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Respiratory System Anatomy and Functions

Total questions: 75

Worksheet time: 45mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Why is the lining of the nasopharynx
different from that of the oropharynx
and the laryngopharynx?

a)

1. Nasopharynx lining is not subjected
to food abrasion.

b)

Nasopharynx lining must withstand
temperature extremes.

c)

Nasopharynx must be protected
from drying out.

d)

4. All of the above.

2.

Regarding the respiratory epithelium , The blanket of
mucus is secreted by

a)

Serous glands

b)

Goblet cells

c)

Ciliated columnar cells

d)

Basement membrane

3.

The cartilage is present in all of the following structures
Except

a)

1. The trachea.

b)

2. The larynx.

c)

3.The nose

d)

4. The bronchioles.

e)

5. The bronchi.

4.

Why are the cartilages that reinforce the
trachea C-shaped?

a)

1. To prevent tracheal crushing.

b)

2. To conform to thoracic cavity shape.

c)

3. To allow room to expand as
swallowed food passes by through
the esophagus .

d)

4. To allow normal cardiac functioning.

5.

What would happen to the alveoli if
surfactant were not produced?

a)

1. The alveoli would contract.

b)

2. The alveoli would collapse.

c)

3. The alveoli would expand.

d)

4. The alveoli would pop.

6.

What is the correct order of structures air passes through
from the nasal cavity to the larynx?

a)

2. Nasal cavity ->nasopharynx ->oropharynx ->laryngopharynx ->larynx

b)

1. Nasal cavity ->oropharynx ->laryngopharynx ->nasopharynx ->larynx

c)

3. Nasal cavity ->nasopharynx ->laryngopharynx ->oropharynx ->larynx

d)

Nasal cavity ->oropharynx ->nasopharynx ->laryngopharynx ->larynx

7.

All of the following structures are lined by stratified
squamous epithelium except

a)

Oropharynx

b)

Vocal cords

c)

Epiglottis

d)

Nasopharynx

e)

Laryngopharynx

8.

In forced respiration

a)

Expiration involves muscle contractions & inspiration is passive

b)

Inspiration and expiration are passive

c)

Inspiration and expiration involves muscle contraction

d)

Inspiration involves muscle contraction & expiration is passive

9.

The respiratory epithelium is:
1. Ciliated squamous epithelium with goblet cells.
2. Simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells.
3. Pseudostratified columnar ciliated with goblet cells.
4. Stratified squamous epithelium with goblet cells.
5. Pseudostratified columnar ciliated.


a)

Ciliated squamous with goblet cells

b)

Simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells.

c)

Pseudostratified columnar ciliated with goblet cells.

d)

Stratified squamous epithelium with goblet cells.

e)

Pseudostratified columnar ciliated.

10.

As we go down the bronchial tree


a)

The cartilage is increased in thickness.

b)

The epithelium is increased in height.

c)

The smooth muscle fibers are decreased in amount.

d)

The cilia become increased in amount.

e)

The elastic fibers are increased in number

11.

What is illustrated with #2?

a)

Bronchi

b)

Bronchioles

c)

Trachea

d)

Alveoli

12.

What is number one?

a)

Bronchi

b)

Alveoli

c)

Trachea

d)

Bronchioles

13.

The lungs are covered with a thin membrane called the

a)

bronchioles

b)

synovial

c)

serous

d)

pleura

14.

What is C pointing to in the diagram?

a)

bronchioles

b)

bronchi

c)

alveoli

d)

trachea

15.

Number 4 is a lung. Which lung is it?

a)

Left

b)

Right

16.

The respiratory portion is included all the following except:

a)

Terminal bronchioles

b)

Respiratory bronchioles .

c)

Alveolar duct.

d)

Alveolar sacs.

e)

Alveoli.

17.

Each bronchiole ventilates -----------
1. Lung Lobe
2. Whole lung
3. Bronchopulmonary segment
4. Pulmonary Lobule


a)

Lung lobe

b)

Whole lung

c)

Bronchopulmonary segment

d)

Pulmonary lobule

18.

