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Science Unit 2A quiz

Total questions: 94

Worksheet time: 47mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is the main function of DNA?

a)

Provide energy for the cell

b)

Store and transmit genetic information

c)

Control digestion

d)

Regulate body temperature

2.

DNA contains genes that serve as . . .

a)

Enzymes that digest protiens

b)

Blueprints and instructions for making proteins

c)

Ribosomes that carry amino acids

d)

Membranes around the nucleus

3.

Where are genes located?

a)

Mitochondria

b)

Cytoplasm

c)

Certain points on the chromosomes

d)

Ribosomes

4.

What do proteins do in cells?

a)

Carry out all cellular activities

b)

Provide insulation

c)

Store Genetic Information

d)

Form Cell Membranes

5.

What are the two types of nucleic acids

a)

RNA and protein

b)

DNA and RNA

c)

ATP and RNA

d)

DNA and enzyme

6.

What does DNA stand for?

a)

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

b)

Deoxyribose Nitrogen Acid

c)

Double Nucleic Array

d)

Deoxyribonucleic Atom

7.

What does RNA stand for?

a)

Ribonucleic Acid

b)

Ribosomal Nucleotide Array

c)

Ribose Nucleus Atom

d)

Ribonuclear Agent

8.

What are the building blocks (monomers)

a)

Amino acids

b)

Nucleotides

c)

Polypeptides

d)

Lipids

9.

How many parts make up a nucleotide

a)

2

b)

3

c)

4

d)

5

10.

What are the three parts of a nucleotide?

a)

Sugar Phosphate and Nitrogen Base

b)

Ribose, Enzyme, and Protein

c)

Nitrogen, lipid, and amino acid

d)

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

11.

What type of sugar is found in RNA

a)

Ribose

b)

Deoxyribose

c)

Glucose

d)

Sucrose

12.

What type of sugar is found in DNA?

a)
Deoxyribose
b)
Ribose
c)
Glucose
d)
Fructose
13.

In Diagrams, what shape represents the sugar?

a)
Triangle
b)
Hexagon
c)
Square
d)
Pentagon
14.

In diagrams, what shape represents the phosphate?

a)
Rectangle or oval
b)
Triangle or pyramid
c)
Square or cube
d)

Circle or sphere

15.

What are the four nitrogen bases for in DNA

a)
Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, Guanine
b)
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Uracil
c)
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
d)
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine
16.

What base is only found in DNA?

a)
Thymine
b)
Cytosine
c)
Uracil
d)
Adenine
17.

Which base is only found in RNA?

a)
Uracil
b)
Adenine
c)
Cytosine
d)
Thymine
18.

Which bases pair together in DNA?

a)
Cytosine pairs with Thymine, and Adenine pairs with Guanine.
b)
Guanine pairs with Thymine, and Adenine pairs with Cytosine.
c)
Adenine pairs with Cytosine, and Thymine pairs with Guanine.
d)
Adenine pairs with Thymine, and Cytosine pairs with Guanine.
19.

Which bases pair together in RNA

a)
Adenine pairs with Uracil, and Cytosine pairs with Guanine.
b)
Adenine pairs with Thymine, and Cytosine pairs with Uracil.
c)
Guanine pairs with Thymine, and Adenine pairs with Cytosine.
d)
Uracil pairs with Guanine, and Thymine pairs with Cytosine.
20.

What kind of bonds hold nitrogen bases together?

a)
Ionic bonds
b)
Hydrogen bonds
c)
Covalent bonds
d)
Metallic bonds
21.

What forms the "backbone" of DNA

a)
Amino acids and proteins
b)
Nucleotides and bases
c)

Sugar and phosphate

d)
Lipids and carbohydrates
22.

What is the shape of a DNA molecule?

a)

Double Helix

b)

Single Strand

c)

Circular

d)

Intertwined

23.

What are complementary base-pairing rules?

a)

A pairs with B (or U in RNA), and C pairs with G.

b)

Each base bonds only with its matching partner

c)

Bases bind to sugars

d)

Each base bonds randomly

24.

If one DNA strand has the sequence C-T-G-C-T-A, which is the complementary strand

a)
G-A-C-G-A-T
b)
G-T-C-G-T-A
c)
T-A-C-G-A-T
d)
C-G-A-C-G-A
25.

What must a cell do before it divides?

a)
Undergo apoptosis
b)
Activate cellular respiration
c)
Replicate its DNA
d)
Increase its size
26.

What is the process of making a identical copy of DNA called?

a)
DNA replication
b)
DNA duplication
c)
DNA synthesis
d)
DNA transcription
27.

