A new medication for the treatment of Alzheimer disease is being administered to a select group of clients with the disease. This testing occurs in which phase?

A client with a long-standing dermatologic health problem has been advised to use a drug with a local effect. The nurse should recognize what characteristic of this drug?

The nurse is administering medications to a client and recognizes that a newly prescribed medication appears on the Beers Criteria list. Because this drug is on the Beers Criteria list, the nurse should recognize what associated implication?

An older adult client has an elevated serum creatinine level. This client is at greatest risk for which medication-related effect?

Which factor accounts for the increased risk for drug reactions among clients aged 65 years and older?

The nurse has received an order for a medication to be administered buccally. What education should the nurse provide?

A client is being administered warfarin to decrease blood clotting. Which herbal supplement may contribute alteration in blood clotting mechanisms?

Which statement best describes drug efficacy and toxicity in pediatric clients?

Which factor has the most significant effect on a child's response to the administration of a medication?

The nurse has received a new, signed medication order for a client that states "Metoprolol 25 mg PO bid." What is the nurse's best action?

What is the primary failing that contributes to safety issues related to the practice of pediatric pharmacology?

A toddler has been prescribed antibiotic treatment. To best assure the child's safety, the prescriber will be obliged to implement which intervention?

A neonate has been prescribed a water-soluble drug for the treatment of an acute infection. The nurse recognizes that the percentage of body water in an infant is significantly higher than that of an adult. What implication does this have for pharmacotherapy of an infant and the nurse providing care?

Which laboratory test should the nurse monitor to assess the status of drug elimination that is expected in neonates?

Liquid oral acetaminophen has been prescribed for a young child who has a fever. When confirming the right dose, what term is most appropriate?

The nurse is preparing to administer a client's IM injection of analgesia. Which injection site should the nurse select?

When appraising an older adult's ability to excrete medications, what laboratory or diagnostic finding should the nurse prioritize?

An older adult client's most recent blood work includes the following data: alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 1.99 mkat/L (high) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 3.1 mkat/L (high). What implication do these data have for the client's pharmacokinetics?

An older adult client has developed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and has consequently been prescribed albuterol, a beta2-adrenergic agonist. When administering this medication, the nurse should be aware that:

The adult child of an older adult client states that the client has been taking alendronate for several years for the treatment of osteoporosis. The child tells the nurse that the client never reported nausea after taking this medication until recently. How should the nurse respond to the child's statement?

An older adult client has been prescribed a nitrate and a calcium channel blocker for the treatment of unstable angina. When performing health education to promote adherence to his or her medication regimen, the nurse should emphasize which point?

The home visiting nurse observes an older adult prepare to administer a prescribed 8 units of insulin glargine. The client squints and draws up 10 units into the syringe. Which intervention should the nurse implement to best assure safe medication administration?

A client has been administered heparin to prevent thromboembolism development status postmyocardial infarction. The client develops heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Which medication will be administered?

A client has developed the formation of clots and has bruising. It is determined that there is a depletion of the client's coagulation factors and widespread bleeding. Which medication will be administered?

A 55-year-old client has been diagnosed with coronary artery disease and begun antiplatelet therapy. The client has asked the nurse why a "blood thinner like warfarin" hasn't been prescribed. What is the most likely rationale for the clinician's use of an antiplatelet agent rather than an anticoagulant?

A nurse at a long-term care facility is conducting a medication reconciliation for a client who has just moved into the facility. The client is currently taking clopidogrel. The nurse is most justified suspecting that this client has a history of what condition?

A 79-year-old client has been brought to the emergency department by ambulance with signs and symptoms of ischemic stroke. The care team would consider the immediate (STAT) administration of what drug?

Which single class drug is known to be most effective in reducing the major types of dyslipidemia?

A client is taking cholestyramine and ezetimibe. What administration guideline is most important to teach this client?

A hospital client's complex medical history includes a recent diagnosis of kidney cancer. Which medication is used to treat metastatic kidney cancer?

A client is administered a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). What is the expected outcome of a G-CSF?

A client who lives at home with chronic hepatitis B has been taking interferon alfa 2b for the past several weeks. Six hours after the most recent dose, the client reports a rapid onset of fatigue, headache, and malaise. No other objective symptoms of illness are apparent. Which is the nurse's best option?

An adult client has been treated for strep throat with ampicillin by mouth. The client visits the occupational health nurse and reports vaginal itching. What organism is the cause of the vaginal itching?

A client with an infection has not responded appreciably to antibiotic therapy, and the nurse suspects antibiotic resistance. What phenomenon is known to contribute to acquired antibiotic resistance?

