliance of their peers.
True or False: SISU is about individualism and personal success above community wellbeing.
False
True
What is the work-life balance like in Finland?
They have moved toward an AI led workforce where no longer do the people need to work at all, rather they can spend time on their hobbies.
They work more so that they can function so well as a collective nation.
Its the same as in Australia.
Employers often encourage flexible working hours, telecommuting, ample vacation time.
School is a common topic in Finland life satisfaction, how long are school days in Finland compared to Australia?
They are longer.
They are the exact same.
They are shorter.
Finish the phrase attached to SISU.
When others give up, the Finns..............
Keep going
Stop
Never give up
Work harder
Finland has been ranked the world’s happiest country for several years according to which global report?
Human Development Index
Global Peace Report
World Happiness Report
World Happiness Survey
What everyday Finnish habit is believed to boost happiness and resilience?
Spending hours on social media.
Sauna culture and connection to nature.
Working without breaks.
Avoiding outdoor activities.
What do the four P's in the 4P Factor Model stand for
Predisposing, Precipitating, Perpetuating, Protective
Predictive, Potential, Positive, Protective
Predisposing, Potential, Purpose, Precipitating
Positive, Potential, Precipitating, Perpetuating
Which of the following is an example of a Precipitating risk factor?
Quality Sleep
Regular exercise
Death of a loved one
Family history of Anxiety
What does the 4P Factor Model Describe?
Only risk factors
Patterns of Psychological Abnormality
The four influence on mental health, occurrence or re-occurrence of a mental health disorder
Only protective factors
The Predisposing Risk factors in the 4P model primarily refer to
Events that trigger the onset of a disorder
Long-term factors that increase vulnerability to a disorder
Actions that maintain a disorder
Strengths that reduce the likelyhood of occurrence or re-occurrence of a disorder
Perpetuating factors are best described as
Factors that help someone recover from a disorder
Factors that keep a disorder going or make it worse over time
Factors that cause the initial onset of a disorder
Factors that occur after recovery has been achieved
Protective factors serve to
Increase severity of symptoms
Prevent occurrence or re-occurence of disorders
Trigger the onset of a disorder
Act as warning signs of illness
A person’s genetic makeup is considered a Precipitating factor
True
False
Which of the following could be a protective factor against depression?
Strong social support network
Poor sleep quality
Chronic stress
Genetic vulnerability
The 4P model focuses only on biological factors affecting mental health
True
False
In the 4P model, high workload and poor coping strategies that continue after a depressive episode are examples of
Predisposing factors
Precipitating factors
Perpetuating factors
Protective factors
What do the dimensions of wellness aim to achieve?
The dimensions of wellness aim to make people focus mainly on physical health rather than emotional wellbeing.
The dimensions of wellness aim to achieve a balanced, healthy, and fulfilling life by improving wellbeing in all areas of a person’s life.
They aim to create a standardised checklist to rate how healthy someone is compared to others.
They aim to promote short-term happiness instead of long-term life balance.
How many wellness dimensions are there?
6
7
8
10
The holistic approach on wellness began after WW1 because society’s health needs changed
True
False
It’s about resilience, self-awareness, and keeping a balanced outlook even when life gets messy.
Spiritual Wellness
Social Wellness
Emotional Wellness
Financial Wellness
Keeping your mind active through new ideas, creativity, and critical thinking strengthens your overall wellbeing.
Social Wellness
Intellectual Wellness
Environmental Wellness
Occupational Wellness
It means taking steps to prevent illness, manage stress physically, and build strength and stamina.
Physical Wellness
Emotional Wellness
Environmental Wellness
Financial Wellness
The focus on wellness
draws attention to the fact that health is a resource
for everyday living; emphasizing factors that enhance
our abilities to thrive
False
True
It’s about connection to something bigger than yourself.
Physical Wellness
Occupational Wellness
Social Wellness
Spiritual Wellness
It’s about having balance between career goals, personal growth, and leisure.
Occupational Wellness
Social Wellness
Emotional Wellness
Spiritual Wellness
Why is wellness considered a lifelong process rather than a fixed goal?
Because once you achieve wellness, you stop needing to take care of yourself.
Because wellness requires continuous growth and balance as life circumstances, needs, and challenges change over time.
Because wellness is only measured by how old you are.
Because wellness ends once you’ve learned all eight dimensions.
What are the 6 approaches to abnormality?