Respiratory membrane is composed of

a)

Endothelial layer , pneumocytes type II and Fused basal lamina

b)

Endothelial layer , pneumocytes type I and macrophages.

c)

Endothelial layer , pneumocytes type I and Fused basal lamina

d)

Endothelial layer , pneumocytes type II and macrophages

19.

Gas exchange is the function of --------- while the secretion
of surfactant is the function of ------------- .

a)

macrophages ; Pneumocytes type II

b)

pneumocytes type II ; Pneumocytes type I

c)

pneumocytes type I ; Pneumocytes type II

d)

Pneumocytes type II ; macrophages

20.

During quite expiration the atmospheric pressure outside
is ------- the alveolar pressure inside


a)

>

b)

<

c)

=

21.

Regarding Systemic Gas Exchange, blood arriving in the
arterial end of the systemic capillaries has ------------& -------
than interstitial tissue

a)

1. high PO2 & low PCO2

b)

2. low PO2 & high PCO2

22.

Most of Oxygen in the blood is

a)

bound to albumin in Plasma

b)

dissolved in the blood plasma

c)

bound to hemoglobin in the RBCs

23.

Most of Carbon dioxide in the blood is

a)

Bound to protein portion of hemoglobin in RBCs

b)

Hydrated and converted to carbonic acid in RBCs

c)

dissolved in the blood plasma

24.

The strongest stimulatory effect on pulmonary ventilation
is

a)

Po2 of the blood

b)

Pco2 of the blood

c)

Po2 of the air

d)

Pco2 of the air

25.

The neurons that control the voluntary breathing are
located in

a)

Spinal cord

b)

Medulla oblongata

c)

Hypothalamus

d)

Motor cortex

26.

The neurons that control the unconscious breathing are
located in

a)

Spinal cord and Medulla oblongata

b)

Medulla oblongata and Pons

c)

Medulla oblongata and Hypothalamus

d)

Spinal cord and Pons

27.

Which of the following would slow down gas exchange
between the blood and alveolar air?

a)

An increase in respiratory rate

b)

An increase in membrane surface area

c)

A decrease in membrane surface area

d)

A decrease in membrane thickness

e)

A decrease in nitrogen solubility

28.

Which of the following has no effect on oxyhemoglobin
dissociation curve?

a)

Fever

b)

Erythrocyte count

c)

Thyroid hormone

d)

Epinephrine

e)

Low pH

29.

Low temperature and high pH will shift the oxygen
dissociation curve

a)

To the left

b)

To the right

30.

Which gas exchange method is most efficient?

a)

Parallel flow

b)

Counter-current flow

31.

All of the following favour the dissociation of oxyhaemoglobin to deliver O2 to tissues except –

a)

PO2 = ↑\uparrow

b)

PCO2 = ↑\uparrow or H+ = ↑\uparrow

c)

Temperature = ↑\uparrow

d)

PO2 = ↕\updownarrow

32.

What is the primary site of gas exchange in the lungs?

a)

Trachea

b)

Bronchi

c)

Bronchioles

d)

Alveoli

33.

Place the correct sequence from formation of urine to its elimination from the body
1. Minor calyces
2. Filtration barrier
3. DCT
4. urethra
5. Major calyces
6. Renal pelvis
7. PCT
8. Urinary bladder
9. Collecting ducts
10.Loop of Henle
11.Ureter
12.Renal space

(a)  

34.

Micturition is another term for

a)

the production of nitrogenous wastes.

b)

glomerular filtration.

c)

the countercurrent multiplier process.

d)

inflammation of the urinary bladder.

e)

the elimination of urine.

35.

Renin is secreted from

a)

Proximal convoluted tubular cells

b)

Macula densa

c)

Podocytes

d)

Juxtaglomerular cells

36.

A renal papilla voids urine into the __________.

a)

minor calyx

b)

major calyx

c)

renal medulla

d)

ureter

37.

The production of hypertonic urine (water conservation) is
mainly carried out by:

a)

Collecting duct

b)

Loop of henle

c)

Distal convoluted tubules (DCT)

d)

Proximal convoluted tubules. (PCT)

38.

The ascending limb of loop of Henle is permeable to ------

a)

Water

b)

Salt

c)

Glucose

d)

Vitamins

39.
The correct order for the renal tubules is:
a)
proximal convoluted tubule, collecting duct, distal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle
b)
distal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, proximal convoluted tubule, collecting duct
c)
proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct
d)
collecting duct, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule
40.

