WorksheetsEcology Part 1
Total questions: 137
Worksheet time: 1hrs 13mins
Which method is a common way ecologists study organisms and their interactions?
Field observations over defined time periods
Random guessing about animal behavior
Astrology-based seasonal predictions
Coin flips to choose sample locations
Which list correctly orders scales of ecology from smallest to largest?
Organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere
Biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, organism
Population, organism, ecosystem, community, biosphere
Community, biosphere, organism, ecosystem, population
A student labels sunlight, temperature, and water as biotic factors in a forest. What revision improves accuracy?
Relabel them as abiotic environmental factors
Keep sunlight and temperature as biotic factors
Relabel only water as a biotic component
Remove all factors because they are not ecological
Which statement best defines ecology?
The study of organism interactions with surroundings
The study of internal cell chemical reactions
The classification of species by shared traits
The measurement of population sizes over time
An organism’s survival in any habitat depends mainly on what combination?
Nonliving factors and other organisms nearby
Genetic engineering and artificial selection
Seasonal weather forecasts and maps
Laboratory testing and medical treatments
Which scenario best illustrates an ecological interaction between organisms and nonliving factors?
Cacti storing water during prolonged droughts
Birds learning songs through social practice
Humans inventing new farming machinery
Chemists balancing equations in laboratories
Why do humans need healthy ecological systems?
They provide clean water and fertile soil for food
They guarantee unlimited fossil fuels for energy
They remove the need for economic planning entirely
They eliminate diseases through instant cures
A town plans to expand farms into a wetland that filters local drinking water. Using ecological reasoning, what is the most important question to investigate before building?
How will wetland loss affect water quality and food security
Can farmers purchase larger tractors this summer
Will the town’s logo need a redesign after expansion
How many tourists will visit new farm stores yearly
Which level of ecological organization refers to a single living thing, such as one zebra on a savanna?
Organism
Population
Community
Ecosystem
A herd of bison living together in the same valley at the same time best represents which level?
Population
Community
Biome
Biosphere
Which statement best defines a biological community?
Groups of different populations interacting
A group of ecosystems with similar climate
All living things on the entire Earth
One species in a defined geographic area
An ecosystem includes which components?
All organisms plus nonliving environment
Only organisms of the same species
Only living organisms interacting
A group of similar climate regions
Which option lists the levels from smallest to largest correctly?
Organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere
Population, organism, ecosystem, biome, community, biosphere
Organism, community, population, biome, ecosystem, biosphere
Population, community, organism, biosphere, biome, ecosystem
Which level groups multiple ecosystems that share similar climate and communities?
Biome
Community
Population
Organism
A scientist studies how nutrient cycles and sunlight affect fish, coral, and algae together. Which level is the focus of this study?
Ecosystem
Population
Community
Biome
Two nearby coral reefs share the same climate and have similar communities of species. Together, these reefs are best classified as what?
Part of the same biome
A single population
The global biosphere
A single community
Why might ecologists use computer models when studying the biosphere?
Direct experiments at global scale are impractical
Models always give perfect predictions
Field observations are never useful
Communities do not include interactions
Which statement best defines a biotic factor in an ecosystem?
Nonliving conditions like temperature and rainfall
Living components such as plants and animals
Chemical properties of water and soil
Physical features like sunlight and wind
Which item is an abiotic factor affecting organisms in a pond?
Algae competing for sunlight
Predatory fish hunting minnows
Water temperature during seasons
Decomposers recycling nutrients
Which scenario describes a limiting factor for a deer population in a forest?
An increase in daylight hours each summer
A shortage of winter food resources
More fawns born during spring
Stronger social behavior in herds
Biotic and abiotic factors are described as dynamic. What does this imply for ecosystems?
They remain fixed and predictable over years
They constantly change and influence each other
They operate separately without interaction
They only matter during extreme events
Some plants release nutrients back into soil. Which interaction is illustrated?
Abiotic changing biotic through climate shifts
Biotic influencing abiotic by altering soil
Limiting factors increasing reproduction rates
Adaptations decreasing environmental resistance
A fish species thrives where water is cool, shaded, and oxygen‑rich. Which idea best explains this distribution?
Biotic factors are always more important than abiotic
Limiting abiotic conditions determine where it survives
Organisms adapt environments to fit their genetics
Dynamic factors eliminate all competition
Which statement best describes the purpose of modeling global systems?
