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WorksheetsCardiovascular Emergencies-EMT
Total questions: 48
Worksheet time: 58mins
Which chamber of the heart receives oxygen-poor blood from the body?
Left atrium
Right atrium
Left ventricle
Right ventricle
What is the main function of the heart valves?
To pump blood
To prevent backflow of blood
To oxygenate blood
To filter blood
Which vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary vein
Aorta
Superior vena cava
What is the largest artery in the human body?
Pulmonary artery
Aorta
Carotid artery
Femoral artery
Which of the following is a common cardiac emergency?
Stroke
Myocardial infarction
Asthma attack
Appendicitis
What is the first step in performing CPR on an adult?
Give rescue breaths
Check for responsiveness
Call for help
Start chest compressions
Which medication is commonly given during a suspected heart attack to help prevent further clotting?
Insulin
Baby aspirin
Ibuprofen
Acetaminophen
What is the primary difference between angina and acute myocardial infarction (AMI)?
Angina is caused by infection, AMI is not
Angina pain is temporary, AMI pain is persistent and severe
Angina only affects the lungs, AMI affects the heart
Angina is always fatal, AMI is not
Trace the pathway of a drop of blood starting from the right atrium to the left ventricle. Which sequence is correct?
Right atrium → Right ventricle → Pulmonary artery → Lungs → Pulmonary vein → Left atrium → Left ventricle
Right atrium → Left atrium → Right ventricle → Left ventricle
Right atrium → Pulmonary vein → Right ventricle → Left ventricle
Right atrium → Lungs → Right ventricle → Left atrium → Left ventricle
Which of the following best describes the role of nitroglycerin in cardiac emergencies?
It increases heart rate
It dilates blood vessels to improve blood flow to the heart
It thickens the blood
It decreases oxygen supply
During CPR, what is the recommended depth of chest compressions for an adult?
About 1 inch
About 2 inches
About 3 inches
About 4 inches
Why is oxygen administered to patients experiencing cardiac emergencies?
To slow the heart rate
To increase oxygen delivery to tissues
To decrease blood pressure
To prevent clot formation
Which of the following is a sign that a patient may be experiencing angina rather than an acute myocardial infarction?
Pain is relieved by rest or nitroglycerin
Pain lasts longer than 30 minutes
Pain is accompanied by loss of consciousness
Pain is always associated with vomiting
A patient presents with chest pain, shortness of breath, and sweating. What is the most appropriate initial action?
Give them water
Call emergency services and begin assessment
Ask them to walk around
Ignore the symptoms
If a patient is unresponsive and not breathing, what is the next step after calling for help?
Place them in the recovery position
Begin chest compressions
Give them food
Wait for emergency services
A patient with a history of angina is experiencing chest pain that does not improve after three doses of nitroglycerin. What should you suspect?
The pain is due to indigestion
The patient may be experiencing an acute myocardial infarction
The patient is faking the pain
The pain will resolve on its own
You are the first responder to a cardiac emergency. The patient is conscious but complaining of chest pain. What evidence-based steps should you take before EMS arrives?
Give them water and keep them moving
Keep them calm, administer baby aspirin if not allergic, and monitor vital signs
Ignore the pain and wait for EMS
Ask them to stand up and walk
A patient collapses and is found to be pulseless and not breathing. After starting CPR, what is the next strategic step if an AED is available?
Continue CPR without using the AED
Use the AED as soon as possible and follow its prompts
Wait for EMS before using the AED
Stop CPR and check for a pulse
Compare the use of oxygen, nitroglycerin, and baby aspirin in the emergency treatment of chest pain. Which combination is most appropriate for a suspected heart attack?
Oxygen only
Nitroglycerin and baby aspirin only
Oxygen, nitroglycerin, and baby aspirin together
Baby aspirin only
A patient with chest pain describes the pain as pressure that radiates to the left arm and is not relieved by rest. What reasoning supports the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction over angina?
The pain is mild and intermittent
The pain is severe, persistent, and radiates, which are classic signs of AMI
The pain is relieved by nitroglycerin
The pain is associated with exercise only
What does the P in O, P, Q, R, S, T stand for?
Prevention
Provocation
Previous Medical History
Previous Medication Intake
What is the most common cause of angina?
Exertion
Heat
Occurs without cause
Complete blockage
What does the L in SAMPLE stand for?
Latest Event
Last Oral Intake
Last Bowel Movement
Location of Pain
Which of the following is an example of a tachycardic heart rate?
135bpm
100bpm
67bpm
63bpm
What is the normal SPO2 level?
<80%
90-100%
95-100%
>95%
Draw the locations where the leads would be placed for an EKG.
Select the spots that represent the atria of the heart
Select the spots that represent the Ventricles of the heart
Select the spots that represent the vena cavae
Label the diagram with the correct terms
Left Ventricle
L Papillary Muscles
L Chordae Tendonae
Left Atrium
Right Ventricle
R Papillary Muscles
R Chordae Tendonae
Right Atrim
What does the S in SAMPLE stand for?
