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Cells Unit Test 25-26

Total questions: 76

Worksheet time: 1hrs 10mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which element is the "element of life," forming the backbone of organic molecules due to its ability to form four covalent bonds?

a)

Oxygen

b)

Nitrogen

c)

Carbon

d)

Hydrogen

2.

Amino acids are the monomers, the building blocks, of:

a)

Carbohydrates

b)

Lipids

c)

Proteins

d)

Nucleic acids

3.

What is the main function of nucleic acids in living organisms?

a)

Store energy

b)

Speed up chemical reactions

c)

Store and transmit genetic information

d)

Provide structural support

4.

What is the process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells?

a)

Photosynthesis

b)

Cellular respiration

c)

Mitosis

d)

Diffusion

5.

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

a)

G1 phase

b)

S phase

c)

G2 phase

d)

M phase

6.

What is the name of the process where the cytoplasm divides, forming two separate cells?

a)

Cytokinesis

b)

Mitosis

c)

Meiosis

d)

Interphase

7.

What is the role of cyclins in the cell cycle?

a)

They provide energy for cell division.

b)

They regulate the timing of the cell cycle.

c)

They form the spindle fibers.

d)

They replicate DNA.

8.

Uncontrolled cell growth can lead to which disease?

a)

Diabetes

b)

Cancer

c)

Influenza

d)

Asthma

9.

What is the first step in cellular respiration?

a)

Krebs cycle

b)

Electron transport chain

c)

Glycolysis

d)

Fermentation

10.

Which organelle is the site of most cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells?

a)

Nucleus

b)

Mitochondria

c)

Ribosome

d)

Chloroplast

11.

What is the main purpose of cellular respiration?

a)

To produce oxygen

b)

To produce glucose

c)

To release energy from food

d)

To absorb sunlight

12.

Which process occurs when oxygen is not present and allows glycolysis to continue?

a)

Photosynthesis

b)

Fermentation

c)

Krebs cycle

d)

Electron transport

13.

Which type of fermentation occurs in muscle cells during rapid exercise?

a)

Alcoholic fermentation

b)

Lactic acid fermentation

c)

Krebs cycle

d)

Glycolysis

14.

What is the ultimate source of energy for most life on Earth?

a)

The Moon

b)

The Sun

c)

Water

d)

Oxygen

15.

Which molecule is the main energy currency of the cell?

a)

DNA

b)

ATP

c)

Glucose

d)

Protein

16.

What is the process by which plants use sunlight to make food?

a)

Cellular respiration

b)

Photosynthesis

c)

Fermentation

d)

Diffusion

17.

Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis?

a)

Mitochondria

b)

Ribosome

c)

Chloroplast

d)

Nucleus

18.

Which statement best describes the cell theory?

a)

All cells have a nucleus.

b)

All living things are made of cells.

c)

Cells are only found in animals.

d)

Cells do not reproduce.

19.

Which structure controls what enters and leaves the cell?

a)

Cell wall

b)

Nucleus

c)

Cell membrane

d)

Ribosome

20.

What is the process by which cells maintain a stable internal environment?

a)

Photosynthesis

b)

Homeostasis

c)

Diffusion

d)

Mitosis

21.

This tough structure, found outside the cell membrane in plants, provides structure:

a)
cell wall
b)
molecule
c)
vacuole
d)
cell membrane
22.
What is the name of the genetic material that is inside the nucleus?
a)
ER
b)
ATP
c)
YOLO
d)
DNA
23.

Which of the following is a characteristic of a Prokaryotic cell?

a)

one-celled organism

b)

linear DNA

c)

large and complex

d)

has a nucleus

24.
Prokaryotic cells include bacteria.
a)
True
b)
False
25.

Which type of cell is pictured?

a)
Prokaryote
b)
Eukaryote
26.
Which of the following is found inside a prokaryote?
a)
cytoplasm
b)
DNA
c)
ribosomes
d)
all of these
27.
Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have a nucleus.
a)
True
b)
False
28.
What kind of cell is this?
a)
Eukaryotic
b)
Prokaryotic
29.
Plants and animal cells are examples of ___ cells 
a)
prokaryotic cells 
b)
eukaryotic cells 
30.