Cultural, Functional, Historical, Situational, Preventative, Statistical
Psychological, Functional, Historical, Situational, Medical, Statistical
Sociocultural, Functional, Historical, Situational, Medical and Statistical
Societal, Functional, Historical, Circumstantial, Medical, and Statistical
Which of the following describes the sociocultural approach?
Abnormal thoughts, feelings or behavior are viewed as having an underlying biological cause
What is considered normal and abnormal depends on the period
(or ‘era’)
Thoughts, feelings and
behavior that are viewed as
normal if the individual is able to cope with living
independently (‘function’) in society
Thoughts, feelings and
behavior that are
appropriate or acceptable in
a particular society or culture
Which of the following best describes the functional approach?
Any behavior or characteristic in a large group of
individuals is distributed in a particular way
Within a society or culture, thoughts, feelings and
behavior that may be considered normal in one
situation may be considered abnormal in another
Thoughts, feelings and behavior are viewed as
normal if the individual is able to cope with living
independently in society
An individuals ability to talk and socialize amongst their peers and friends.
The statistical approach is defined as "Any behavior or characteristic in a large group of
individuals is distributed in a particular way"
True
False
The sociocultural approach uses...
Cultural values and beliefs of a particular society to make a
judgement on normality
The context or situation in which the behavior is made to inform a
judgement regarding normality
The physical wellbeing of an individual to make a judgement if their
behavior is normal or not
Small groups of the population to make a judgement if behavior is
normal
"The approach to defining normal behavior can change over
time, so that a behavior that was considered normal 50
years ago may now be considered abnormal. This
is the (a) approach"
Crying at a funeral instead of laughing hysterically is
considered normal behaviour in this context. Which of the
approaches to defining normality is used to reach this
judgement?
Functional
Sociocultural
Historical
Situational
The (a) approach to abnormality suggests that mental illness results from imbalances in brain chemistry, genetics, or damage to the nervous system.
The medical approach to abnormality explains abnormal behavior as the result of physical illness or biological malfunction.
True
False
Which approach defines abnormality as behavior that is rare or significantly different from what is statistically typical in a population?
Historical
Functional
Statistical
Sociocultural
Which of the following best describes “deviance” in the 4 D’s of abnormality?
Behavior that causes personal suffering or upset
Behavior that interferes with daily functioning
Behavior that goes against social norms or expectations
Behavior that poses a risk to oneself or others
“Distress” refers to which of the following?
Behavior that violates the rights of others
Emotional pain or suffering experienced by an individual
Difficulty following social rules
Sudden changes in mood and motivation
A person who can no longer perform basic daily activities, like working or maintaining hygiene, is showing which “D”?
Danger
Deviance
Dysfunction
Distress
Which “D” focuses on whether a person’s behavior could harm themselves or others?
Danger
Distress
Deviance
Dysfunction
A man who enjoys collecting insects is not considered abnormal unless his behavior causes him or others distress. This example shows the importance of which “D”?
Dysfunction
Distress
Deviance
Danger
A woman believes she can communicate with aliens. Her family is concerned, but she feels happy and functions well at work. Which “D” is missing for her behavior to be considered abnormal?
Deviance
Distress
Dysfunction
Danger
Which statement best captures how the 4 D’s are used in psychology?
They are legal definitions of mental illness
They are strict diagnostic criteria
They help professionals judge whether behavior might be psychologically abnormal
They replace the need for DSM-5 diagnosis
A soldier experiences nightmares and flashbacks after combat that disrupt his sleep and relationships. Which two D’s apply most clearly?
Deviance and Danger
Distress and Dysfunction
Danger and Deviance
Dysfunction and Deviance
Why might “deviance” alone not be enough to label behavior as abnormal?
Because all deviant behaviors are harmless
Because social norms change across cultures and time
Because everyone shows deviance occasionally
Because deviance only applies to criminal acts
Which of the following examples best illustrates “danger”?
A student who fails most classes
A person who isolates themselves from friends
A person attempting self-harm or threatening others
A person who has unusual beliefs but no harm occurs
1. According to Sonja Lyubomirsky, approximately what percentage of a person’s happiness is determined by intentional activities?
10%
25%
40%
70%
2. Lyubomirsky’s research suggests that about what percentage of happiness is determined by life circumstances (e.g., wealth, health, status)?
