WorksheetsLearning Objectives: Neurologic Emergencies
Total questions: 87
Worksheet time: 44mins
Which of the following is a component of the neurologic examination?
Mentation
Respiration
Digestion
Circulation
Fill in the blank: ________ is a component of the neurologic examination that involves observing how a patient walks and stands.
Gait and posture
Cranial nerve assessment
Reflex testing
Sensory evaluation
Which nerves are assessed as part of the neurologic examination?
Cranial nerves (CNs)
Spinal nerves
Peripheral nerves
Autonomic nerves
Fill in the blank: ________ reactions are evaluated during a neurologic examination to assess the body's response to changes in position.
Postural reactions
Reflex reactions
Motor reactions
Sensory reactions
Spinal reflexes are not part of the neurologic examination.
True
False
Neurolocalization is also known as ________.
neuroanatomic diagnosis
neuropathic syndrome
neurophysiological mapping
neurogenetic analysis
The findings of the neurologic examination result in which process?
Neurolocalization
Diagnosis
Treatment planning
Prognostication
Neurolocalization considers which aspects of the patient?
Patient's signalment and history
Patient's dietary preferences
Patient's vaccination schedule
Patient's exercise routine
What does neurolocalization allow the medical team to generate?
A list of differential diagnosis
A treatment plan for all diseases
A list of medications for the patient
A schedule for follow-up appointments
After generating a list of differential diagnosis, what is the next step in neurolocalization?
A diagnostic and treatment plan
Repeat the differential diagnosis
Ignore the findings and proceed
Start empirical treatment without further investigation
Fill in the blank: It is important to take a _______ history when assessing a patient's neurologic state.
meticulous
brief
casual
random
Who is usually the first observer of changes in a patient's neurologic state?
The veterinarian
The veterinary technician
The pet owner
The nurse
Fill in the blank: When taking a thorough history, you should carefully _______ the patient.
observe
ignore
interrupt
rush
Fill in the blank: Physically test the _______ and responses of the patient when taking a thorough history.
reflexes
temperature
weight
pulse
Fill in the blank: Attempt to localize the problem to a specific _______ region within the nervous system.
anatomic
chemical
genetic
metabolic
Which of the following is a main cause of acute episodes of animals behaving strangely?
Intoxications
Viral infections
Physical injuries
Allergies
Which of the following is a main cause of acute episodes of animals behaving strangely?
Seizures
Bacterial infections
Dehydration
Malnutrition
Which of the following is a main cause of acute episodes of animals behaving strangely?
Metabolic illnesses
Heart disease
Parasites
Trauma
Acute episodes of animals behaving strangely originate in the _______.
brain
heart
lungs
stomach
Which type of seizure is characterized by rigidity?
Tonic
Clonic
Atonic
Myoclonic
Which type of seizure involves the whole body shaking?
Clonic
Tonic
Absence
Myoclonic
Which type of seizure is described as 'without tone'?
Atonic
Tonic
Clonic
Absence
Which type of seizure is more like muscle tremors?
Myoclonic
Tonic
Clonic
Absence
Which type of seizure has no outward signs?
Absence
Tonic
Clonic
Myoclonic
Which of the following is a type of focal seizure?
Grand mal seizure
Petit mal seizure
Status epilepticus
Absence seizure
What are some signs of petit mal and simple/complex partial seizures?
Fly biting
Ear twitching
Blinking
All of the above
Grand mal seizures are classified under which type of seizures?
Generalized seizures
Partial seizures
Absence seizures
Focal seizures
Status epilepticus is defined as seizure activity continuing for ______ minutes.
20
5
10
30
A patient is considered to be in status epilepticus after how many minutes of seizure activity?
2 minutes
1 minute
5 minutes
10 minutes
Vestibular disorders often present as emergencies because of alarming clinical signs.
True
False
Are vestibular disorders rarely life threatening?
True
False
What is the most common vestibular syndrome in old dogs?
Idiopathic old dog (geriatric) vestibular syndrome
Central vestibular syndrome
Peripheral vestibular syndrome due to otitis interna
Vestibular syndrome secondary to neoplasia
Which of the following is NOT listed as a vestibular disorder?
Feline idiopathic vestibular syndrome
Otitis media/interna
Horner’s syndrome
Diabetes mellitus
Name one vestibular disorder that affects cats.
Feline idiopathic vestibular syndrome
Feline diabetes mellitus
Feline asthma
Feline hyperthyroidism
Otitis media/interna is a type of vestibular disorder.
True
False
What are common causes of emergency presentations of central vestibular syndromes in dogs?
Cerebrovascular accidents (strokes)
Encephalitis (inflammatory brain disease)
Both A and B
None of the above
A stroke patient will begin to recover in ______ days.
2 to 3
5 to 7
10 to 15
20 to 30
Which condition requires much more aggressive diagnostic tests and therapy in dogs?
Stroke
Encephalitis
Both
Neither
What is proprioceptive ataxia? Fill in the blank: Proprioceptive ataxia is a condition in which the animal does not know the location of its ______ or body in space.
paws
ears
tail
fur
How is loss of nociception tested in animals? Fill in the blank: Loss of nociception is tested by clamping on a toe with a pair of ______; observe head for reaction.
hemostats
forceps
scissors
tweezers
Causes of spinal cord injury can be divided into which two categories? Choose the correct answer:
Intrinsic versus extrinsic
Acute versus chronic
Internal versus external
Primary versus secondary
Fill in the blank: One way that a disc can impinge upon a spinal cord is through __________ changes affecting the nucleus pulposus.
