Font size
WorksheetsWorksheet Questions
Total questions: 99
Worksheet time: 50mins
A 72-year-old patient with urinary frequency and confusion but no fever is most likely experiencing which of the following?
Acute pyelonephritis
Urosepsis
Urinary tract infection with atypical presentation in elderly
Stress urinary incontinence
Which action is most important when caring for a patient with a new indwelling urinary catheter to prevent CAUTI?
Irrigate catheter daily with normal saline
Maintain a closed drainage system and proper hygiene
Empty drainage bag when it is half full only
Disconnect tubing for peri-care twice daily
A patient with diarrhea presents with dry mucous membranes, tachycardia, and decreased skin turgor. The nurse’s priority is:
Administer antidiarrheal medication immediately
Assess serum electrolytes and initiate IV fluids as ordered
Encourage clear liquids only and hold medications
Apply skin barrier cream to prevent breakdown
Which stool characteristic is most consistent with C. difficile infection?
Small, hard stools with pellet consistency
Large-volume, watery stools with foul odor
Black, tarry stools
White, clay-colored stools
A patient on opioids complains of constipation. Which intervention is highest priority?
Administer a stimulant laxative PRN
Encourage fiber and fluids and plan scheduled bowel regimen
Teach Kegel exercises
Order suppository only when impaction occurs
Which finding suggests paralytic ileus rather than mechanical obstruction?
High-pitched bowel sounds above obstruction
Absent bowel sounds with abdominal distention and vomiting
Intermittent cramping pain relieved by flatus
Visible peristaltic waves and localized tenderness
A nurse is teaching bowel training for fecal incontinence. Which instruction is most appropriate?
Delay responding to urge for several hours
Increase daily fiber and establish a timed toileting schedule
Avoid all forms of laxatives forever
Restrict fluids to reduce stool frequency
A patient with acute pyelonephritis would likely present with:
Dysuria and suprapubic pressure only
Flank pain, fever, and malaise
Constipation and abdominal distention
Painless hematuria only
Which medication produces orange-red urine and is used for urinary analgesia?
Phenazopyridine (Pyridium)
Nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin)
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
Tamsulosin (Flomax)
Which teaching point is most important for a patient prescribed tamsulosin (Flomax) for urinary retention due to BPH?
Avoid grapefruit juice
Rise slowly from sitting/lying to prevent orthostatic hypotension
Report blood in stool
Expect orange urine
Which of the following best describes the early neurovascular sign of compartment syndrome?
Increasing pain out of proportion to exam and paresthesia
Pallor and absent pulses as the first sign
Coolness that improves with elevation
Moderate, controllable pain relieved by opioids
After a fracture with a cast, the nurse should instruct the patient to:
Elevate and apply ice continuously for 48 hours to reduce swelling
Report increasing pain, numbness, or inability to move toes/fingers immediately
Remove padding at home to relieve pressure if needed
Perform heavy resistance exercises to maintain muscle tone
A post-op hip fracture patient is at high risk for VTE. Which is an appropriate preventative nursing intervention?
Encourage prolonged bedrest for 7 days
Apply sequential compression devices and encourage ROM/ambulation as ordered
Withhold prophylactic anticoagulants due to bleeding risk in all patients
Have patient perform Valsalva maneuvers frequently
Which clinical manifestation most suggests fat embolism syndrome after a long-bone fracture?
Petechial rash, acute respiratory distress, and confusion
Sharp localized leg pain with calf swelling only
Increasing urine output and brisk capillary refill
Fever and purulent drainage from the wound
A patient with suspected rhabdomyolysis should be monitored primarily for:
Hyperkalemia and acute kidney injury
Hypoglycemia from muscle breakdown
Decreased CK levels
Hyponatremia only
For a patient with osteoarthritis, which daily activity modification is recommended?
Avoid all exercise to prevent further wear
Use heat before activity and rest during flare; maintain low-impact exercise to preserve function
Increase high-impact activities to strengthen joints
Consume high-purine foods to improve cartilage
A patient with rheumatoid arthritis is starting methotrexate. The nurse should teach:
Methotrexate is safe during pregnancy
Expect immediate symptom cure within days
Routine blood monitoring (CBC, LFTs) is required due to toxicity risk
No need to avoid live vaccines while on therapy
Which lab test helps differentiate Crohn’s disease from ulcerative colitis definitively?