To list Earth’s parts without connections
To show systems, processes, and interactions
To predict weather for tomorrow only
To replace all field observations forever
Which global system includes all life on Earth and where it is found?
Geosphere
Hydrosphere
Biosphere
Atmosphere
Which component is part of the geosphere?
Ocean currents and tides
Earth’s crust, mantle, and core
All gases surrounding Earth
All organisms and ecosystems
A cloud forms from water vapor high above the surface. Which two global systems interact most directly in this event?
Hydrosphere and Atmosphere
Biosphere and Geosphere
Geosphere and Atmosphere
Biosphere and Hydrosphere
The infographic highlights causes of global change. Which option lists a likely pair of causes shown in such diagrams?
Plate tectonics and volcanic activity
Alphabet order and color schemes
Astrology signs and constellations
Season names and holiday dates
Models help explain how the Earth system works. Which example shows a process model might include?
Carbon cycling among spheres
Random events without links
A list of planet names only
Unrelated facts about music
Which statement best matches the hydrosphere as defined for global systems?
Includes all gases around Earth
Consists of all water in all states
Composed of rocks in Earth’s interior
Contains all living organisms worldwide
A wildfire releases smoke that changes air composition, which then affects plant health. Which sequence of interactions is demonstrated?
Geosphere to Hydrosphere to Atmosphere
Biosphere to Atmosphere to Biosphere
Atmosphere to Geosphere to Hydrosphere
Hydrosphere to Biosphere to Geosphere
Which statement best defines a food chain?
A series of organisms each dependent on the one before it
A network of cycles where elements move between reservoirs
A classification of species by shared anatomical traits
A pathway showing nutrient recycling through decomposers
What is a food web?
A single linear pathway of energy through organisms
A group of interconnected food chains in an ecosystem
A ranking of organisms by population abundance
A diagram showing only predator behaviors over time
What does trophic level describe?
The position of an organism in the food chain
The speed of energy transfer between organisms
The number of offspring produced each season
The mass of biomass lost at each transfer
Which statement illustrates the Law of Conservation of Mass in an ecosystem investigation?
Matter is neither created nor destroyed during decomposition
Energy increases as it moves to higher trophic levels
Heat created by organisms disappears without a trace
Producers create new atoms during photosynthesis
A student claims energy disappears when transferred from producers to consumers. Which principle helps correct this claim?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or converted
Mass increases as energy flows to higher trophic levels
Energy is created by consumers during cellular respiration
Energy is destroyed when converted from light to heat
Which statement best defines weather for a location?
Average year-to-year conditions over many decades
Day-to-day atmospheric conditions like temperature and rain
Typical seasonal patterns averaged across regions
Long-term ocean conditions that affect continents
Which characteristic is most associated with climate rather than weather?
Rapidly changing hour-by-hour temperatures
Average precipitation over many years
Sudden thunderstorms in the afternoon
Morning fog developing this week
A farmer wants to choose a crop that can grow reliably each year. Which factor should guide the decision most?
Yesterday’s high temperature and wind speed
Tomorrow’s forecast for rain and sun
Average temperature and rainfall over decades
Cloud cover patterns during one holiday weekend
Which comparison correctly contrasts weather and climate?
Weather is more predictable; climate changes every hour
Climate is long-term averages; weather is daily conditions
Weather is regional averages; climate is local snapshots
Climate affects nothing; weather shapes ecosystems
Short-term changes in weather and long-term changes in climate can both influence which outcome mentioned in the lesson?
Whether food crops succeed or fail
The shape of mountain ranges
The tilt of Earth’s axis
The length of day and night
Which statement best describes the greenhouse effect shown in the diagram with arrows near Earth’s atmosphere?
Solar energy is fully reflected back into outer space
Greenhouse gases absorb and re-emit some outgoing heat
The Sun creates wind by pushing air across oceans
Earth’s core releases energy that warms the atmosphere
Which gases are primarily responsible for trapping heat in the atmosphere as illustrated?
Nitrogen and oxygen mainly control heat trapping
Carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor do
Neon and argon mostly absorb solar energy
Ozone and helium dominate greenhouse warming
Why do areas near the equator receive more direct solar energy than polar regions, as shown on the tilted globe?
Earth is closer to the Sun only at the equator
Earth’s curvature spreads sunlight over larger polar areas
Clouds block more radiation only at the poles
The Moon reflects extra sunlight toward the tropics
Which process best explains the creation of global wind patterns according to the slides?
