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Hypertension: worksheet questions (translated to English)

Total questions: 60

Worksheet time: 30mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is the approximate prevalence of hypertension in the general population?

a)

5–10%

b)

15–20%

c)

30–45%

d)

60–70%

2.

In the year 2000, the number of hypertensive adults was approximately:

a)

100 million

b)

350 million

c)

972 million

d)

1 million

3.

Leading risk factor for premature mortality:

a)

Diabetes

b)

Tobacco use

c)

Arterial hypertension

d)

Sedentarism

4.

Cardiovascular risk doubles with an increase of:

a)

10/5 mmHg

b)

5/3 mmHg

c)

20/10 mmHg

d)

30/15 mmHg

5.

Definition of arterial hypertension:

a)

>=120/80

b)

>=130/85

c)

>=140/90

d)

>=150/100

6.

White-coat hypertension:

a)

High blood pressure in the clinic and normal outside

b)

High outside

c)

Always normal

d)

Only nocturnal

7.

Masked hypertension:

a)

High only in the clinic

b)

Normal outside

c)

Normal in the clinic but high outside

d)

Nocturnal high blood pressure

8.

Resistant hypertension:

a)

Controlled with 1 drug

b)

Controlled with a diuretic

c)

Requires ≥3 drugs including a diuretic

d)

Only nocturnal

9.

Mechanism in essential hypertension:

a)

Higher potassium

b)

Activation of the RAAS

c)

Decreased calcium

d)

Reduced sympathetic activity

10.

Key environmental factor:

a)

Moderate alcohol

b)

Excess salt

c)

High calcium

d)

Drinking water

11.

Renal inability to excrete sodium produces:

a)

Hypovolemia

b)

Hypotension

c)

Increase in blood pressure

d)

Bradycardia

12.

Recommended number of measurements:

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

13.

Correct position:

a)

Standing

b)

Seated without support

c)

Seated with back supported

d)

Lying down

14.

Prior rest:

a)

1 min

b)

2 min

c)

3–5 min

d)

10 min

15.

Avoid before measuring blood pressure:

a)

Coffee or other caffeine within 30 minutes

b)

Smoking within 30 minutes

c)

Vigorous exercise within 30 minutes

d)

Drinking water

16.

Blood pressure should be measured on:

a)

One arm

b)

Dominant arm

c)

Nondominant arm

d)

Both arms

17.

Basic laboratory includes:

a)

Ultrasound

b)

Electrolytes

c)

CT scan

d)

TSH

18.

Risk stratification considers:

a)

Only blood pressure

b)

Only age

c)

Blood pressure plus risk factors, target-organ damage, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease

d)

Only lipids

19.

Which is not asymptomatic target-organ damage:

a)

Left ventricular hypertrophy

b)

Microalbuminuria

c)

Ankle–brachial index < 0.9

d)

Angina

20.

Significant carotid intima–media thickness (IMT) is:

a)

> 0.9 mm

b)

> 0.5 mm

c)

> 1.5 mm

d)

< 0.3 mm

21.

First therapeutic measure:

a)

Beta-blocker

b)

Diuretic

c)

Lifestyle changes

d)

ACE inhibitor

22.

Change that lowers blood pressure the most:

a)

Eat more sweets

b)

Reduce fat

c)

Reduce salt

d)

Drink more water

23.

Recommended drug combination:

a)

ACE inhibitor + ARB

b)

Beta-blocker + beta-blocker

c)

ACE inhibitor + diuretic

d)

Calcium antagonist + calcium antagonist

24.

Combination NOT recommended:

a)

ACE inhibitor + diuretic

b)

ARB + calcium antagonist

c)

ACE inhibitor + ARB

d)

Beta-blocker + diuretic

25.

In diabetes, prefer:

a)

Beta-blocker

b)

ACE inhibitor/ARB

c)

Calcium channel blocker

d)

Nitrates

26.

In left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), prefer:

a)

Statins

b)

Diuretics

c)

ACE inhibitor

d)

Beta-blocker

27.

Procedure for resistant hypertension:

a)

Angiography

b)

Renal denervation

c)

Pacemaker

d)

Coronary stent

28.

Standard blood pressure goal:

a)

150/100

b)

110/70

c)

< 140/90

d)

< 100/60

29.

Goal in frail older adults:

a)

100/60

b)

< 120/80

30.

Smoking in hypertension is:

a)

A diagnosis

b)

A symptom

c)

An additional risk factor

d)

Organ damage

31.

An ankle–brachial index (ABI) less than 0.9 indicates:

a)

Varicose veins

b)

Coronary artery disease

c)

Peripheral arterial disease

d)

Renal artery stenosis

32.