10%
25%
40%
50%
3. What percentage of happiness is believed to be due to genetic factors, according to Lyubomirsky’s model?
10%
40%
50%
70%
4. Which of the following is NOT one of the intentional activities Lyubomirsky recommends to increase happiness?
Practicing gratitude
Helping others
Complaining about problems
Setting personal goals
5. Sonja Lyubomirsky’s “happiness pie chart” illustrates what main idea?
That happiness is mostly due to luck
That happiness depends equally on all life areas
That happiness is influenced by genetics, circumstances, and intentional activities
That happiness cannot be changed
Which of the following best describes Lyubomirsky’s definition of happiness?
A temporary emotional state of pleasure
The experience of frequent positive emotions and an overall sense of life satisfaction
The absence of sadness and anxiety
A personality trait determined entirely by genetics
Which activity has Lyubomirsky’s research shown to consistently increase happiness?
Regularly expressing gratitude
Comparing oneself to others
Ignoring emotions
Seeking constant external rewards
Lyubomirsky’s studies emphasize the importance of:
Focusing only on wealth to achieve happiness
Engaging in positive intentional behaviours
Avoiding social interactions
Suppressing negative emotions
Which book by Sonja Lyubomirsky summarizes her research on happiness and how to increase it?
The How of Happiness
The Art of Happiness
Flourish
Happier Now
According to Lyubomirsky, why do people often fail to sustain happiness gains?
Because happiness is impossible to change
Because they adapt quickly to positive changes (hedonic adaptation)
Because genetics prevent emotional change
Because they don’t experience enough stress
Fight or flight is the biological response of animals to a stressor
True
False
Which of the following can be affected by stress?
What are some positive effects of stress?
What is the main purpose of the fight-or-flight response?
To increase digestion and relaxation
To prepare the body to face or escape a threat
To calm the mind during stressful situations
To slow the heart rate and conserve energy
Which of the following is a potential danger of chronic stress?
Increased focus and motivation
Better sleep quality
Higher risk of heart disease and high blood pressure
Improved immune function
Which of the following best defines stress management?
Using techniques to cope with and reduce stress levels
Ignoring problems until they go away
Trying to avoid all emotional reactions
Taking on more work to build resilience
Short-term stress can sometimes be beneficial because it..
Damages brain cells and weakens memory
Increases alertness and focus
Causes fatigue and loss of motivation
Slows down reaction times
Which hormone is primarily released during stressful situations?
Insulin
Serotonin
Dopamine
Cortisol
What is one negative coping strategy for stress?
Talking to a friend
Going for a walk
Using alcohol or drugs
Practicing mindfulness
When someone experiences too much stress for a long time, what can occur?
Improved performance
Burnout and fatigue
Stronger immune system
Better concentration
Which of the following is not a healthy way to manage stress?
Getting enough sleep
Talking to someone you trust
Exercising regularly
Ignoring the source of stress
What is the Cantril Ladder
A scale used to measure an individual’s level of physical fitness and endurance
A psychological tool that ranks levels of happiness and life satisfaction from worst to best possible life
A model that describes the stages of cognitive development across the human lifespan
A physical tool to help measure and analyse a person's fitness abilities
Who developed the Cantril Ladder?
Abraham Maslow
Carl Jung
Hadley Cantril
Martin Seligman
How many steps does the Cantril Ladder have?
6
7
10
11
In Cantril Ladder, what does the top step represent?
The best possible life
The most successful career
The worst possible life
The least successful career
The Cantril Ladder only asks participants about their present life
True
False
What does the bottom step (0) of the Cantril Ladder represent?
A neutral life
The worst possible life
Life satisfaction at its average level
The best possible life
What is another name for the Cantril Ladder?
The Life Goals Index
The Global Happiness Survey
The Cantril Self-Anchoring Striving Scale
The Social Progress Scale
According to data from the Cantril Ladder, most people around the world rate their future life as:
Worse than their current life
The same as their current life
Impossible to predict
Better than their current life
Which of the following is NOT one of the questions asked in the Cantril Ladder?
On which step do you think you will stand about five years from now?
On which step of the ladder would you say you personally feel you stand at this time?
How satisfied are you with your daily meals and sleep?
What makes the Cantril Ladder unique compared to other well-being measures?
It uses only financial data
It asks people to rate themselves from their own point of view
It’s only used in Australia
It measures physical activity levels as well
Which of the following best defines stigma?