Equal heating creates uniform air pressure everywhere
Unequal heating and Earth’s rotation drive air movement
Volcanic eruptions push air into large circulating cells
The oceans pull air toward continents by evaporation
In the greenhouse diagram, what happens to some of the outgoing infrared radiation from Earth’s surface?
It is entirely absorbed by the ocean surface
It bounces off clouds and disappears forever
It escapes to space without any interaction
It is absorbed and re-emitted by greenhouse gases
Warm air rises and cool air sinks. What is the immediate result of this pattern for atmospheric circulation between equator and poles?
Convection cells form that move heat poleward
Air becomes motionless over tropical oceans
Only local breezes occur with no global impact
Polar air permanently warms and stops sinking
A city at 60° N reports persistent westerly surface winds. Using the global wind concepts shown, what is the most likely cause?
Coriolis deflection within the prevailing westerlies
Trade winds blowing eastward in polar regions
Land breezes replacing sea breezes each night
Jet streams reversing due to seasonal monsoons
If atmospheric CO2 increases, which change best predicts its effect on Earth’s energy balance as depicted?
More incoming sunlight is produced by the Sun
Less infrared is absorbed by greenhouse gases
More outgoing heat is retained in the atmosphere
Stronger winds immediately remove excess heat
Which set lists three main factors that shape ocean currents?
Solar flares, plate subduction, soil erosion
Warming and cooling patterns, winds, continent locations
River discharge, tides only, beach slope
Cloud cover, humidity alone, monsoon rains
A surface current flowing from the tropics toward a temperate coast most likely causes which local effect?
Cooling effect with frequent sea fog
Warming effect on nearby land
No effect on regional climate
Strong decrease in wind speeds
Cold surface water is pushed away from a continent by winds. What process allows deeper water to rise?
Upwelling of subsurface water
Sublimation of seawater
Condensation within waves
Evaporation from the surface
Which statement best distinguishes surface currents from deep ocean currents?
Surface currents are wind-driven; deep currents are density-driven
Surface currents move slower; deep currents always faster
Surface currents flow east; deep currents flow west
Surface currents are permanent; deep currents temporary
Which non-human factor can change climate by reducing sunlight reaching Earth for several years?
Increased urban development
Volcanic activity injecting aerosols
Agricultural land clearing
Industrial sulfate emissions
Variations in Earth’s orbit, tilt, and spin mainly influence climate by affecting which quantity?
Salinity of deep water masses
Amount and distribution of solar energy
Speed of tectonic plate motion
Frequency of tropical cyclones
Mountain building can alter regional climate primarily by which mechanism?
Blocking winds and creating rain shadows
Increasing ocean salinity everywhere
Reversing global wind belts instantly
Eliminating surface ocean currents
Which statement best describes a glacial period in Earth's history?
A time when ice sheets expanded widely
A time when deserts covered most continents
A time when volcanoes erupted continuously
A time when sea levels rose dramatically
Scientists link several mass extinctions to rapid climate change. What is the most direct biological reason many species died out during these events?
Populations could not adapt quickly enough
Continents drifted apart too rapidly
Food webs always became more diverse
Earth received less sunlight every day
Chapter 4 begins with ecosystems. Which scenario best illustrates how rapid climate change could disrupt an ecosystem?
Sudden cooling shifts habitats faster than species migrate
Seasonal cycles repeat with identical timing each year
Genetic variation increases slowly over many centuries
A single storm briefly knocks down a few old trees
Which statement best describes primary producers in an ecosystem?
Organisms that make food using nonliving energy sources
Animals that hunt prey to gain chemical energy
Decomposers that recycle nutrients into the soil
Predators that regulate herbivore population sizes
Which pathway explains how most consumers obtain energy and nutrients?
They eat other organisms to acquire stored energy
They absorb sunlight directly like green plants
They create sugars from water alone without light
They take in carbon dioxide to produce proteins
A new lake ecosystem is being studied. To identify the primary producers there, which organisms should scientists focus on first?
Algae that perform photosynthesis near the surface
Fish that consume small invertebrates at depth
Crayfish that scavenge on decaying plant matter
Bacteria that digest animal waste in sediments
Which statement best defines an autotroph?
Organism that makes its own food
Organism that eats other organisms
Organism that decomposes dead matter
Organism that migrates for nutrients
In the photosynthesis diagram, which input provides the energy to drive sugar production?