Why does DNA replication occur?

a)
DNA replication occurs to create proteins for energy.
b)
DNA replication occurs to eliminate unnecessary genes.
c)
DNA replication occurs to provide identical copies of DNA for new cells.
d)
DNA replication occurs to repair damaged cells.
28.

What enzyme unzips and unwinds DNA?

a)
ligase
b)
nuclease
c)
helicase
d)
polymerase
29.

What does a helicase do?

a)
A helicase repairs damaged DNA strands.
b)
A helicase transports proteins across membranes.
c)
A helicase synthesizes RNA from DNA.
d)

A helicase unwinds DNA strands.

30.

After unzipping, what happens next in replication?

a)
Proteins are assembled based on the DNA sequence.
b)

Complementary nucleotides are added.

c)
RNA is synthesized from the original DNA template.
d)
DNA strands bind together to form a double helix.
31.

What enzyme adds complementary nucleotides during replication?

a)

RNA Polymerase

b)

Helicase

c)

DNA polymerase

d)

Ligase

32.

What are the base-pairing rules used during replication with DNA?

a)

A-C, T-G

b)

A-T, C-G

c)

A-U, G-C

d)

T-U, C-A

33.

What does DNA polymerase do besides building new strands?

a)

Proofreads for mistakes

b)

Cuts the strand

c)

Changes base order

d)

Forms hydrogen bonds

34.

How common are replication mistakes?

a)

Very frequent

b)

Never occur

c)

Once per nucleotide

d)

Once in every billion base pairs

35.

What is the result of DNA replication?

a)

Two identical DNA molecules

b)

One old and one incomplete molecule

c)

Two RNA molecules

d)

One DNA and one RNA molecule

36.

Each new DNA molecule has?

a)

Two old strands

b)

One old and one new strand

c)

Two new strands

d)

Random Strands

37.

Why is replication called "semiconservative"?

a)

Half the molecule is destroyed

b)

DNA shortens each time

c)

One strand is saved from the original Molecule

d)

It conserves proteins

38.

What does the parent strand act as during replication?

a)

A mutation

b)

A ribosome

c)

A guide or template

d)

A mutation

39.

What is a mutation?

a)

A normal copy of DNA

b)

A change in DNA

c)

A protein molecule

d)

A sugar molecule

40.

What is a point mutation?

a)

A base is replaced with another

b)

A base is deleted

c)

A chromosome breaks

d)

Several genes duplicate

41.

Mutations that affect a single gene usually happen during?

a)
DNA replication
b)
Cell division
c)
Protein synthesis
d)
RNA transcription
42.

What is a frameshift mutation?

a)

A base is swapped

b)

A base is inserted or deleted

c)

A base is unchanged

d)

A codon is replicated

43.

What happens if a mutation occurs in a body cell?

a)

It affects only that cell

b)

It is passed to offspring

c)

It disappears immediately

d)

It improves reproduction

44.

What happens if a mutation occurs in a reproductive cell?

a)
A mutation in a muscle cell can lead to physical changes in the individual.
b)
A mutation in a skin cell can cause immediate health issues for the parent.
c)
A mutation in a reproductive cell can affect offspring, potentially leading to genetic variation, disorders, or evolutionary changes.
d)
A mutation in a nerve cell can enhance cognitive abilities in the offspring.
45.

What is a gene expression?

a)
Gene expression is the method of DNA replication in cells.
b)

Reading a genes instructions to make a protein.

c)
Gene expression refers to the physical structure of a gene.
d)
Gene expression is the process of gene mutation and repair.
46.

Do all cells express all genes

a)

Yes

b)

No, only certain genes are expressed in each cell

c)

All genes are always active

d)

Expression changes randomly

47.

Eye cells not expressing digestion genes is an example of . . .

a)

Mutation

b)

Gene expression

c)

DNA replication

d)

Chromosome Deletion

48.

What bases does RNA contain?

a)

A, T, C, G

b)

A, U, C, G

c)

A, T, G, U

d)

T, U, C, G

49.

What sugar is found in RNA

a)

Deoxyribose

b)

Ribose

c)

Sucrose

d)

Glucose

50.

What is the shape of RNA

a)

Single Strand

b)

Double Helix

c)

Spiral

d)

Circle

51.

RNA bases pair with DNA bases using what rule?

a)

A - U, C - G

b)

A - T, G - U

c)

T - A, G - U

d)

A - C, G - U

52.

What does mRNA stand for?

a)

Messenger RNA

b)

Mutation RNA

c)

Model RNA

d)

Middle RNA

53.