A coping mechanism for stress
A positive label that enhances a persons reputation
A mark of disgrace associated with a particular circumstance, quality or person
A type of self-esteem improvement strategy
According to Erving Goffman, stigma is primarily
a biological reaction to social rejection
A social process that discredits an individual in the eyes of others
A psychological disorder
A form of discrimination in workplaces only
Which type of stigma refers to negative attitudes held by the general public toward a group?
Self-Stigma
Structural Stigma
Public Stigma
Courtesy Stigma
What is Structural Stigma?
Discrimination within laws, policies, or institutions
A persons shame about their illness
Peer rejection within social groups
Media representation of mental health
Self-Stigma occurs when
People reject others with mental illness
Institutions create unfair policies
Individuals internalize society's negative stereotypes
Friends of someone with mental illness face discrimination
Which of the following best describes Courtesy Stigma?
Stigma experienced by professionals who work in mental health
Stigma directed at individuals because of their association with a stigmatized person
Stigma that disappears when someone hides their condition
Stigma experienced by individuals in minority groups
Which strategy is most effective in reducing public stigma?
Avoidance and silence
Increased media coverage of violence and mental illness
Contact-based education that promotes interaction with affected individuals
Isolating people with mental illness from society
The "Its okay not to be okay" campaign primarily aims to
Promote diagnosis of new mental disorders
Encourage silence around mental health
Reduce stigma and normalise help-seeking
Increase fear of mental illness
Which psychological impact is most associated with internalised stigma?
Increased self-efficacy
Lower self-esteem and self-worth
Enhanced motivation to seek help
Improved coping and resilience
What does labelling theory suggest about stigma?
Labels have no real impact on identity
Once labeled as 'mentally ill', individuals may be treated according to stereotypes, shaping their self identity
Stigma only arises in educational settings
Stigma affects physical but not mental health
Engagement, as conceptualised by Seligman, refers to
A) Immersion and absorption in challenging yet enjoyable activities
B) Frequent social interaction with others
C) Setting measurable and realistic personal goals
D) Expressing gratitude and mindfulness
The concept of Meaning in Seligman’s model involves:
A) Acting in accordance with societal expectations
B) Engaging in activities that foster purpose and contribute to something larger than oneself
C) Avoiding challenging or distressing experiences
D) Pursuing constant pleasure and comfort
According to Seligman, which combination of PERMA elements most directly contributes to a sense of “flourishing”?
A) Positive emotion and engagement
B) Engagement, meaning, and achievement
C) Relationships and meaning
D) All five elements working in balance
In Seligman’s PERMA framework, the “P” represents which key component of wellbeing?
A) Productivity
B) Positive Emotion
C) Purpose
D) Personal Growth
Within the PERMA model, the “E” signifies:
A) Energy
B) Empathy
C) Engagement
D) Excitement
The “R” dimension of the PERMA model pertains to:
A) Reflection
B) Relationships
C) Resilience
D) Rewards
In the PERMA model, the “M” stands for:
A) Motivation
B) Meaning
C) Mindfulness
D) Mastery
The “A” in PERMA refers to:
A) Achievement
B) Acceptance
C) Awareness
D) Action
Sophie begins keeping a daily gratitude journal, recording three things she’s thankful for each night. Over time, she notices a significant increase in her overall mood and optimism.
Which PERMA component does Sophie’s behaviour primarily enhance?
A) Engagement
B) Positive Emotion
C) Meaning
D) Achievement
While painting, Marcus becomes so absorbed in his work that he loses track of time and feels deeply focused and energised. This experience best represents which concept within the PERMA model?
A) Meaning
B) Flow, a key aspect of Engagement
C) Achievement through persistence
D) Relationship development
What was the main aim of Rosenhan's study?
To test new treatments for schizophrenia
To investigate the validity of psychiatric diagnoses
To observe patient-staff interactions in psychiatric hospitals
To examine the effects of medication on mental health patients
How many pseudopatients participated in the study?
4
18
8
6
What symptom did all pseudopatients report to gain admission to hospitals?
Hearing voices that said “empty,” “hollow,” and “thud”
Seeing visions of dead people
Feeling extreme anxiety
Having suicidal thoughts
How do the pseudopatients behave one admitted
They continued pretending to be unwell
They became genuinely distressed
They refused to cooperate with hospital staff
They acted normally and reported no further symptoms
What diagnosis did most pseudopatients receive upon admission?