Which organelle breaks down (digests) worn out cell parts, and is mostly found in animal cells?

a)
cytoplasm
b)
lysosomes
c)
mitochondria
d)
vacuoles
31.

What is passive transport?

a)

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration.

b)

A transportation thats not aggressive.

c)

Movement of molecules from low to high concentration.

d)

An active transportation.

32.

What does "isotonic" mean?

a)

When comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration.

b)

When the concentration of two solutions is the same.

c)

When comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes.

d)

The tendency of an organism or cell to regulate the chemical processes that take place internally so as to maintain health and functioning, regardless of outside conditions.

33.

What is active transport?

a)

Movement of molecules from no concentration to high concentration.

b)

Movement of molecules from low to high concentration.

c)

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration.

d)

Movement of proteins within the cell.

34.

Diffusion through a protein channel embedded in the membrane is called:

a)

Osmosis

b)

Facilitated Diffusion

c)

Diffusion

d)

Osmotic Pressure

35.

When materials are expelled from the cell, it is called:

a)

Exocytosis

b)

Diffusion

c)

Lysosomes

d)

Membrane

36.

The "tails" of a phospholipid are:

a)
Hydrophillic
b)
Hydrophobic
37.

The phosphate group "heads" of a phospholipid are:

a)
Hydrophillic
b)
Hydrophobic
38.

In a _______ solution, water moves into the cell from a higher concentration outside the cell to a lower concentration inside the cell, causing the cell to swell.

a)
Hypertonic
b)
Hypotonic
c)
Isotonic
d)
supertonic
39.
A cell is placed in a solution with a salt concentration much higher than the cell cytoplasm.  What will most likely happen to the cell
a)
The cell will burst
b)
The cell will swell
c)
The cell will shrink
d)
The cell will remain unchanged
40.
What process does a multi-cellular organism use to replace its damaged body cells?
a)
mitosis
b)
meiosis
c)
replication
d)
transcription
41.

What phase of mitosis is shown in the picture? Chromosomes have appeared, the nuclear envelope is being broken down, and the centrioles have moved to opposite poles.

a)
Prophase
b)
Anaphase
c)
Telophase
d)
Metaphase
42.

What phase of mitosis is shown in the picture? Unduplicated chromosomes are uncoiling, the nuclear envelopes are forming around two nuclei, and the spindles are disappearing.

a)
Prophase
b)
Anaphase
c)
Telophase
d)
Metaphase
43.

What phase of mitosis is shown in the picture? Unduplicated chromosomes are being pulled away from one another to opposite sides of the cell.

a)
Prophase
b)
Anaphase
c)
Telophase
d)
Metaphase
44.

Chromosomes duplicate, the cell grows and develops during:

a)
Metaphase
b)
Telophase
c)
Interphase
d)
Anaphase
45.

What phase of mitosis is shown in the picture? Duplicated chromosomes are lined up in the middle of the cell.

a)
Prophase
b)
Anaphase
c)
Telophase
d)
Metaphase
46.
How many chromosomes does a human cell have?
a)
42
b)
46
c)
24
d)
64
47.
How many daughter cells are produced in mitosis?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
4
d)
6
48.
Structure B is pointing to the _____. 
a)
chromosome
b)
centromere
c)
DNA
d)
chromatid
49.
Structure C is pointing to one ____. 
a)
sister chromatid
b)
chromosome
c)
centromere
d)
gene
50.
Cancer creates abnormal cells by disrupting
a)
the cell cycle
b)
red blood cell formation
c)
DNA replication
d)
ATP synthesis
51.
An abnormal mass of cancer cells is called a 
a)
tumor
b)
cyst
c)
lesion
d)
polyp
52.
Any substance that is known to cause cancer is called a
a)
carcinogen
b)
nicolyte
c)
pathogen
d)
retrovirus
53.
What is cancer?
a)
The heart does not receive enough blood.
b)
Sudden disruption of blood flow to part of the brain.
c)
Blood filled weak spot.
d)
Uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells.
54.

Explain how the structure of the cell membrane contributes to its function.

a)

The cell membrane is rigid, providing structural support.

b)

The cell membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins, allowing selective permeability.

c)

The cell membrane is made of cellulose, providing a barrier to all substances.

d)

The cell membrane is a single layer of lipids, allowing free passage of all molecules.