What does mRNA do?

a)
mRNA helps in DNA replication processes.
b)
mRNA is involved in cellular energy production.
c)
mRNA transports amino acids to the ribosome.
d)

mRNA carries instructions from DNA to ribosomes

54.

What does tRNA stand for?

a)
transferred RNA
b)
transcription RNA
c)
template RNA
d)
transfer RNA
55.

What is the functions of tRNA

a)
The function of tRNA is to transport amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis.
b)
tRNA is responsible for transporting glucose to cells.
c)
The role of tRNA is to synthesize ribosomal RNA.
d)
tRNA helps in DNA replication and repair.
56.

What does rRNA stand for?

a)
ribosomal protein
b)
ribosomal DNA
c)
ribosomal enzyme
d)
ribosomal RNA
57.

What is the role of rRNA

a)
rRNA is primarily involved in DNA replication.
b)
The main function of rRNA is to transport amino acids.
c)
rRNA acts as a signal for gene expression regulation.
d)

rRNA forms part of the ribosome and helps bond amino acids.

58.

What is the central dogma of genetics

a)
DNA -> Protein -> RNA
b)
DNA -> RNA -> Protein
c)
Protein -> RNA -> DNA
d)
RNA -> DNA -> Protein
59.

What is the goal of protein synthesis?

a)
To transport nutrients throughout the body.
b)
To create proteins based on genetic information.
c)
To store genetic information in cells.
d)
To break down proteins into amino acids.
60.

Why doesn't DNA leave the nucleus?

a)
DNA leaves the nucleus to be translated into proteins.
b)

DNA is to valuable and could be damaged

c)
DNA exits the nucleus to replicate in the cytoplasm.
d)
DNA is transported out of the nucleus for energy production.
61.

During transcription, what is produced from DNA?

a)

mRNA

b)

tRNA

c)

Proteins

d)

Amino acids.

62.

Where does transcription occur?

a)

Cytoplasm

b)

Nucleus

c)

Mitochondria

d)

Endoplasmic reticulum

63.

Which enzyme unzips and builds the mRNA strand?

a)

RNA polymerase

b)

DNA polymerase

c)

Helicase

d)

Ligase

64.

What happens after mRNA is made?

a)

mRNA leaves the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm

b)
mRNA is immediately degraded after synthesis.
c)
mRNA is converted into DNA before translation.
d)
mRNA is stored in the nucleus indefinitely.
65.

What is translation

a)

Process of making protein from mRNA

b)

Copying DNA into mRNA

c)

Mutating DNA

d)

Splitting chromosomes

66.

Where does translation occur?

a)

Ribosome

b)

Nucleus

c)

Golgi body

d)

Cytosol only

67.

What does each codon on mRNA represent?

a)

Three nucleotides that code for one amino acid.

b)

One nucleotide

c)

An entire gene

d)

A full protein

68.

What does tRNA do during translation?

a)
tRNA degrades unused amino acids after translation.
b)
tRNA transports amino acids to the ribosome and matches them to the mRNA codons during translation.
c)
tRNA synthesizes mRNA from DNA during translation.
d)
tRNA binds to ribosomal RNA to form proteins.
69.

WHat happens when the ribosome reaches a stop codon?

a)
The ribosome adds another amino acid to the chain.
b)

Translation ends and the protein is released

c)
The ribosome pauses and waits for a signal.
d)
The ribosome continues translating the mRNA.
70.

What is the start codon in most mRNA sequences?

a)

AUG

b)

UAA

c)

UGA

d)

UAG

71.

If the DNA sequence is TAC-GCT-AGG what is the complementary mRNA strand?

a)
AUG-CGA-ACC
b)
UAC-CGA-UGG
c)
AUG-GCU-AGG
d)
AUG-CGA-UCC
72.

What is a mutation

a)
A mutation is a form of genetic engineering.
b)
A mutation is a type of protein in the cell.
c)
A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence of an organism.
d)
A mutation is a process of cell division.
73.

Where can mutations occur?

a)
Mutations can occur in proteins and enzymes.
b)

Mutations can occur inn any cell in the body

c)
Mutations can occur in mitochondria and chloroplasts.
d)
Mutations can occur in RNA and lipids.
74.

What are somatic mutations

a)
Somatic mutations are changes in the RNA sequence that occur in somatic cells.
b)
Somatic mutations are inherited changes in the DNA sequence that occur in germline cells.
c)
Somatic mutations are reversible alterations in the DNA sequence that affect all cell types.
d)

Mutations in body cells passed by mitosis

75.

Somatic mutations can lead to what disease

a)
Cancer
b)
Alzheimer's Disease
c)
Diabetes
d)
Heart Disease
76.