Serum amylase
Synovial fluid analysis
Colonoscopy with biopsy showing transmural inflammation and skip lesions (Crohn’s)
H. pylori breath test
A patient with ulcerative colitis has 12 bloody stools per day and tachycardia. The nurse recognizes the patient is at risk for:
Toxic megacolon and requires emergent assessment
Appendicitis only
Hemorrhoids and can be managed outpatient
Chronic constipation
When teaching a patient with Crohn’s disease about nutrition during a flare, the best advice is:
High-fiber, high-residue diet to stimulate peristalsis
High-calorie, high-protein, low-fiber diet; consider supplemental nutrition if needed
Avoid protein to prevent inflammation
Unlimited dairy to calm bowel
Which medication is the first-line acute treatment for gout pain?
Allopurinol daily to lower uric acid immediately
Colchicine or NSAID for acute attack
Methotrexate for inflammation control
Prednisone only for chronic gout
A patient with COPD and chronic steroid use is at increased risk for which GI complication listed in the inflammation slides?
Peptic ulcer disease (stress ulcers)
Hepatitis A infection
Crohn’s disease onset
Cholecystitis only
A 45-year-old with sudden RUQ pain radiating to right shoulder, fever, and jaundice likely has:
Acute pancreatitis
Cholecystitis with possible obstructive jaundice
Hepatitis A only
Peptic ulcer disease
In acute pancreatitis, the nurse should anticipate which immediate order?
Encourage oral intake of fatty meals
NPO, IV hydration, pain control, and possible NG decompression
Begin high-dose steroids immediately
Apply ice to abdomen and give antacids PO
Which lab is most specific to pancreatitis diagnosis?
ALT only
Serum amylase and lipase elevations (especially lipase)
Serum glucose alone
Complete urinalysis
A patient with hepatitis A acquired by fecal-oral transmission most likely needs:
Long-term antiviral therapy
Supportive care and prevention education; vaccine prevents A if given before exposure
Immediate interferon therapy
Lifelong isolation
A nurse teaching about H. pylori-related peptic ulcer disease should include which point?
Triple therapy (two antibiotics + PPI) is commonly used to eradicate H. pylori
H. pylori is always viral and self-resolves without treatment
Antacids alone will cure infection
Avoid endoscopy for diagnosis
Which finding indicates GI bleeding from a peptic ulcer?
Hematemesis or coffee-ground emesis; melena; orthostatic hypotension and tachycardia
Steady high blood pressure only
Increased bowel sounds and flatulence
White, chalky stools
A patient after cholecystectomy complains of severe RUQ pain, fever, and elevated bilirubin — the nurse suspects:
Postoperative pneumonia only
Retained common bile duct stone or complication such as bile leak or obstruction — notify provider
New onset pancreatitis unrelated to surgery
Migraine
An ileostomy stoma should appear:
Dusky blue and dry permanently
Pink/red and moist; report pale, purple, or black stoma immediately
Gray and flat as normal
Covered with a hard scab
A patient with IBS (irritable bowel syndrome) should be advised:
That IBS is the same as IBD and leads to colon cancer
Use a symptom diary, identify triggers, and manage stress; meds for symptom control as needed
Always avoid all carbohydrates forever
Immediate surgery is the cure
When performing a rectal exam for suspected fecal impaction, the nurse should first:
Insert stool softener without assessment
Assess methods, pain level, and perform digital exam per protocol with privacy and lubrication
Manually remove impaction without consent
Always insert an enema first without assessment
Which medication class is commonly used to treat overactive bladder (urge incontinence)?
Anticholinergics (oxybutynin) or beta-3 agonists (mirabegron)
Alpha-blockers only
Insulin injections
Antibiotics
A patient with acute urinary retention becomes hypertensive and bradycardic after bladder distention — this could indicate:
Benign prostatic hyperplasia only
Autonomic dysreflexia (in spinal cord injury pts) or cardiovascular reflex; treat promptly
Normal response to retention
Hypovolemia
Which is an appropriate nursing action to reduce skin breakdown around a stoma?