Which statement is true?

a)

The efferent arteriole is wider than the afferent arteriole

b)

The afferent artery is wider than the efferent artery

c)

The afferent arteriole is wider than the efferent arteriole

d)

The afferent and efferent arterioles are the same width

41.

Antidiuretic

a)

pertaining to against urination

b)

tumor of the kidney

c)

non feeling

d)

study of bladder

42.

Which of the following regions is NOT found in the renal tubule?

a)

Glomerulus

b)

Bowman's capsule

c)

Loop of Henle

d)

Collecting Duct

43.

The overall purpose of the countercurrent multiplier
system is

a)

1. to produce high osmotic gradient in renal medulla

b)

2. to supply nutrients and oxygen to the renal cortex.

c)

3. to supply nutrients and oxygen to the renal medulla.

d)

4. to remove metabolic wastes from the renal cortex

e)

5. to remove metabolic wastes from the renal medulla.

44.

The Countercurrent Multiplier system is taking place in

a)

. Proximal convoluted tubules.

b)

Distal convoluted tubules.

c)

Loop of Henle.

d)

Collecting Ducts .

e)

Glomerulus

45.

What occurs when the plasma concentration of a
substance exceeds its tubular maximum Tm?

a)

glomerular blood pressure
increases

b)

filtration shuts down

c)

excess is excreted in urine

d)

glomerular osmotic pressure
decreases

46.

Tubular secretion is the movement of waste from the
__________ into the ___________.

a)

glomerulus; renal tubule

b)

glomerulus; blood of the peritubular capillaries/vasa

c)

blood of the peritubular capillaries ; tubular fluid
inside the renal tubule;

d)

. proximal convoluted tubule; distal convoluted tubule

47.

The reabsorption of useful molecules products is carried
out by:

a)

Renal tubules

b)

Renal corpuscles

48.

Regarding filtration, the --------------------- holds back the
blood cells

a)

glomerular capillary endothelial cell.

b)

glomerular basement membrane.

c)

Pedicles of podocytes

d)

filtration slit diaphragm.

49.

Why don’t large plasma
proteins pass into the capsular
space under normal
circumstances?

a)

glomerular capillary endothelial cells hold them

b)

glomerular blood pressure is too low

c)

glomerular blood flow is too slow

d)

glomerular basement membrane holds them

50.

What nephron structures are involved in
filtration?

a)

Glomerular endothelium, basement membrane, and filtration
slit diaphragm of the podocytes

b)

filtration slits of the podocytes, PCT

c)

PCT, lamina densa, descending loop of Henle

d)

glomerular capillaries, PCT

51.

Primary processes of Podocytes give rise to ------- which
are firmly adherent to the glomerular capillary basal
lamina.

a)

Pseudopodia

b)

Pedicles

c)

Cilia

d)

Microvilli

52.

The cells of ------------ are modified into unique cells called
podocytes

a)

Parietal layer of renal capsule

b)

Visceral layer of renal capsule

53.

The processes involved in Urine formation are:

a)

1. Glomerular filtration followed by reabsorption and secretion
followed by water conservation

b)

2. Reabsorption and secretion followed by Filtration followed by
water conservation

54.

Damage to which part of the nephron would
interfere with the control of blood pressure?

a)

juxtaglomerular apparatus

b)

Bowman’s capsule

c)

PCT

d)

loop of Henle

55.

The renal corpuscle is composed of:

a)

1. glomerulus

b)

3. renal capsule

c)

2. collecting tubules

d)

4. Both 1 and 2

e)

5. Both 1 and 3

56.

The medial concavity of the kidney is called the
__________, which admits the renal nerves, blood vessels,
lymphatic vessels, and ureter.

a)

medulla

b)

corpuscle

c)

capsule

d)

hilum

e)

cortex

57.
Starting from the glomerular capsule, the correct order of the renal tubule regions is ________.
a)
proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop (loop of Henle), distal convoluted tubule
b)
distal convoluted tubule, proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop (loop of Henle)
c)
nephron loop (loop of Henle), proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule
d)
proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule, nephron loop (loop of Henle)
58.