A client is diagnosed with familial adenomatous polyposis. Which nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent will reduce the number of polyps and decrease the risk of colon cancer?

A child has symptoms of influenza, including a fever. Which medication should not be administered to the child because of the risk of Reye's syndrome?

A client is admitted to the emergency department with a suspected overdose of acetaminophen. What potential adverse effect should the nurse first address?

A perinatal nurse is preparing a dose of IV indomethacin for administration to a neonate. What is the most plausible indication for this treatment?

A client diagnosed with osteoarthritis has been prescribed meloxicam. Which instruction should the client be given to assure the medication's safe administration?

Which physiologic action increases a client's stress-related release of cortisol?

A client suffers from recurrent sinus infections and has been prescribed an inhaled medication. Which medication will be prescribed to decrease sinus inflammation?

A client, admitted with an acute asthma attack, has been using inhaled corticosteroids two times daily for several years. Based on this information in the client's history, what should the nurse anticipate will be required in the client's care?

An adult client is preparing to begin corticosteroid treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. When teaching this client about the appropriate use of corticosteroids, the nurse should include what teaching point?

A client has a history of a life-threatening anaphylactic reaction to penicillin G. Which medication should not be administered to this client?

Ampicillin-sulbactam is administered to a client with Staphylococcus aureus. What type of anti-infective is ampicillin-sulbactam?

How does adding a beta-lactamase inhibitor agent help achieve a therapeutic effect when prescribed for otitis media?

What organ system is responsible for the excretion of cefotaxime sodium from the body?

When conducting health education for a client prescribed an oral penicillin for an infection caused by gram-negative bacilli, the nurse should emphasize which instructions?

Which drug is a first-generation cephalosporin used as a surgical prophylaxis?

What aspect of a client's history would contraindicate imipenem–cilastatin drug therapy?

An older adult client responded well to inpatient treatment with a third-generation cephalosporin. After being largely symptom free for 48 hours, the client has developed a fever of 38.6°C and an elevated white cell count. What phenomenon may account for this client's current clinical presentation?

A client is diagnosed with an infection attributable to the gram-negative microorganism Pseudomonas. Which anti-infective agent is most reliable in treating this microorganism?

A client has been prescribed ciprofloxacin IV for the treatment of cellulitis. After initiating the infusion of the client's first scheduled dose, the client develops a pronounced rash on the chest and arms. How should the nurse respond initially to this event?

A client is seen in the clinic after a bite from a tick. The client has a rash over the arms and legs and arthritic pain in the joints. What drug would the nurse expect the health care provider to prescribe?

A client is administered a sulfonamide for a urinary tract infection. Which intervention is most appropriate to increase alkalinity of the client's urine and so increasing the medication's effectiveness?

A public health nurse interacts with many members of the community who are at risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The nurse should anticipate the use of tetracycline in a client who is diagnosed with what STI?

The nurse is educating a client diagnosed with a urinary tract infection about the prescribed trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (TMP–SMZ). The client has a history of type 2 diabetes and currently takes a sulfonylurea. Which statement made by the client establishes the need for further clarification?

The nurse is caring for a client who developed malaria while abroad and who is being treated with sulfadiazine. To prevent adverse effects of treatment, the nurse should perform which action?

The health care provider prescribed an antibacterial drug to a client for treatment of acne. What drug does the nurse expect to be prescribed?

A 22-year-old college student allergic to penicillin is being treated with oral erythromycin for a chlamydial infection. What assessment should the nurse prioritize during this client's course of treatment to monitor for adverse reactions?

A client, being treated in the intensive care unit, has been diagnosed with ventilator-associated pneumonia. Culture and sensitivity testing of the client's sputum indicates that erythromycin is a treatment option. Which nursing assessment is most appropriate to rule out contraindications for this medication therapy?

A client, hospitalized with active tuberculosis, is receiving antitubercular drug therapy but has not experienced the expected therapeutic effects. The nurse will collaborate with the care provider to rule out what possible cause?

A client is prescribed isoniazid and rifampin for the treatment of active tuberculosis (TB). The client's medication education should stress that initial symptom improvement is likely to take how long?

A 23-year-old client is prescribed zidovudine for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Which statement indicates that the client has understood the client teaching regarding the action of this medication?

A client is prescribed zanamivir to treat influenza B. The client has a history of asthma. For which symptom should the nurse assess?

A client is being treated with amphotericin B for a severe fungal infection. How long does the nurse expect drug therapy to last?

A client is prescribed nystatin suspension for an oral fungal infection. The nurse should provide the client with information concerning which adverse effect associated with this form of nystatin?

A client who is diagnosed with a fungal infection is prescribed itraconazole. Prior to administration, the nurse notes that the client is taking carbamazepine for a seizure disorder. Based on this medication regimen, what information should the nurse provide to the client?