Bipolar disorder
Schizophrenia
Major depressive disorder
Personality disorder
How did hospital staff interpret the pseudopatients’ normal behaviors?
As signs of recovery
As manipulative and hostile acts
As symptoms of their mental illness
As irrelevant to their diagnosis
. What did Rosenhan’s follow up study involve?
Sending real patients to hospitals and asking staff to identify them
Warning a hospital that pseudopatients would be sent, but actually sending none
Using fake medical records to test diagnostic systems
Observing patient treatment outcomes over time
What were the main conclusions of Rosenhan’s study?
Psychiatric hospitals need better funding
It is easy to feign mental illness convincingly
Psychiatric diagnoses are unreliable and influenced by context
Medication is ineffective in treating mental illness
What did the fake patients have to do before they could leave the hospital?
Prove they were healthy by taking a test
Admit they were mentally ill and agree to take medication
Wait for the doctors to realise they were pretending
Escape without being caught
What did Rosenhan’s study show about life inside psychiatric hospitals?
Patients were treated with kindness and respect at all times
Staff spent a lot of time talking with patients
Patients often felt ignored and powerless
The hospitals were clean and well organised
Which of the following best explains abnormal behaviour from a humanistic perspective?
It results from unconscious conflicts and childhood trauma
It is learned through reinforcement and punishment
It stems from a lack of self-actualization and incongruence between self-concept and experience
It is caused by imbalances in brain chemistry
According to the behavioural perspective, which process best explains the development of a phobia?
Cultural expectations
Classical conditioning
Faulty thinking patterns
Genetic predisposition
Which of the following is a key assumption of the cognitive perspective on abnormality?
Mental illness is caused by distorted or irrational thought patterns
Behaviour is shaped by reinforcement histories
Abnormality results from a failure to meet basic needs
Brain structure abnormalities are the root cause of disorders
How would the sociocultural perspective explain higher rates of depression in marginalized communities?
Due to inherited genetic vulnerabilities
As a result of neurotransmitter imbalances
From maladaptive thought processes
Because of societal inequality and discrimination
Which of the following best represents the biomedical approach to treating schizophrenia?
Challenging irrational beliefs through cognitive therapy
Using antipsychotic medication to regulate dopamine levels
Encouraging self-reflection and personal growth
Modifying behaviour through reinforcement
Which treatment approach is most consistent with the behavioural perspective?
Using exposure therapy to reduce maladaptive behaviours
Exploring unconscious conflicts through free association
Identifying and restructuring cognitive distortions
Prescribing selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
Which of the following is a criticism of the biomedical model of abnormality?
It overemphasizes cultural influences
It ignores the role of unconscious desires
It may neglect psychological and social factors in treatment
It focuses too much on self-actualization
A person with OCD is excessively washing their hands. How would a cognitive psychologist interpret this behaviour?
As a learned response to reduce anxiety
As a result of irrational beliefs about contamination
As a symptom of serotonin imbalance
As a culturally reinforced ritual
Which of the following best describes the biopsychosocial model of abnormality?
It integrates biological, psychological, and social factors
It focuses solely on biological causes of mental illness
It emphasizes unconscious motives and early childhood experiences
It views abnormality as a product of cultural norms
Which of the following reflects a sociocultural critique of the DSM-5 diagnostic system?
It overemphasizes neurotransmitter imbalances
It lacks scientific validity
It ignores the role of reinforcement in behaviour
It may reflect Western cultural biases in defining mental illness
Which of the following is not an example of a cause of mental illness from the perspective of the Supernatural theory.
possession by demonic spirits
eclipses
genetic inheritance
displeasure of the gods
Which theory states that brain damage leads to mental illnes
Supernatural Theory
Psychogenic Theory
Somatogenic Theory
Out of the 3 theories in regard to the History of Abnormality, the Psychogenic Theory is the best.
Which 2 of the following are examples of mental illness causes from the Psychogenic perspective
physical illness
learned associations
sin
stressful experience
The Supernatural, Somatogenic, and Psychogenic theories coexist and recycle over time.
What were the humours?
Surgery on the skull to release evil spirits
Group Laughing Session
Balancing body fluids by forcibly vomiting, bleeding or urinating
Isolating the mentally ill person from the rest of society
"Humours" fits under which theory?
Hysterical Theory
Psychogenic Theory
Supernatural Theory
Somatogenic Theory
According to the Somatogenic Theory, Mental Illness is caused by...