55.

Rachel is looking at plant and animal cells under a microscope in her biology class. She notices that one structure is present in the plant cells but not in the animal cells. Which structure is Rachel observing?

a)

Cell membrane

b)

Chloroplast

c)

Mitochondria

d)

N

56.

What is the funciton of a ribosome?

a)

Produce energy

b)

Store genetic information

c)

Packagin proteins

d)

P

57.

Scarlett places a raisin in a cup of water and notices that water moves into the raisin through its skin, which acts as a selectively permeable membrane. Which process describes this movement of water?

a)

Diffusion

b)

Active transport

c)

Osmosis

d)

Endocytosis

58.

David is learning about how plants make their own food using sunlight. Which equation best represents the process of photosynthesis that David is studying?

a)

6CO2 + 6H2O yields

C6H12O6 + 6O2

b)

C6H12O6 + 6O2 yields

6CO2 + 6H2O

59.

Select the area of the chart that represents CELL DIVISION (mitosis and cytokinesis)

A
B
60.

Organelle that links amino acids together to make proteins.

a)

ribosome

b)

endoplasmic reticulum

c)

vacuole

d)

nucleus

61.

Layered stack of flat membrane-enclosed spaces containing enzymes that process, sort, and deliver proteins.

a)

Golgi apparatus

b)

vacuole

c)

cell wall

d)

none of these

62.

Small membrane-bound sac that contains and transports materials within the cytoplasm; for storage.

a)

vesicle

b)

nucleolus

c)

chloroplast

d)

cytoskeleton

63.

Small membrane-bound sac that contains and transports materials within the cytoplasm; for storage.

a)

vesicle

b)

nucleolus

c)

chloroplast

d)

cytoskeleton

64.

Bean-shaped organelle that supplies energy to the cell and has its own ribosomes and DNA.

a)

mitochondria

b)

nucleus

c)

cell wall

d)

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

65.

This organelle is found only in plants; it takes up a lot of space and strengthens cells and helps to support the entire plant.

a)

central vacuole

b)

chloroplast

c)

mitochondroa

d)

nucleus

66.

Organelle composed of many membranes used to convert solar energy into chemical energy; contains chlorophyll and is where photosynthesis occurs.

a)

chloroplast

b)

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

c)

nucleus

d)

vesicle

67.

A double-layer of phospholipids that forms a boundary between the cell and surrounding environment and controls the passage of materials into and out of the cell.

a)

cell membrane

b)

cell wall

c)

cytoplasm

d)

lysosome

68.

An interconnected network of thin, folded membranes that produce, process, and distribute proteins. Is covered in ribosomes.

a)

rough endoplasmic reticulum

b)

cell wall

c)

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

d)

centriole

69.
Which cells are more efficient at obtaining nutrients?
a)
Small Cells
b)
Medium Size Cells
c)
Large Cells
d)
X-Large Cells
70.

Which structures shown in the Figure make up the ATP molecule?

a)
A and B
b)
A, B and C
c)
A, B, C, and D
d)
C and D
71.
What is the function of ATP in living things?
a)
provides energy for cells
b)
stores genetic information
c)
provides structure in the nucleus
72.

How is oxygen used in cellular respiration?

a)

It accepts electrons and protons to form water.

b)

It is an electron carrier.

c)

It drives ATP synthesis.

d)

It reduces NADH + H+ and FADH2.

73.

What are the reactants (taken into) of cellular respiration? (Mark all of them!)

a)

oxygen

b)

glucose

c)

carbon dioxide

d)

water

e)

energy

74.
What three things are needed for a plant to do photosynthesis?
a)
Glucose, Oxygen, Sunlight
b)
CO2, Oxygen, Sunlight
c)
CO2, Water, Sunlight
d)
Oxygen, Water, Sunlight
75.

Match the following:

a)

Carbohydrates

1.

CHO; main sources of energy

b)

Lipids

2.

CHO; store energy, form membranes

c)

Proteins

3.

CHON(S); form structures, enzymes

d)

Nucleic Acids

4.

CHONP; genetic code

76.

Chlorophyll:

a)

Absorbs green light

b)

Reflects green light

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