WorksheetsNUR 138 Pharmacology Acid-Controlling Drugs
Total questions: 46
Worksheet time: 46mins
What is the primary function of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach?
Converts pepsinogen to pepsin
Buffers acid
Maintains pH 1-4, aids digestion, and defends against microbes
Protects the mucosa and inhibits acid production
Which substance is responsible for converting pepsinogen into pepsin?
Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
Mucus
Bicarbonate
Prostaglandins
What is the role of mucus in the stomach?
Converts pepsinogen to pepsin
Protects the stomach lining from acid and enzymes
Buffers acid
Needed for vitamin B12 absorption
What is the function of intrinsic factor in the stomach?
Converts pepsinogen to pepsin
Needed for vitamin B12 absorption
Buffers acid
Protects mucosa; inhibits acid production
Which adverse effect is associated with the overuse of antacids containing calcium carbonate?
Diarrhea
Metabolic alkalosis
Hyperacidity
Gastritis
What is the function of prostaglandins in the stomach?
Converts pepsinogen to pepsin
Protects the mucosa and inhibits acid production
Buffers acid
Needed for vitamin B12 absorption
Which condition is commonly found in ICU patients due to ischemia?
GERD
Stress ulcers
Peptic ulcer disease
H. pylori infection
What is the effect of antacids on stomach pH?
Lower pH
Raise pH
No effect on pH
Fluctuate pH
Which cell type secretes pepsinogen in the stomach?
Parietal cells
Chief cells
Mucous cells
Goblet cells
What is the primary indication for the use of antacids?
Diarrhea
Heartburn
Constipation
Vomiting
Which disorder is commonly associated with Helicobacter pylori infection?
GERD
Stress Ulcers
Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)
Barrett’s esophagus
Which adverse effect is associated with antacids containing magnesium?
Constipation
Diarrhea
Metabolic alkalosis
Rebound acid
Which condition is characterized by inflammation caused by acid reflux into the esophagus?
Peptic Ulcer Disease
GERD
Stress Ulcers
H. pylori Infection
Which ingredient in antacids can cause constipation?
Magnesium
Aluminum
Sodium bicarbonate
Calcium
What is the primary function of parietal cells in the stomach?
Secrete mucus
Secrete pepsinogen
Secrete HCl
Convert pepsinogen to pepsin
Which adverse effect is associated with the overuse of calcium-containing antacids?
Diarrhea
Constipation
Metabolic alkalosis
Rebound acid
What is a potential adverse effect of aluminum salts used as antacids?
Diarrhea
Constipation
Nausea
Vomiting
Which type of antacid should be avoided in renal failure due to causing diarrhea?
Calcium salts
Magnesium salts
Sodium bicarbonate
Aluminum salts
What is a common nursing tip for administering antacids?
Give with milk.
Take with meals.
Give 1-2 hours apart from other medications.
Take before bedtime.
Which antacid has a rapid onset but carries a risk of alkalosis?
Calcium salts
Magnesium salts
Sodium bicarbonate
Aluminum salts
Which H2 blocker was withdrawn from the market in 2020?
Famotidine
Cimetidine
Nizatidine
Ranitidine
What is a rare adverse effect of cimetidine?
Thrombocytopenia
Hypertension
Hyperglycemia
Hypotension
What is a potential adverse effect of PPIs related to magnesium levels?
Hypermagnesemia
Hypomagnesemia
Hypercalcemia
Hypocalcemia
Which PPI is known to decrease the absorption of iron, digoxin, and ketoconazole?
Omeprazole
Pantoprazole
Esomeprazole
Lansoprazole
What is a common interaction between PPIs and food?
Increases absorption
Decreases absorption
No effect on absorption
Enhances absorption
What is a potential risk of long-term PPI use?
Increased mucus production
Fracture risk
Constipation
Gas and bloating
What is the primary action of PPIs?
Neutralize existing acid
Block acid secretion (proton pump)
Increase mucus protection
Break up gas bubbles
Which condition is characterized by increased acid production after stopping antacid use?
Hyperacidity
Rebound hyperacidity
GERD
Achlorhydria
What is the primary action of PPIs?