A client is being treated with caspofungin for a systemic fungal infection related to Aspergillus. Prior to the administration of the first parenteral dose, the nurse notes that the client's serum hepatic levels are elevated. How will these serum hepatic enzymes affect the administration of caspofungin?

A client is being treated for a fungal infection with IV amphotericin B. In order to monitor for adverse effects, the nurse should consistently monitor the client's levels of which component?

An adult client has begun treatment with fluconazole. The nurse should recognize the need to likely discontinue the drug if the client develops which sign or symptom?

When administering the azoles in the home setting, the home health nurse should prioritize educational interventions that address what nursing diagnosis?

Caspofungin has been prescribed for a client diagnosed with invasive aspergillosis. The nurse should teach the client to promptly report what symptom associated with an adverse reaction?

A nature photographer will be embarking on a trip overseas and is beginning a protocol for malaria prophylaxis involving 500 mg of chloroquine phosphate. What instruction should the nurse include in this client's health education?

A client has been diagnosed with amebiasis. What signs and symptoms would the nurse most likely expect to assess?

A client, taking metronidazole for the past 4 days, reports to the nurse that the most recent dose caused the client to feel "flushed, sweaty, and sick in the stomach." What assessment is most likely to address the cause of this phenomenon?

A client with a diagnosis of amebiasis has nearly completed the prescribed course of metronidazole. Which of the nurse's assessment findings would most clearly suggest successful treatment?

The nurse is caring for a client who will begin a prophylactic course of hydroxychloroquine prior to a trip to a region where malaria is endemic. Which teaching will the nurse provide?

The nurse is completing the medication reconciliation of a new client and observes that the client completed a course of treatment with artemether/lumefantrine earlier in the year. The nurse will recognize the client's history of which diagnosis?

The nurse is providing education regarding lifestyle changes to a client diagnosed with hypertension. What diet should the nurse recommend as most appropriate for this client?

An older adult client who resides in a care facility has been prescribed antihypertensives for the first time following many years of generally good health. When administering the first dose of the prescribed antihypertensive medication to an older adult, the nurse should recognize the related risk to which possible side effect?

What is the mechanism of action for medications prescribed to treat a rapid arrhythmia?

The nurse is administering procainamide to a client with a tachyarrhythmia. Which finding indicates a need to reduce the medication dose?

A client is admitted to the emergency department with a ventricular arrhythmia associated with an acute myocardial infarction. What assessment should the nurse make prior to administering a bolus of lidocaine IV?

The nurse is caring for a client who is receiving amiodarone. Which assessment would be considered a priority?

The health care provider has prescribed a class IV calcium channel blocker for a client diagnosed with acute supraventricular tachycardia. Which drug does this nurse expect to be prescribed?

The nurse is preparing to administer adenosine to a client. What is the rationale for administering adenosine as a bolus?

An adult client with no known history of cardiovascular disease presents with atrial flutter. The client is prescribed propafenone PO 150 mg every 8 hours for 24 hours. What is the cardiac care nurse's priority assessment during this period?

A client with recurrent ventricular fibrillation has been prescribed oral amiodarone on an ongoing basis. What safety education will the nurse prioritize?

A client reports substernal chest pain that radiates to the neck. The pain lasts 5 minutes and then subsides with relaxation. What is the most likely cause of the chest pain?

A client with a long-standing diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is prescribed a beta-blocker for the treatment of angina. The nurse should consequently prioritize assessment for what health problem?

The nurse has completed administering an oral dose of 30 mg of long-lasting nifedipine. What principle should guide the nurse's follow-up assessment?

The nurse is providing education to a client who has been prescribed bisoprolol. During teaching, the nurse explains that the drug achieves a therapeutic effect in what way?

A client with a diagnosis of angina has been prescribed nifedipine sustained-release 30 mg orally once per day. Prior to administration, the nurse will perform which assessment?

A client is administered epinephrine in conjunction with a local anesthetic. What effect will epinephrine produce?

A child who is allergic to bee stings is stung by a bee at school. The school nurse administers epinephrine. Why is epinephrine the drug of choice for this client?

A client is receiving IV norepinephrine for treatment of shock. What is the goal of administration?

The nurse is administering norepinephrine intravenous (IV) to an adult client diagnosed with septic shock. The client suddenly develops redness and edema at the right forearm IV site. The client's systolic blood pressure (SBP) is 88 mm Hg. Which action would the nurse implement first?

A client has been diagnosed with shock and the health care provider has prescribed "dobutamine 10 mcg/kg/min IV." What is the nurse's most appropriate action?