Change pouching only once a week regardless of leak
Keep skin clean and dry; use appropriate pouching and barrier products; address leaks immediately
Use alcohol to clean the peristomal skin daily
Apply petroleum to the stoma
A patient with Parkinson’s disease is taking carbidopa/levodopa. A teaching point is:
Medication eliminates all symptoms permanently
Expect improved mobility but monitor for dyskinesias and avoid high-protein meals interfering with absorption
Stop the med if constipation occurs
It causes immediate muscle strengthening
For patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), which intervention helps reduce secondary complications?
Avoid all vaccines and any infection prevention
Promote physical therapy, mobility aids, bladder/bowel management, and infection prevention
Encourage high-impact exercise exclusively
Prescribe high-dose NSAIDs daily
A patient has an amputation and is experiencing phantom limb pain. Best initial nursing approach:
Tell them it’s not real and will go away without treatment
Assess pain, provide analgesia, and use nonpharmacologic strategies (mirror therapy, TENS) and refer for rehab
Prescribe high-dose antibiotics
Ignore the complaint to avoid reinforcing it
Which is the earliest lab change expected with rhabdomyolysis?
Decreased potassium
Markedly increased creatine kinase (CK) and possible hyperkalemia/myoglobinuria
Low creatinine kinase only
Hypovolemia without CK change
A patient with an open fracture is at highest immediate risk for:
Loss of hair
Infection and contamination of the wound — requires prompt cleansing and antibiotics as ordered
Diabetes mellitus onset
Immediate bone healing without intervention
When a patient has a suspected fracture, the first nursing action is:
Move the limb to a neutral position regardless of pain
Immobilize the limb, neurovascular checks distal to injury, and plan analgesia as ordered
Apply heat directly to fracture site
Encourage weight bearing to test stability
A patient with a cast reports a “musty” odor and increasing pain. The nurse should:
Reassure the patient odors are normal with cast
Assess for infection, drainage, increased swelling; notify provider — may need cast removal
Suggest perfuming the cast to mask odor
Soak cast in warm water
Which sign indicates impending shock from GI bleed?
Bradycardia and stable BP
Tachycardia, hypotension, orthostatic changes, cool clammy skin, altered mentation
Elevated urine output and pink urine
Improved skin turgor
For a patient with diverticulitis, recommended acute-phase management includes:
High-fiber, high-residue diet during acute inflammation
NPO or low-residue, antibiotics, analgesia, and possible surgery if complications occur
Immediate colonoscopy during flare without bowel prep
Laxative use to hasten bowel movements
Which patient is at greatest risk for pressure ulcer development after hip fracture?
Active young athlete
Immobilized elderly patient with poor nutrition and incontinence — requires frequent skin care and repositioning
Patient with no comorbidities and rapid mobilization
Patient who ambulates independently postoperatively
A patient with suspected deep vein thrombosis (DVT) should have which intervention delayed until diagnosis?
Apply SCDs and encourage early ambulation
Apply warm compresses and prepare for ultrasound; do NOT massage the leg (risk of embolization)
Ambulate vigorously immediately to dissolve clot
Start anticoagulants only after massaging leg
A patient on warfarin develops tea-colored urine and mucosal bleeding. The nurse recognizes:
Therapeutic anticoagulation without concern
Signs of bleeding — assess INR and notify provider; may require reversal
Normal side effect of all antihypertensive meds
Indication to increase warfarin dose
The nurse explains that osteomyelitis risk after fracture is highest when:
The fracture is closed and treated fast
The fracture is open/compound or there is contamination at injury — risk of bone infection
Only when patient is older than 80
Osteomyelitis is impossible after fractures
A patient with Parkinson’s has dysphagia. The nurse should instruct:
Eat thin liquids quickly and lie flat after meals
Provide small, frequent, easy-to-swallow meals; supervise during eating to prevent aspiration
Rely on high-fat solid meals only
Avoid speech/occupational therapy
Which symptom is most typical of Guillain–Barré syndrome (mentioned under mobility neuro topics)?
Sudden ascending weakness after recent infection; monitor respiratory status and autonomic instability
Chronic unilateral tremor improving with rest
Memory loss as primary symptom
Alopecia
A patient with suspected C. difficile should have which contact precautions?
Standard precautions only
Contact precautions with soap and water handwashing (alcohol less effective vs spores) and dedicated equipment
Airborne precautions with N95 only
No special precautions needed
A postoperative patient with low urine output and muscle pain after trauma likely has:
Normal post-op course
Rhabdomyolysis — assess CK, myoglobin, electrolytes, and monitor urine; aggressive IV fluids to protect kidneys
Early hepatic failure
Migraine
Which assessment suggests developing peritonitis from a perforated ulcer?