Possession by evil spirits, displeasure by gods, eclipses, and sin
Traumatic experiences, maladaptive learned associations, and distorted perceptions
Illness, gentic inheritance, brain damage, and imbalance
What are the 3 Theories of the History of Mental Illness?
Supernatural, Somatogenic, and Psychogenic
Hysterical, Biomedical, and Psychogenic
Supernatural, Hysterical, and Trephination
Humour, Somatogenic, and Isolation
Define Trephination
Patient forced to sleep all day and not participate in creative activities
Surgery on the skull to release evil spirits
Balancing body fluids by forcibly vomiting, bleeding or urinating
Isolating the mentally ill person from the rest of society
Which of the following best defines stress?
A state of physical or psychological tension caused by internal or external demands
A condition that only occurs after trauma
A mental illness caused by poor diet
A positive emotional response to success
The General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) model was proposed by:
Richard Lazarus
Hans Selye
Walter Cannon
Sigmund Freud
According to Selye’s GAS model, what are the three stages of stress?
Appraisal, coping, exhaustion
Cognitive, emotional, behavioural
Fight, flight, freeze
Alarm, resistance, exhaustion
In the alarm stage of the GAS model, what happens in the body?
The body activates its fight-or-flight response
The body’s resistance to stress peaks
The immune system strengthens
The body returns to homeostasis
During the resistance stage, the body:
Completely shuts down
Tries to cope with the ongoing stressor
Has no physical reaction
Immediately returns to normal
What occurs during the exhaustion stage of Selye’s model?
Energy levels and resistance increase
The stressor disappears
The body’s resources are depleted and illness may occur
Stress levels drop but immunity remains strong
The Transactional Model of Stress and Coping was developed by:
Lazarus and Folkman
Skinner and Watson
Piaget and Freud
Maslow and Rogers
In Lazarus and Folkman’s model, the primary appraisal stage involves:
Choosing a coping strategy
Ignoring the stressor
Evaluating whether an event is a threat, challenge, or irrelevant
Restoring emotional balance
The secondary appraisal stage in the Transactional Model refers to:
Evaluating how important the event is
Assessing one’s ability to cope with the stressor
The automatic physiological response to stress
Returning to homeostasis
Which of the following is an example of a problem-focused coping strategy?
Ignoring the situation
Making a plan to solve the problem
Distracting yourself by watching TV
Engaging in relaxation or meditation
How many versions of the DSM has there been?
(a)
What does DSM stand for?
Diagnostic and Statistical Measure of Mental Disorders
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Diagnostic Statutory Measure of Mental Disorders
Diagnostic and Statistical Measure of Mental Dysfunction
The DSM groups psychological problems into (a) based on
similar symptoms in order to help diagnose and treat mental disorders
Why does the DSM have multiple versions?
To incorporate new findings, changes in clinical understanding and update criteria, improving accuracy
Due to old criteria being no longer accepted
To boost book sales
They are updated for popularity, to match new TV shows, and as a form of performance art to critique the very idea of "correctness"
The DSM-5 is used for
Treating anxiety disorders.
Identifying the cause of mental problems.
Classifying psychological disorders.
Distinguishing between biological and environmental causes of disorders.
Why is it hard to diagnose mental illness?
The complexity of the human mind
External pressures on the diagnostician like time constraints and cognitive biases
A lack of objective physiological tests, reliance on subjective symptom reporting and a significant overlap in symptoms between different conditions.
There are no definitive lab tests or brain scans to confirm them.
The DSM-5 can be used to self-diagnose
True
False
When was the most recent DSM edition published?
2013
2018
2022
2024
The major categories of psychological disorders in the DSM are (select all that apply)
addiction disorders
mood disorders
psychotic disorders
personality disorders
anxiety disorders
Which of the following is an example of physical wellbeing?
Getting enough sleep each night
Spending time with friends
Setting career goals
Learning a new hobby
What is one benefit of regular physical exercise?
It increases stress levels
It weakens your immune system
It improves mood and energy levels
It causes dehydration
What does “wellbeing” mainly refer to?
Only physical health
Feeling happy all the time
A balance of physical, mental, and emotional health
Having lots of money
Which habit best supports mental wellbeing?
Ignoring your thoughts
talking about your feelings
Working nonstop
Avoiding new experiences
What is an example of social wellbeing?
Spending time with supportive friends and family
Avoiding social contact
Comparing yourself to others online
