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Pharmacology & Toxicology CAT 1

Total questions: 45

Worksheet time: 23mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Chemotherapy refers to:

a)

Use of radiation

b)

Use of drugs/chemicals to inhibit pathogens

c)

Use of surgery

d)

Use of herbal medicine

2.

Which of the following is not a chemotherapeutic agent?

a)

Antibiotic

b)

Antifungal

c)

Antiviral

d)

Analgesic

3.

The father of chemotherapy is:

a)

Alexander Fleming

b)

Paul Ehrlich

c)

Louis Pasteur

d)

Robert Koch

4.

Selective toxicity means:

a)

Drug kills host cells

b)

Drug kills microbes without harming host

c)

Drug affects both host and microbes equally

d)

Drug is toxic only in high doses

5.

MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) is:

a)

Lowest concentration that kills bacteria

b)

Lowest concentration that inhibits visible growth

c)

Highest tolerated dose

d)

Ratio of toxic to therapeutic dose

6.

MBC (Minimum Bactericidal Concentration) is bactericidal if:

a)

MBC=MIC\mathrm{MBC} = \mathrm{MIC}

b)

MBC≤4×MIC\mathrm{MBC} \le 4 \times \mathrm{MIC}

c)

MBC≥MIC×10\mathrm{MBC} \ge \mathrm{MIC} \times 10

d)

MBC=MIC÷2\mathrm{MBC} = \mathrm{MIC} \div 2

7.

Bactericidal drugs:

a)

Kill bacteria

b)

Inhibit growth reversibly

c)

Enhance host immunity only

d)

Are always toxic to host

8.

Example of bactericidal drug:

a)

Sulphonamides

b)

Chloramphenicol

c)

Aminoglycosides

d)

Tetracycline

9.

Bacteriostatic drugs:

a)

Kill bacteria directly

b)

Inhibit growth reversibly

c)

Are always preferred

d)

Cannot be used in animals

10.

Post-antibiotic effect (PAE) means:

a)

Growth inhibition continues after drug concentration falls below MIC

b)

Drug remains in plasma longer

c)

Drug accumulates in tissues

d)

Drug is excreted slowly

11.

Clinical pharmacology is defined as:

a)

Study of drugs in animals

b)

Study of drugs in humans

c)

Study of plant extracts

d)

Study of toxicology only

12.

Clinical pharmacology bridges:

a)

Surgery and medicine

b)

Classical pharmacology and clinical medicine

c)

Chemistry and biology

d)

Veterinary and human medicine

13.

Fundamental problem of pharmacology includes:

a)

Dose-response relationship

b)

Genetic engineering

c)

Herbal medicine

d)

Surgical techniques

14.

Pharmacokinetics deals with:

a)

Mechanism of drug action

b)

Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion

15.

Pharmacodynamics deals with:

a)

Drug movement in body

b)

Mechanism of drug action

c)

Drug excretion

d)

Drug absorption

16.

Clinical pharmacologists are concerned with:

a)

Optimal use of medications

b)

Only drug discovery

c)

Only herbal medicine

d)

Only toxicology

17.

Main goal of clinical pharmacology:

a)

Development of new and improved pharmacotherapy

b)

Elimination of old drugs

c)

Study of herbal medicine

d)

Study of surgical techniques

18.

Rudolph Buchheim is known for:

a)

Establishing pharmacology as lab-based discipline

b)

Discovering penicillin

c)

Introducing chemotherapy

d)

Discovering sulfonamides

19.

Gold & Modell contributed by:

a)

Double-blind trial design

b)

Discovery of aspirin

c)

Discovery of streptomycin

d)

Discovery of vaccines

20.

Paul Martini introduced:

a)

Placebos and trial methodology

b)

Antibiotics

c)

Vaccines

d)

Chemotherapy

21.

Preclinical development involves:

a)

Human volunteers

b)

Animal & lab studies

c)

Marketing

d)

Prescription writing

22.

Phase I trials involve:

a)

20–80 healthy volunteers

b)

100–200 patients

c)

Thousands of patients

d)

Market release

23.

Phase II trials involve:

a)

Healthy volunteers

b)

100–200 patients

c)

Thousands of patients

d)

Market approval

24.

Phase III trials involve:

a)

20–80 volunteers

b)

100–200 patients

c)

Thousands of patients

d)

Only animals

25.

NDA stands for:

a)

New Drug Application

b)

National Drug Authority

c)

Non-Drug Approval

d)

New Dosage Administration

26.

Double-blind design means:

a)

Both investigator & patient unaware of treatment

b)

Only patient unaware

c)

Only doctor unaware

d)

Everyone knows

27.

Placebo is:

a)

Active drug

b)

Inert substance with same appearance as drug

c)

Toxic compound

d)

Herbal medicine

28.

Orphan drug is used for:

a)

Common diseases

b)

Rare diseases

c)

Veterinary only

d)

Cancer only

29.

Controlled substances are regulated due to:

a)

High cost

b)

Abuse potential

c)

Poor efficacy

d)

Short shelf life

30.

OTC drugs are:

a)

Prescription only

b)

Non-prescription drugs

c)

Controlled substances

d)

Herbal medicines

31.

Pharmacognosy is study of:

a)

Synthetic drugs

b)

Drugs from natural sources

c)

Clinical trials

d)

Toxicology

32.

Ethnomedicine refers to:

a)

Traditional medicine practices

b)

Modern pharmacology

c)

Clinical trials

d)

Synthetic drugs

33.

Bioavailability means:

a)

Fraction of drug reaching systemic circulation

b)

Drug metabolism

c)

Drug excretion

d)

Drug toxicity

34.

Therapeutic index is:

a)

Ratio of toxic dose to effective dose

b)

Ratio of MIC to MBC

c)

Ratio of absorption to excretion

d)

Ratio of potency to efficacy

35.

Zero-order kinetics means:

a)

Constant rate independent of concentration

b)

Rate proportional to concentration

c)

No metabolism occurs

d)

Drug is not absorbed

36.

First-order kinetics means:

a)

Rate proportional to drug concentration

b)

Constant rate

c)

No metabolism

d)

Drug is not excreted

37.

Competitive antagonism occurs when:

a)

Antagonist competes with agonist at receptor

b)

Antagonist binds irreversibly

c)

Antagonist enhances agonist

d)

Antagonist blocks metabolism

38.

Non-competitive antagonism occurs when:

a)

Antagonist binds irreversibly at different site

b)

Antagonist competes at same site

c)

Antagonist enhances agonist

d)

Antagonist blocks absorption

39.

Adverse drug reaction (ADR) refers to:

a)

Harmful unintended drug effect

b)

Desired therapeutic effect

c)

Placebo effect

d)

Drug tolerance

40.

Thalidomide tragedy was linked to:

a)

Limb abnormalities (phocomelia)

b)

Liver toxicity

c)

Kidney failure

d)

Cancer

41.

Antibiotics are produced by:

a)

Microorganisms

b)

Plants only

c)

Synthetic chemistry only

d)

Animals

42.

Example of natural antibiotic:

a)

Penicillin

b)

Sulfonamide

c)

Aspirin

d)

Paracetamol

43.

Sulfonamides are:

a)

Synthetic antimicrobial agents

b)

Natural antibiotics

c)

Antifungal drugs

d)

Antiviral drugs

44.

Synergism example:

a)

Penicillin G + Streptomycin

b)

Tetracycline + Penicillin

c)

Chloramphenicol + Tetracycline

d)

Aspirin + Paracetamol

45.

Antagonism example:

a)

Tetracycline + Penicillin

b)

Penicillin + Streptomycin

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