Light from the sun
Oxygen from air
Sugar from soil
Minerals from water
Photoautotrophs use which energy source to produce food?
Sunlight energy
Thermal energy
Kinetic energy
Nuclear energy
Chemoautotrophs primarily obtain energy by using what?
Chemical compounds
Sunlight photons
Organic sugars
Animal tissues
Which equation portion in the photosynthesis diagram represents products?
C6H12O6 and O2
CO2 and H2O
Light and chlorophyll
Minerals and soil
Hydrothermal vent microbes shown in the chemosynthesis graphic most likely use energy from which source?
Chemical reactions with H2S
Direct sunlight at depth
Decomposing plant roots
Atmospheric nitrogen gas
Which pair correctly matches term and synonym from the notes?
Autotroph — primary producer
Heterotroph — photoautotroph
Consumer — autotroph
Producer — heterotroph
A scientist discovers bacteria at a cold seep forming sugars without sunlight. What classification fits best?
Chemoautotrophs producing sugars
Photoautotrophs storing light
Heterotrophs consuming algae
Decomposers releasing oxygen
Which statement distinguishes heterotrophs from autotrophs in these slides?
Heterotrophs obtain energy by consuming others
Heterotrophs create sugars from carbon dioxide
Heterotrophs fix carbon using sunlight
Heterotrophs release energy from minerals
Which term best describes an organism that must consume other organisms for energy?
Producer that makes its own food
Heterotroph that eats other organisms
Autotroph using sunlight for sugars
Photosynthesizer making glucose alone
Which category includes animals that primarily eat other animals?
Carnivores that hunt animal prey
Herbivores feeding on grasses
Omnivores eating mixed diets
Detritivores consuming detritus
Which statement defines a detritivore most accurately?
Consumer that eats living plant leaves
Organism that chemically digests remains
Consumer that eats carcasses only
Organism that ingests detritus particles
A decomposer’s primary role is to
Ingest dead matter as particles
Chemically break down organic matter
Hunt and kill living prey animals
Graze on fresh plant tissues
Which example shows classification challenges within heterotrophs?
Bees collecting floral nectar only
Hyenas scavenging yet also carnivores
Cows chewing cud for cellulose
Earthworms burrowing through soil
Which pair is matched correctly with its typical food source?
Herbivore — decaying leaf litter
Omnivore — algae exclusively
Scavenger — already dead animals
Detritivore — living animal tissues
A coastal cleanup finds sea cucumbers feeding on organic debris on the seafloor. How should they be classified?
Carnivores that hunt fish actively
Herbivores grazing on seagrass
Detritivores consuming detritus
Scavengers stripping large carcasses
Two birds eat similar foods: one hunts small lizards, the other eats fruits and insects. Which labels fit best?
Both birds are carnivores only
First omnivore, second carnivore
First carnivore, second omnivore
Both birds are detritivores
Which statement about categories of heterotrophs is most accurate?
All organisms in a category feed the same way
Some organisms fit multiple feeding categories
Classification never changes with context
Scavengers always chemically digest tissue
Which statement best describes a food chain?
A sequence showing energy passing by feeding
A map of habitats connected by migration
A chart of water cycles through evaporation
A record of seasonal changes in temperature
In many ocean ecosystems, which organism group typically starts the food chain?
Phytoplankton as tiny floating algae
Zooplankton as small drifting animals
Sea grass as rooted marine plants
Krill as shrimp-like crustaceans
Hyenas both scavenge and hunt. What does this example show about classifying heterotrophs?
Some organisms fit multiple feeding roles
All consumers obtain energy identically
Carnivores never scavenge for resources
Scavengers cannot act as predators
Ecological pyramids are used in studying ecosystems. What is their main purpose regarding trophic levels?
To analyze patterns of energy transfer
To display migration routes of species
To predict daily weather conditions
To map geological rock formations
In the diagram showing grass → grasshopper → frog → snake → eagle, which organism is the primary consumer?
Grasshopper
Frog
Snake
Eagle
Which term best describes grass in a food chain that begins with sunlight and water supporting plant growth?
Producer
Primary consumer
Secondary consumer
Tertiary consumer
In a typical food chain, energy transfer primarily moves in which direction?
Producer to consumers
Decomposers to producers
Consumers to sunlight
Tertiary to secondary
In the sequence grass → grasshopper → frog, what trophic level is the frog occupying?
Secondary consumer
Producer
Primary consumer
Decomposer
A snake that eats a frog which ate a grasshopper would most accurately be called what?