Mild tenderness improved by movement
Rigid, board-like abdomen, absent bowel sounds, severe pain, fever — emergent surgical evaluation
Increased appetite and flatulence
Soft, non-tender abdomen
When teaching Kegel exercises for stress incontinence, the nurse should instruct:
Tighten abdominal muscles only
Contract pelvic floor muscles (as if stopping urine), hold and release repeatedly throughout day
No effect on incontinence; recommend surgery only
Only perform once per month
A patient has a large ileostomy producing liquid output. Nursing priority includes:
Limit fluids to reduce output
Monitor fluid/electrolytes, provide hydration, teach pouch care and skin protection
Instruct to use OTC antidiarrheals only without provider input
Encourage high-residue diet to thicken stool immediately
A 28-year-old with Crohn’s disease develops a draining sinus tract (fistula). Best probable next step:
Ignore; fistulas always close spontaneously
Assess for infection, control sepsis, and collaborate for medical/surgical management as needed
Start high-dose NSAIDs at home
Order immediate colonoscopy without stabilization
For a patient on infliximab (Remicade), the nurse should teach:
No infection risk; no monitoring needed
Increased risk of infections and TB screening prior to therapy; monitor for infusion reactions and immunosuppression consequences
It cures IBD in one dose permanently
Avoid hand hygiene while on therapy
A patient with pancreatitis complains of worse pain when eating. The nurse will:
Encourage high-fat nourishment to soothe pancreas
Maintain NPO status, provide IV fluids and pain control, and evaluate for complications
Give oral antacids and send home
Encourage heavy exercise to reduce pain
The best test to confirm hepatitis B infection is:
ALT alone
HBsAg (Hepatitis B surface antigen) positive indicates current infection
Anti-HAV IgG only
HCV viral load
A patient with peptic ulcer perforation will most likely exhibit:
Slow, mild epigastric discomfort only
Sudden severe abdominal pain, rigid abdomen, hypotension — immediate surgery required
Gradual weight gain and constipation
No signs on abdominal exam
Which of the following is a priority when caring for a patient with toxic megacolon (complication of IBD)?
Promote laxative use to relieve distention
NPO, IV fluids, antibiotics, and surgical consultation — potential medical emergency
Encourage high-fiber foods immediately
Start immediate colonoscopy with full bowel prep
A patient on corticosteroids for IBD should be taught to monitor for:
Weight loss only
Hyperglycemia, osteoporosis risk, infection susceptibility, and need for gradual tapering
No side effects at all
Increased immune response to vaccines so live vaccines are safe
A nurse notes clay-colored stool and dark urine in a patient. This suggests:
Gallbladder or biliary obstruction causing decreased bilirubin excretion and cholestasis
Normal variant unrelated to disease
Hemorrhoids only
Viral gastroenteritis
A patient with hepatitis C now has a new oral DAA cure regimen option. Nursing education should include:
Treatment is lifelong and never curative
Many direct-acting antivirals can cure HCV with a defined course; adherence and monitoring are crucial
Avoid all medications during therapy including vitamins
No labs are needed during treatment
A postoperative patient on opioids has decreased bowel sounds and abdomen distended; the nurse suspects:
Normal analgesia effect only
Paralytic ileus — NPO, NG decompression if ordered, IV fluids, monitor electrolytes and bowel function
Immediate laxative to force stool
Diarrhea treatment
In caring for a patient with an ostomy, the nurse should assess stoma output and skin. Which finding is expected for an ileostomy?
Formed brown stool similar to colon stool
Frequent liquid output with enzymes that irritate skin — requires careful peristomal skin protection
No output at all is normal
Black, leathery stoma is expected
A nurse is teaching vaccination to prevent hepatitis. Which vaccines are recommended?
Hepatitis A and B vaccines for prevention where indicated
Only hepatitis C vaccine is available and required
No vaccines for any hepatitis viruses exist
Hepatitis D vaccine is given routinely to all
Which is a hallmark sign of acute pancreatitis on exam or labs?