(a)
General Hospital Nuclear Cardiology Center Stress Test Imaging Report
Patient Name: SALLY SMITH
Procedure: MYOCARDIAL IMAGING, SPECT
Procedure Date: 14-APR-2019
Date of Birth: 21-OCT-1971
Ref Physician: TOM JONES, MD
CLINICAL HISTORY:
Family history of CAD. Ex-smoker, palpitations. Sudden onset of SSCP and shortness of breath with
radiation to back and down both arms at rest.
INDICATION(S):
Diagnosis of ischemia.
MEDICATIONS:
ASA, Premarin.
PROCEDURE:
The patient underwent a 99mTc sestamibi exercise treadmill stress test using standard Bruce protocol
[patient must get to 85% of maximum heart rate for age]. Sestamibi at 8 am.
302MBq [radioactive dose] 99mTc sestamibi was injected intravenously at peak exercise and
tomographic imaging data acquired. Additional data were acquired following intravenous injection
of another 893MBq 99mTc sestamibi at rest on the same day.
ENDPOINT(S):
Exercise was limited by fatigue. Chest pain did not occur.
REST ECG:
The baseline cardiac rhythm was normal sinus rhythm. The rest electrocardiogram revealed
nonspecific ST segment and T-wave abnormalities.
STRESS ECG:
No ST segment changes were observed during this test.
Arrhythmias: None.
STRESS TEST COMMENTS
Negative for ischemia.
CONCLUSIONS:
The patient has excellent exercise capacity. The ECG response to stress was negative for ischemia.
The perfusion images show equivocal mild anterior ischemia.
What is causing Ms Smith's substernal chest pain and shortness of breath?
(a)
What is the cause of the issue in number 24?
General Hospital Nuclear Cardiology Center Stress Test Imaging Report
Patient Name: SALLY SMITH
Procedure: MYOCARDIAL IMAGING, SPECT
Procedure Date: 14-APR-2019
Date of Birth: 21-OCT-1971
Ref Physician: TOM JONES, MD
CLINICAL HISTORY:
Family history of CAD. Ex-smoker, palpitations. Sudden onset of SSCP and shortness of breath with
radiation to back and down both arms at rest.
INDICATION(S):
Diagnosis of ischemia.
MEDICATIONS:
ASA, Premarin.
PROCEDURE:
The patient underwent a 99mTc sestamibi exercise treadmill stress test using standard Bruce protocol
[patient must get to 85% of maximum heart rate for age]. Sestamibi at 8 am.
302MBq [radioactive dose] 99mTc sestamibi was injected intravenously at peak exercise and
tomographic imaging data acquired. Additional data were acquired following intravenous injection
of another 893MBq 99mTc sestamibi at rest on the same day.
ENDPOINT(S):
Exercise was limited by fatigue. Chest pain did not occur.
REST ECG:
The baseline cardiac rhythm was normal sinus rhythm. The rest electrocardiogram revealed
nonspecific ST segment and T-wave abnormalities.
STRESS ECG:
No ST segment changes were observed during this test.
Arrhythmias: None.
STRESS TEST COMMENTS
Negative for ischemia.
CONCLUSIONS:
The patient has excellent exercise capacity. The ECG response to stress was negative for ischemia.
The perfusion images show equivocal mild anterior ischemia.
What is causing Ms Smith's substernal chest pain and shortness of breath?
(a)
What is the cause of the issue in number 24?
Which component of blood is primarily responsible for transporting oxygen?
White blood cells
Platelets
Red blood cells
Plasma
What is the name of the blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart?
Veins
Capillaries
Arteries
Venules
Which part of the blood is responsible for clotting?
Plasma
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
What is the primary function of white blood cells?
To carry oxygen
To fight infections
To transport nutrients
To remove waste
Which blood vessel type has the thinnest walls, allowing for exchange of substances between blood and tissues?
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
Arterioles
What is the liquid component of blood called?
Plasma
Hemoglobin
Serum
Lymph
_______________allows a cardiac muscle cell to contract spontaneously without a stimulus from a nerve source.
repetition
reactivity
automaticity
autonomy
the only vein(s) in the body that carry oxygenated blood is/are the:
external jugular veins
pulmonary veins
subclavian veins
inferior vena cava
to assess chest pain, use the mnemonic:
AVPU
OPQRST
SAMPLE
CHART
What lead is this?
V4
V3
V5
V2
risk factors for myocardial infarction include all of the following EXCEPT:
male gender
high blood pressure
stress
increased activity level
when, for a brief period of time, heart tissues do not get enough oxygen, the pain is called:
AMI
angina
ischemical
CAD
when administering nitroglycerin to a patient, you should make sure the patient has not taken any medications for _______________in the last 24 hours
angina
erectile dysfunction
migraine headaches
gallbladder dysfunction