Tertiary consumer
Primary consumer
Producer organism
Detritivore species
Look at the Arctic marine food web with phytoplankton, zooplankton, krill, fish, birds, fox, and gulls. Which statement best explains why food webs are more stable than single food chains?
Multiple feeding paths provide alternatives
Energy cycles endlessly without loss
Producers depend on carnivores for sugar
Each predator eats only one prey always
In the food web, which organism pair most reasonably represents a producer and its direct consumer?
Phytoplankton and zooplankton
Krill and phytoplankton
Fox and kittiwake
Gull and salmon
Decomposers and detritivores play what essential role in ecosystems shown by the diagrams?
Recycle nutrients back to soil
Create energy from nothing
Feed only on top predators
Increase sunlight for plants
In an energy pyramid, which trophic level contains the greatest total energy?
Producers at the base
Primary consumers above
Secondary consumers mid
Tertiary consumers top
About what percentage of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next in most ecosystems?
About 10 percent
About 25 percent
About 50 percent
About 90 percent
Which pyramid directly compares the total dry mass of organisms at each trophic level?
Pyramid of biomass
Pyramid of energy
Pyramid of numbers
Pyramid of habitat
A food web diagram shows many arrows among organisms. What do the arrows most directly represent?
Direction of energy flow
Population size changes
Animal movement paths
Seasonal migration routes
If producers capture 50,000 units of energy, about how much energy is available to primary consumers?
About 5,000 units
About 15,000 units
About 25,000 units
About 45,000 units
Food chains are usually limited to four or five trophic levels. What is the best explanation for this limit?
Energy decreases at each level
Predators avoid long chains
Decomposers stop transfers
Producers become carnivores
Which statement best distinguishes a pyramid of numbers from a pyramid of energy?
Counts individuals at levels
Measures heat lost upward
Tracks kilojoules per level
Shows percent transfer only
Which pair best represents abiotic factors used to describe a biome?
Temperature and rainfall patterns
Predator and prey populations
Decomposer and producer roles
Migration and hibernation timing
What two characteristics are typically the main descriptors of a biome?
Climate and vegetation
Altitude and salinity
Latitude and soil pH
Wind speed and turbidity
Different sources may list biomes differently. What is the most reasonable consequence for students comparing two biome maps?
Some regions may be grouped or named differently
All regions will match exactly without exceptions
Only aquatic regions will show any differences
Differences will appear only at national borders
Humans have altered nearly 75% of all land except certain areas. Which area is LEAST likely to be heavily altered?
Very steep mountain slopes
Agricultural river valleys
Coastal metropolitan zones
Temperate grassland plains
A scientist wants to classify an unknown region into a biome. Which approach would most effectively support the classification?
Measure long-term climate and dominant vegetation
Count individual animals during one summer week
Record a single day of cloud cover and wind
List nearby cities and local land ownership
Which biome typically occurs where average temperature is high and precipitation is very high?
Temperate deciduous forest with moderate rainfall
Tropical rainforest with abundant rainfall
Boreal forest with low precipitation
Temperate grassland with seasonal rain
Which pair correctly matches biome to characteristic climate on the temperature–precipitation graph?
Tundra — warm temperatures, heavy rainfall
Boreal forest — cold temperatures, moderate precipitation
Chaparral — very cold, very wet conditions
Desert — cool temperatures, high precipitation
Which terrestrial biome is characterized by lowest annual precipitation across a wide temperature range?
Temperate rainforest with steady moisture
Subtropical desert with minimal rainfall
Tropical seasonal forest with wet seasons
Temperate grassland with moderate rain
Which zone is defined as the sunlit region of the open ocean where photosynthesis occurs?
Open ocean aphotic zone without sunlight
Open ocean photic zone with light penetration
Intertidal zone between tides
Coastal kelp forest near shore
Which location best describes coastal waters listed in aquatic ecosystems?
Area between low tide and continental shelf
Region beyond the continental slope
Deep trench far from any coastline
Pond isolated from saltwater influence
A city lies in a biome with moderate temperatures, four distinct seasons, and trees that lose leaves. Which biome best fits?
Temperate deciduous forest
Tropical dry forest
Boreal forest
Tundra
A river carries freshwater into a semi-enclosed coastal bay, creating brackish water. Which ecosystem is this?
Open ocean photic zone with clear water
Estuary with mixing of fresh and salt
Coral reef on offshore slopes
Freshwater wetland with no salinity
Which statement best defines a habitat in ecology?