Low serum amylase and lipase
Elevated serum lipase (more specific) and amylase, epigastric pain radiating to back
High platelet count only
Elevated HBsAg
For a patient with suspected fracture and compartment syndrome, the nurse should avoid:
Frequent neurovascular checks
Elevation of the extremity above heart level and application of ice (these can worsen perfusion in compartment syndrome)
Immediate notification of provider for fasciotomy if indicated
Pain control while preparing for intervention
A patient with acute cholecystitis is scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Preoperative teaching should include:
There will be a large abdominal incision only
Expect small laparoscopic incisions, early ambulation post-op, and possible temporary dietary changes
No pain expected after surgery
Unlimited fatty foods immediately after surgery
A patient with diverticulosis should be taught to:
Avoid all fiber permanently
Increase dietary fiber and fluids to prevent diverticulitis episodes unless acute inflammation is present
Immediately have surgery for diverticulosis
Take high-dose NSAIDs daily
Which of the following is most consistent with acute bacterial prostatitis causing urinary symptoms in men?
Flank pain and cough only
Dysuria, urinary frequency/urgency, perineal pain, fever; treat with antibiotics and supportive care
Sudden stool incontinence only
Always asymptomatic
When assessing a patient with suspected osteoarthritis, the nurse expects:
Symmetric joint stiffness lasting hours after rest only
Pain worse with activity, morning stiffness <30 minutes, asymmetric joint involvement, and osteophytes on x-ray
Systemic immune markers strongly elevated
Rapid joint destruction over days
Which instruction is appropriate for a patient starting allopurinol for gout prevention?
Use for acute attack relief immediately only
Take daily to lower uric acid long-term; monitor renal function and encourage hydration
Increase intake of high-purine foods while on drug
Stop drug during intercurrent infection always
A patient with an infected pressure ulcer has erythema, purulent drainage, and fever. The nurse should:
Continue routine dressing changes only
Obtain wound culture, initiate antibiotics as ordered, and manage wound per protocol
Ignore signs since infection is expected
Apply only dry gauze without cleaning
Which is the most important nursing action for a patient with suspected DVT prior to ultrasound?
Forceful massage of the calf to dislodge clot
Elevate leg, limit activity, keep limb supported, and avoid massaging; notify provider for diagnostic ultrasound
Start aggressive exercise of affected limb
Apply hot compress and massage vigorously
A patient with Parkinson’s disease on benztropine (an anticholinergic) should be monitored for:
Increased salivation and urinary frequency
Dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention, constipation — interventions include fluids, sugarless candy, and toileting assistance
Hypersalivation only
Immediate seizure activity
A patient with suspected peritonitis will present with which bowel sounds?
Hyperactive, high-pitched bowel sounds throughout
Absent bowel sounds due to paralytic ileus secondary to peritoneal irritation
Normal bowel sounds in all quadrants
Borborygmi only
A nurse is preparing discharge teaching for a patient started on enoxaparin (Lovenox) after hip replacement. Which teaching is essential?
Inject in the anterior abdominal wall, rotate sites, observe for bleeding/bruising, and do not aspirate injection
Take enoxaparin PO with meals
Stop all anticoagulants if constipation occurs
Use a razor blade for shaving to prevent bleeding
Which clinical picture best describes acute bacterial pyelonephritis?
Dysuria only without systemic signs
Fever, flank pain, costovertebral angle tenderness, nausea/vomiting — requires antibiotics and possible IV therapy
Painless hematuria only
Chronic constipation and abdominal bloating
A patient with toxic megacolon is at risk of which electrolyte disturbance from diarrheal fluid losses?
Hypernatremia only
Hypokalemia and dehydration from large watery stools — monitor electrolytes and replace as needed
Hypercalcemia only
No electrolyte issues expected
A patient with a new transurethral catheter shows decreased urine output and bladder distention. The nurse should:
Keep catheter in place and check for kinks/patency; assess for obstruction and notify provider if no improvement
Remove catheter immediately without assessment
Replace bag only and ignore symptoms
Push fluids and walk patient to increase output regardless of catheter patency
In the immediate phase after fracture reduction, the nurse should perform neurovascular checks. Which items are included?
Only temperature of limb
Color, temperature, capillary refill, pulses, sensation, movement, and pain distal to injury
Only pulse and movement
Only subjective pain report
A patient with long-standing liver disease has ascites and spider angiomas. Which lab finding is expected?