Degenerative changes
Inflammatory changes
Vascular changes
Traumatic changes
Fill in the blank: One way that a disc can impinge upon a spinal cord is degeneration that involves a weakening and thickening of the __________.
annulus fibrosus
nucleus pulposus
vertebral body
spinal canal
Fill in the blank: One way that a disc can impinge upon a spinal cord is acute __________ extrusion.
nucleus pulposus
ligamentum flavum
annulus fibrosus
vertebral body
Peripheral nervous system emergencies often present with which of the following symptoms?
Fever
Weakness
Rash
Headache
Peripheral nervous system emergencies can be life threatening if which muscles become paralyzed?
Cardiac muscles
Respiratory muscles
Skeletal muscles
Smooth muscles
Acquired myasthenia gravis is immune mediated and results from antibodies generated against the ______ receptors on a muscle’s surface at the neuromuscular junction.
acetylcholine
dopamine
serotonin
histamine
Which of the following is NOT a type of acquired myasthenia gravis?
Focal
Generalized
Fulminant
Chronic
Acquired myasthenia gravis is caused by antibodies against acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction.
True
False
Peripheral Nervous System Emergencies: Polyradiculoneuritis may also be seen in both ______ and ______.
dogs and cats
horses and cows
birds and reptiles
sheep and goats
Peripheral Nervous System Emergencies: Tick paralysis is more commonly seen in ______ than ______.
dogs; cats
cats; dogs
horses; cows
cows; horses
Peripheral Nervous System Emergencies: Botulism causes rapidly ascending motor paralysis in dogs resulting from ingestion of botulinum toxin produced by ______ type C.
Clostridium botulinum
Staphylococcus aureus
Escherichia coli
Salmonella enterica
Which of the following statements is true about head trauma?
It is very rare
It is fairly common
It never occurs with car accidents
It only affects children
Head trauma is usually associated with a history of being hit by a car or other object.
True
False
Actual neurologic exam findings will depend on the ______ of brain injury.
site
severity
duration
type
Brain injury occurs in two stages: primary brain injury as a direct result of trauma, and secondary injury as a ______.
sequel
cause
remedy
prevention
Which of the following is a direct result of trauma in brain injury?
Secondary injury
Primary brain injury
Chronic injury
None of the above
Secondary injury in brain trauma occurs as a:
Direct result of trauma
Sequel
Initial event
None of the above
What type of disease is Rabies?
Bacterial infection
Viral encephalitis
Fungal infection
Parasitic infection
Rabies presents a zoonotic risk to humans.
True
False
Which of the following is NOT an initial clinical sign of Rabies?
A) Anorexia
B) Vomiting
C) Hypersalivation
D) Skin rash
Fill in the blank: Initial clinical signs of Rabies are _________.
nonspecific
severe
specific
chronic
Which of the following is a possible form of Rabies?
Furious form
Dumb form
Both A and B
None of the above
Name one initial clinical sign of Rabies.
Behavior or temperament changes
Lameness
Skin rash
Coughing
Fill in the blank: One of the components of history taking is the history of _________
chief complaint
physical examination
laboratory findings
treatment plan
Fill in the blank: Medical history includes reproductive status and copies of _________
vaccinations
prescriptions
x-rays
insurance forms
Which of the following is included in medical history?
Environmental history
Reproductive status
Chief complaint
None of the above
Fill in the blank: Another component of history taking is ________ history.
Environmental
Physical
Social
Medical
Which of the following is indicated to stop seizure activity in an emergency?
Antibiotics
Emergency treatment
Dehydration therapy
Nausea medication
High-frequency seizures should be treated _________
aggressively
slowly
casually
sporadically
The therapeutic approach for seizures depends on whether these are the patient's first seizures or if epilepsy has been previously diagnosed.
True
False
Emergency treatment for vestibular disorders may be required to treat which of the following?
Seizure activity
Dehydration
Epilepsy
Aggression
Which of the following can be treated with antibiotics in the context of vestibular disorders?
Seizure activity
Nausea
Dehydration
Vestibular disorders
What is the first step in managing a spinal cord injury according to the slide?
Provide analgesia
Complete neurologic examination
Use corticosteroids
Test nociception
If there is no voluntary movement in a patient with spinal cord injury, what should be tested?
Pain threshold
Nociception
Reflexes
Corticosteroid response
Analgesia should be provided if the patient with spinal cord injury is in pain.
True
False
The use of corticosteroids in spinal cord injury is universally recommended.
True
False
What is the first concern in peripheral nervous system emergencies?
Pain management
Respiratory stability
Feeding position
Nursing care
Patients with megaesophagus should be fed in the ______ position.
upright
supine
prone
lateral
No specific treatment requirements exist for peripheral nervous system emergencies beyond supportive nursing care.
True
False
Head trauma is often accompanied by ________ injuries.
systemic
localized
chronic
minor
Which therapy is used to reduce increased ICP and improve cerebral blood flow in head trauma?
Steroids
Mannitol
Antibiotics
Oxygen
Mechanical ________ may be required in cases of head trauma.
ventilation
suction
hydration
immobilization
Steroids are sometimes used as a ________ resort in head trauma.
last
first
common
primary
Rabies diagnosis is confirmed by ________ confirmation.
laboratory
clinical
radiological
surgical
Is there a treatment for rabies?
Yes
No
What should be done to unvaccinated exposed animals in cases of rabies?
They should be euthanized.
They should be isolated for 10 days.
They should be given antibiotics.
They should be vaccinated immediately.