Area where an organism lives with biotic and abiotic factors
Role a species performs including its interactions and needs
Group of populations that can interbreed and produce offspring
Microscopic community living on or inside other organisms
What is the ecological niche of a species?
Physical place an organism occupies in a biome
Role or position a species has including all interactions
Random behaviors that individuals show while foraging
Abiotic conditions like temperature and rainfall patterns
Which example best illustrates biotic factors influencing a habitat?
Predators, competitors, and available prey populations
Sunlight intensity and seasonal temperature range
Soil pH levels and dissolved oxygen content
Annual rainfall averages and wind exposure patterns
Microbiomes are best described as what?
Microscopic communities too small for unaided vision
Single bacterial species causing infectious diseases
Invisible abiotic factors like humidity and salinity
Tiny organs inside animals controlling digestion
A class claims competition only affects individuals, not communities. Which reasoning best evaluates this claim?
Incorrect because competition shapes community structure and dynamics
Correct because interactions rarely change population sizes
Incorrect because only abiotic factors determine community size
Correct because niches never overlap between different species
Which term describes an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce under conditions outside its best range?
Tolerance for changing conditions
Resource availability needs
Ecological carrying capacity
Physiological homeostasis level
Which option best defines a resource in ecology?
Any necessity of life needed
Any abundant habitat feature
Any food item consumed
Any abiotic factor only
Two species using the same resource at the same time are most directly engaged in which interaction?
Competition for a resource
Mutualism between partners
Commensalism with neutrality
Parasitism on a host
What does the Competitive Exclusion Principle state?
No two species share exactly the same niche
Predators always limit prey numbers
Plants outcompete animals for space
Mutualists always increase diversity
In predation, how are the interacting organisms affected?
One benefits, one is harmed (+/−)
Both benefit from the interaction (+/+)
One benefits, one unaffected (+/0)
Both are harmed in the interaction (−/−)
Which pairing correctly matches the relationship type with its effect?
Herbivory: animal eats plants (+/−)
Commensalism: both benefit (+/+)
Parasitism: neither affected (0/0)
Mutualism: one harmed (−/+)
A barnacle attaches to a whale to gain transport while the whale is unaffected. Which relationship is shown?
Commensalism with neutrality
Parasitism with a host
Mutualism with benefits
Predation for feeding
Reason about niches: If two bird species feed on identical seeds in the same forest at the same time, what long‑term outcome is most likely without a niche shift?
One species excludes the other
Both increase indefinitely
Both remain unchanged
Both switch to carnivory
A parasite usually does not kill its host. What ecological reason best explains this pattern?
Killing reduces the parasite’s resource
Killing maximizes rapid spread
Hosts benefit from being killed
Death prevents host competition
Which statement best defines a keystone species as shown in the diagram?
A species rare yet strongly shaping community structure
A species common and weakly influencing food chains
A species migratory and unrelated to ecosystem balance
A species domesticated and dependent on human support
In the Elkhorn Slough example, what ecological role do sea otters most likely play?
They regulate prey that damage habitats heavily
They fertilize marsh plants through nutrient deposits
They spread seeds of seagrasses across long distances
They create shelters by digging extensive burrows
What outcome is most likely if a keystone species is removed from its ecosystem?
Community structure shifts and biodiversity declines
Only apex predators increase without any changes
Primary productivity instantly rises in all habitats
Energy flow becomes perfectly efficient everywhere
Which statement correctly defines an invasive species?
A non‑native species introduced that outcompetes locals
A native species declining because of habitat change
A migratory species that seasonally leaves the area
A domesticated species maintained only by humans
A non‑native mussel spreads into a bay and outcompetes local filter feeders. Which consequence is most consistent with this scenario?
Food webs reorganize as native species decline
Ecosystem stability increases without any losses
Keystone predators immediately become more abundant
Nutrient cycles remain unchanged indefinitely
The diagram shows a prairie food web. Which organism in the food web would be classified as a producer?
Deer
Squirrel
Plant Seeds
Field Mouse
Click on the image to make it larger-- Choose all that apply: The hawk gets energy from...
mouse
rabbit
wildflowers
snake
Four organisms are illustrated here.
Which organism can make its own food?
Rabbit
Daisy
Mushroom
Earthworm
Which organisms would be at the top or last trophic level?
plant
herbivore
omnivore
carnivore