What are germline mutations?

a)

Mutations in germline cells that make gametes and can be inherited.

b)
Germline mutations are temporary alterations in RNA.
c)
Germline mutations are environmental changes affecting DNA.
d)
Germline mutations are non-heritable changes in somatic cells.
77.

Germline mutations are passed on through . . .

a)
nerve cells (neurons and glia)
b)
somatic cells (skin and organs)
c)
blood cells (red and white)
d)

Meiosis

78.

What are the three main causes of mutations?

a)
Radiation exposure, dietary choices, and aging processes.
b)
Cell division errors, lifestyle choices, and antibiotic use.
c)

Meiosis, errors in DNA replication, environmental factors

d)
Environmental factors, genetic drift, and chemical exposure.
79.

Mutations caused by meiosis can result in?

a)
Cellular uniformity
b)

New gene combinations

c)
Genetic stability
d)
Chromosomal duplication
80.

Which of the following is a chromosomal mutation?

a)
Deletions, duplications, inversions, and translocations are all examples of chromosomal mutations.
b)
Gene amplifications, deletions, and rearrangements are chromosomal mutations.
c)
Point mutations, frameshifts, and substitutions are chromosomal mutations.
d)
Transposons, SNPs, and copy number variations are chromosomal mutations.
81.

What happens in a duplication mutation?

a)
A segment of DNA is deleted, resulting in a loss of genetic information.
b)
A segment of DNA is inverted, changing its orientation within the chromosome.
c)
A segment of DNA is rearranged, altering its original sequence.
d)
A segment of DNA is copied, resulting in two copies of that segment.
82.

What happens in a translocation mutation

a)
A segment of DNA is moved from one location to another in the genome.
b)
A segment of DNA is inverted in its original position.
c)
A segment of DNA is deleted from the genome entirely.
d)
A segment of DNA is duplicated within the same location.
83.

What is nondisjunction

a)
Nondisjunction is the alignment of chromosomes during metaphase of cell division.
b)
Nondisjunction is the process of chromosome duplication before cell division.
c)

Nondisjunction is the failure of chromosomes to separate during anaphase.

d)
Nondisjunction refers to the separation of sister chromatids during cytokinesis.
84.

What disorder is caused by nondisjunction of chromosome 21?

a)
Turner syndrome
b)
Klinefelter syndrome
c)
Down syndrome
d)
Fragile X syndrome
85.

Mutations caused by DNA replication errors are called.

a)
induced mutations
b)
chromosomal aberrations
c)
transcription errors
d)

Gene mutations

86.

The three types of gene mutations are . . .

a)
frame shifts, duplications, translocations
b)
chromosomal changes, substitutions, inversions
c)
gene amplifications, rearrangements, fusions
d)

substitutions, insertions, deletions

87.

What disease results from a point mutation?

a)
Cystic fibrosis
b)
Sickle cell anemia
c)
Huntington's disease
d)
Hemophilia A
88.

What is a frameshift mutation?

a)
A frameshift mutation is a type of gene that enhances protein synthesis.
b)
A frameshift mutation occurs when a single nucleotide is replaced in the DNA sequence.
c)
A frameshift mutation is a genetic alteration that does not affect the reading frame.
d)
A frameshift mutation is a genetic mutation caused by insertions or deletions of nucleotides that change the reading frame of the gene.
89.

Which example shows deletion from a cell

a)

ATTACC -> ATACC

b)

ATTACC -> ACTTACC

c)

GAG -> GUG

d)

ATC -> GAA

90.

Which example shows insertion?

a)

ATTACC -> ACTTACC

b)

ATTACC -> ATACC

c)

GAG -> GUG

d)

GAT -> GAA

91.

Why are frameshift mutations often more harmful?

a)
Frameshift mutations have no impact on protein function or structure.
b)
Frameshift mutations only affect a single amino acid, causing minor changes.
c)

They affect all codons after the mutation

d)
They are less harmful because they often restore the original sequence.
92.

What is a mutagen?

a)

A mutagen is an environmental agent that causes mutations in DNA.

b)
A mutagen is a protein that repairs damaged DNA.
c)
A mutagen is a chemical that enhances DNA replication.
d)
A mutagen is a type of virus that infects cells.
93.

Which of the following are mutagens?

a)

Radiation, UV light, cigarette smoke, viruses

b)

Water and oxygen

c)

Amino acids

d)

ATP and ADP

94.

Mutations caused by environmental factors can lead to . . .

a)
permanent genetic stability
b)
immediate physiological changes
c)
irreversible cellular damage
d)

Heritable DNA changes

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