Evaluate the potential impact of chronic dehydration on kidney stones formation.

a)

Chronic dehydration has no impact on kidney stone formation.

b)

Chronic dehydration increases the risk of kidney stones by concentrating solutes in urine.

c)

Chronic dehydration decreases the risk of kidney stones by reducing urine output.

d)

Chronic dehydration increases urine pH, reducing stone formation.

59.

How does the kidney respond to a high intake of fluid in terms of urine production, and what mechanisms are involved in this response?

a)

Decreases urine production by increasing ADH secretion

b)

Increases urine production by decreasing ADH secretion

c)

Increases urine production by increasing ADH secretion

d)

Decreases urine production by decreasing ADH secretion

60.

Reabsorption occurs in the

a)

Glomerulus

b)

Loop of Henle

c)

Proximal and distal tubules, and Loop of Henle

d)

Proximal and distal tubules and Glomerulus

61.

Propose a hypothesis on how increasing the length of the nephron's loop of Henle might affect the urine concentration in desert-dwelling animals.

a)

It would decrease urine concentration as more water is reabsorbed

b)

It would increase urine concentration by allowing more time for water reabsorption

c)

It would have no effect on urine concentration but increase urine volume

d)

It would decrease both urine concentration and volume due to faster filtration

62.

Propose a hypothesis on how increasing the length of the nephron's loop of Henle might affect the urine concentration in desert-dwelling animals.

a)

It would decrease urine concentration as more water is reabsorbed

b)

It would increase urine concentration by allowing more time for water reabsorption

c)

It would have no effect on urine concentration but increase urine volume

d)

It would decrease both urine concentration and volume due to faster filtration

63.

Select the correct statement

a)

PCT DCT and loop of henle are responsible for maintaining Ph and ionic balance of the medullary interstium of the kidney

b)

H+ is selectively secreted in the PCT and DCT in order to main the ph of the interstitium

c)

Loop of henle is responsible to maintain high osmolarity of the medullary interstitium

d)

both 2 and 3

64.
What blood vessel surrounds the nephron tubule and allows for the exchange of substances between the filtrate of the tubule and the blood of the circulatory system? 
a)
Peritubular capillaries 
b)
Efferent arteriole 
c)
Afferent arteriole 
d)
Renal artery
65.

Which one of the following is NOT a substance typically reabsorbed by the tubules under normal healthy conditions

a)
Creatinine
b)
Sodium
c)
Glucose
d)
Urea
e)

Amino Acids

66.

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating red blood cell production in the kidneys?

a)

Erythropoietin

b)

Insulin

c)

Thyroxine

d)

Cortisol

67.

How many layers of glomerular epithelium are involved in the filtration of blood?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

68.

The collecting system in the kidney is responsible for:

a)

Active secretion and reabsorption of sodium ions

b)

Absorption of nutrients, plasma proteins, and ions from the filtrate

c)

Filtration of the blood

d)

Making final adjustments to the sodium ion concentration and volume of urine

69.

Amount of air that moves in and out is _______ volume

a)

tidal

b)

vital

c)

residual

d)

total

70.

Amount of air you can force out is _______ volume

a)

tidal

b)

vital

c)

residual

d)

total

71.

Amount of air that always stays in is ______ volume

a)

tidal

b)

vital

c)

residual

d)

total

72.
Given the following structures:
1. larynx
2. nasal cavity
3. pharynx
4. trachea
Which of the following is the correct order that air would flow during inhalation. 
a)
1,2,3,4
b)
2,3,1,4
c)
2,1,3,4
d)
4,2,3,1 
73.
Which 2 substances are exchanged in the Respiratory System?
a)
oxygen and nitrogen
b)
carbon dioxide and oxygen
c)
oxygen and glucose
d)
glucose and carbon dioxide
74.
Two short tubes that carry air into the lungs
a)
Trachea
b)
Bronchioles
c)
Lungs
d)
Bronchi
75.
The trachea...
a)
extends from the nasal cavity to the bronchi
b)
is lined with cilia
c)
lies posterior to the esophagus
d)
is the passageway for food into the stomach

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