Neutralize existing acid
Block acid secretion (proton pump)
Increase mucus protection
Break up gas bubbles
How does the nurse describe the action of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)?
They form a protective barrier, like a liquid bandage.
They help neutralize acid secretions, thereby promoting gastric mucosal defensive mechanisms.
They irreversibly bind to the hydrogen–potassium–ATPase pump.
They compete with histamine for binding sites on the parietal cells.
A patient with chronic renal failure wants to treat himself with an antacid for occasional heartburn. Which medication is the best choice for this patient?
A magnesium-containing antacid
A calcium-containing antacid
An aluminum-containing antacid
When working with an older patient who has been admitted for a possible GI bleed, which drug does the nurse identify as having the potential to cause confusion and disorientation?
An antacid
A PPI
An H2 antagonist
A mucosal protectant
When teaching a patient about sucralfate (Carafate) therapy, which of the following statements should the nurse include?
“Take sucralfate 1 hour before your other medications.”
“Sucralfate is administered once daily upon waking up.”
“Sucralfate acts systemically to heal gastric ulcers.”
“Sucralfate binds and concentrates epidermal growth factor to promote ulcer healing.”
Simethicone (Mylicon) is often combined with calcium carbonate antacids for what reason?
An increased antacid effect will result when these drugs are given in combination.
Simethicone helps to reduce the gas caused by calcium antacids.
Simethicone reduces diarrhea caused by calcium.
Simethicone improves the taste of the calcium tablets, which must be chewed.
When providing education about PPIs, which statement should the nurse include?
Take the medication along with the first meal of the day.
Take the medication on an empty stomach 30 to 60 minutes before eating.
Take the medication when you have symptoms of heartburn.
Take the medication at bedtime with a snack.
When a patient receives an aluminum-containing antacid, the nurse should inform the patient to watch for possible adverse effects.
Diarrhea
Constipation
Nausea
Abdominal cramping
When reviewing a patient's health history regarding antacid use, the nurse recalls that antacids containing magnesium must be used cautiously in patients with which condition?
Peptic ulcer disease
Renal failure
Hypertension
Heart failure
The nurse reviews the patient's medication orders for an H2 antagonist. If the H2 antagonist is taken along with another drug, which drug may interact with it?
Ibuprofen
Ranitidine
Tetracycline
Ketoconazole
A patient who has been taking cimetidine (Tagamet) for hyperacidity calls the clinic to say that the medication has not been effective. The nurse reviews his history and notes which factors may influence this drug's effectiveness.
He takes cimetidine with meals.
He smokes two packs of cigarettes a day.
He drinks a glass of water with each dose.
He takes an antacid 3 hours after the cimetidine dose.
A patient is taking omeprazole (Prilosec) to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Which statement should the nurse include about this medication in the teaching plan?
“Take this medication once a day after breakfast.”
“You will be on this medication for only 2 weeks to treat the reflux disease.”
“The medication may be dissolved in a liquid for better absorption.”
“The capsule must be whole, not crushed, chewed, or opened.”
The nurse will teach patients that antacids are effective in treating hyperacidity due to which mechanism of action?
Neutralizes gastric acid
Increases stomach motility
Decreases duodenal pH
Decreases gastric pH
Which condition should the nurse monitor for in a patient receiving sodium bicarbonate to treat gastric hyperacidity?
Hypercalcemia
Metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
Hyperkalemia
How does sucralfate achieve its therapeutic effect?
By neutralizing gastric acid
By forming a protective barrier over the gastric mucosa
By enhancing gastric absorption
By inhibiting the production of gastric acid secretion
The nurse should monitor a patient taking an aluminum-containing antacid, such as aluminum hydroxide, for which adverse effect?
Gastrointestinal (GI) upset
Diarrhea
Constipation
Fluid retention
Which instruction should the nurse give to prevent drug interactions?
Take all medications together with food.
Take sucralfate immediately after meals with other medications.
Take sucralfate at least 2 hours before or after other medications.
Take sucralfate only at bedtime to avoid interactions.
Which complication should a nurse monitor for in a patient on long-term proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy?
Hyperkalemia
Iron overload
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Increased gastric acid production