Microalbuminuria is:

a)

5–10 mg

b)

300–500 mg

c)

30–300 mg

d)

More than 500 mg

33.

Left ventricular hypertrophy is evaluated with:

a)

CT scan

b)

Plethysmography

c)

ECG/Echocardiogram

d)

Endoscopy

34.

Retinal damage is characterized by:

a)

Cataract

b)

Hemorrhages/exudates

c)

Diabetic edema

d)

Myopia

35.

A blood pressure of 150/95 in the clinic and normal readings outside suggests:

a)

Resistant hypertension

b)

Masked hypertension

c)

White coat hypertension

d)

Hypotension

36.

An organ not typically affected is:

a)

Kidney

b)

Heart

c)

Retina

d)

Intestine

37.

Not an initial objective is:

a)

Assess cardiovascular risk

b)

Diagnose secondary hypertension

c)

Ensure correct BP measurement

d)

Give triple therapy to everyone

38.

An intervention that lowers blood pressure is:

a)

Fasting

b)

Regular exercise

c)

Stop drinking water

d)

Increase protein intake

39.

A chest X‑ray may show:

a)

Fractures

b)

Pleural effusion

c)

Consolidation

d)

Cardiomegaly

40.

Severe hypertension in a young person suggests:

a)

Essential hypertension

b)

Secondary hypertension

c)

Hypotension

d)

Metabolic syndrome

41.

The first‑line drug is:

a)

Nitrates

b)

Digoxin

c)

ACE inhibitors

d)

Antiarrhythmics

42.

In coronary artery disease, prefer:

a)

Hydralazine

b)

Beta‑blockers

c)

Verapamil

d)

Alpha‑blockers

43.

Contraindicated in bilateral renal artery stenosis is:

a)

Statins

b)

ARBs

c)

ACE inhibitors/ARBs

d)

Beta‑blockers

44.

Common cause of secondary hypertension:

a)

Insomnia

b)

Allergies

c)

Hyperaldosteronism

d)

Mild obesity

45.

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is useful for:

a)

Normal clinic blood pressure

b)

Secondary hypertension

c)

White coat/masked hypertension

d)

Tachycardia

46.

Home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) should be performed:

a)

For 1 day

b)

Only in the morning

c)

Twice daily for 3–7 days

d)

Only in the evening

47.

Cardiac finding attributable to hypertension:

a)

Mitral valve prolapse

b)

Pericardial effusion

c)

Left ventricular hypertrophy

d)

Right atrial dilation

48.

Neurologic manifestation of hypertension:

a)

Migraine

b)

Transient ischemic attack

c)

Polyneuropathy

d)

Neuritis

49.

Monotherapy is indicated in:

a)

Grade 3 hypertension

b)

Target organ damage

c)

Grade 1 hypertension without additional risk

d)

Resistant hypertension

50.

Preferred combination for resistant hypertension:

a)

Two beta‑blockers together

b)

ACE inhibitor plus ARB

c)

ACE inhibitor or ARB plus calcium channel blocker plus diuretic

d)

ACE inhibitor plus nitrate

51.

In heart failure, prefer:

a)

Alpha‑blockers

b)

Digoxin alone

c)

ACE inhibitor and beta‑blocker

d)

Amlodipine alone

52.

In pregnancy:

a)

ACE inhibitor

b)

ARB

c)

Hydralazine

d)

Methyldopa

53.

Lifestyle change that lowers blood pressure:

a)

More coffee intake

b)

More protein intake

c)

Weight loss

d)

More fat intake

54.

Alcohol increases blood pressure by:

a)

Lowering sympathetic activity

b)

Increasing aldosterone

c)

Activating the sympathetic system

d)

Lowering cortisol

55.

Renal marker associated with hypertension:

a)

Hematuria

b)

Bilirubin

c)

Microalbuminuria

d)

Urinary calcium

56.

Revascularization is considered in:

a)

Normal ankle–brachial index

b)

Mild stenosis

c)

Severe renal artery stenosis

d)

Aortic stenosis

57.

Strong non‑pharmacological therapy:

a)

Massage

b)

Qi gong

c)

DASH diet

d)

Increase protein intake

58.

Sokolow–Lyon LVH:

a)

Prolonged QT

b)

Short PR

c)

≥3.5 mV

d)

Narrow QRS

59.

In asymptomatic target-organ damage:

a)

Do not treat

b)

Lifestyle measures only

c)

Pharmacologic therapy

d)

Always use a beta blocker

60.

Interventional therapy for resistant cases:

a)

Angiography

b)

Pacemaker

c)

Renal denervation

d)

Coronary catheterization

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