Low AST and ALT always
Abnormal LFTs, low albumin, prolonged PT/INR due to decreased hepatic synthetic function
Elevated amylase only
Normal coagulation studies
Which is true about hepatitis D virus?
Hep D can infect independently without any other virus present
Hep D requires Hepatitis B infection to occur; prevention by Hep B vaccination reduces risk
Hep D is fecal-oral like Hep A
Hep D has a routine vaccine separate from Hep B
A patient with suspected spinal cord injury develops sudden hypertension, headache, and bradycardia. The nurse suspects:
Normal vitals after injury
Autonomic dysreflexia — assess for bladder or bowel distention (e.g., urinary retention) and treat cause promptly
Sepsis only
Myocardial infarction only
A patient with inflammatory bowel disease on long-term corticosteroids should be monitored for which bone problem?
Osteoporosis — teach calcium, vitamin D, weight bearing exercise and monitor bone density
Increased bone density only
No bone effects are related to steroids
Immediate fracture healing
A postoperative patient complains of sudden shortness of breath and chest pain on day 3 after hip fracture. The nurse suspects:
Atelectasis only
Pulmonary embolism — assess vitals, oxygenate, call rapid response and notify provider immediately
Anxiety only — no interventions needed
MI unrelated to surgery without assessing
Which would be an expected finding in a patient with early hepatic encephalopathy?
Increased platelet count
Mild confusion, asterixis (flapping tremor), and altered sleep pattern — related to accumulation of toxins like ammonia
Decreased bilirubin only
Intense focal limb pain
A patient with ileus is ordered an NG tube to suction. Nursing rationale is:
To provide enteral nutrition only
Decompress stomach to prevent vomiting and reduce aspiration risk while bowel rest is implemented
To speed peristalsis immediately
To remove stool
Which sign suggests a wound infection in a patient with a fracture incision?
Clear drainage and no redness
Increasing pain, redness, warmth, swelling, purulent drainage, and fever — notify provider and start wound management
Mild soreness at incision site only for months
Decreased swelling and improved ROM
A nurse is teaching a patient about colorectal cancer risk in long-term IBD. Which statement is accurate?
IBD does not affect colorectal cancer risk
Long-standing ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s colitis increases colorectal cancer risk; regular surveillance colonoscopies are recommended
Only IBS increases colon cancer risk
Surveillance is unnecessary if symptoms are controlled
Which nursing action is appropriate for a patient with fever, hypotension, and purulent drainage from a surgical fracture site?
Continue routine dressing changes at home
Stat assessment, culture of wound, blood cultures, begin antibiotics as ordered, and notify surgical team — possible sepsis/osteomyelitis risk
Ignore until next day
Only apply topical antiseptic without culture
A patient with HIV co-infection and hepatitis C is asking about cure. The nurse responds:
There is no treatment for HCV
Many DAAs can cure HCV in most patients, even with HIV co-infection — coordinate care and adherence support
HCV cures itself with vitamin C only
HCV vaccine prevents all infection
For a patient with chronic urinary incontinence related to dementia (functional), the best nursing approach includes:
Punish for accidents
Timed voiding, easy access to toileting, toileting assistance, and environmental modifications to reduce episodes
Restrict fluids to 0.5 L/day
Immediate surgery
A patient presents with RUQ pain and elevated amylase/lipase — you consider:
Acute cholecystitis only
Acute pancreatitis possibly due to gallstones or alcohol; evaluate and manage accordingly
UTI only
Migraine
A patient receiving high-dose corticosteroids for IBD should be taught to avoid:
Sun exposure and live vaccines while immunosuppressed, and be aware of infection risks and hyperglycemia
Handwashing to build immunity
All fruits only
Drinking extra fluids only
Which manifestation is characteristic of Crohn’s disease compared with ulcerative colitis?
Continuous colonic involvement beginning at rectum
Skip lesions throughout GI tract, transmural inflammation, risk of fistulas and malabsorption
Always limited to rectum only
No risk of small intestine involvement
A patient with acute pancreatitis has decreased bowel sounds and fever; which complication is the nurse most worried about?
Pancreatic abscess with infection and sepsis risk
Uncomplicated viral gastroenteritis
Pancreatic pseudocyst without infection and no systemic signs
Gastroesophageal reflux disease flare without fever
