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SOL Review NYR-Aug24

Total questions: 96

Worksheet time: 48mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Homeostasis in single-celled organisms is maintained through the proper functioning of

a)

organelles

b)

estrogen

c)

guard cells

d)

antibodies

2.

In a stable ecosystem, each niche is usually occupied by only one species. The species occupying a particular niche is able to continue to remain there as a direct result of

a)

ecological succession

b)

favorable adaptations

c)

a new mutation

d)

selective breeding

3.

When exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light, human skin cells produce the protein melanin. This protein helps protect skin cells from damage caused by UV light. This is an example of

a)

a gene that cannot be passed on to offspring

b)

natural selection producing a new species

c)

sexual reproduction that will produce variation

d)

environmental factors affecting gene expression

4.

The human pancreas contains cells that secrete insulin. Only these cells produce insulin because

a)

cells eliminate the parts of the genetic code they do not use

b)

all other cells lack the genes for insulin production

c)

different cells use different parts of the genetic information that they contain

d)

they are the only cells associated with the digestion of sugar

5.

In humans, two organ systems work together to move oxygen throughout the body and deliver it to cells. Which system directly delivers oxygen to body cells?

a)

nervous

b)

digestive

c)

respiratory

d)

circulatory

6.

Currently, turtle populations are decreasing. In September 2018, a scientist stated that turtles contribute to the health of many environments, and the decline of the turtles may lead to negative effects on other species. Which statement best summarizes the scientist’s statement?

a)

Living organisms interact with and are dependent on their environment and each other.

b)

Turtles are very large animals and thus have a negative effect on their environment wherever they live.

c)

If organisms have a negative effect on their environment, there is probably a technological fix available.

d)

The decline of the turtles will not really matter because relatively few humans rely on them for food.

7.

Which set of substances are molecular building blocks that directly form some of the complex organic molecules present in humans?

a)

water and oxygen

b)

starch and nitrogen

c)

carbon dioxide and proteins

d)

glucose and amino acids

8.

The diagram below represents a process that occurs in many cells. The main function of this process is to

a)

produce variations in cells before asexual reproduction

b)

synthesize antigens needed to combat immunity

c)

provide exact copies of the genetic code before cell division

d)

make proteins needed for cellular metabolism

9.

Which interaction is an example of competition between two species?

a)

mice and chipmunks eating sunflower seeds at a bird feeder

b)

mold growing on a tree that has fallen in the forest

c)

a coyote feeding on the remains of a squirrel killed on the road

d)

a lion stalking, killing, and eating a zebra

10.

One important reason that humans have such a significant effect on Earth’s ecosystems is that humans

a)

remove large amounts of carbon dioxide from the air

b)

are able to increase the amount of finite resources

c)

can modify the environment through technology

d)

reproduce faster than other animal species

11.

Mutations can be beneficial to a species because they

a)

can lead to some members of a species having favorable traits in a changing environment

b)

allow organisms to mate with other species

c)

will lead to the loss of traits that are helpful in a specific environment

d)

cause the reproductive rate of a species to decrease

12.

Within ten years after the introduction of a new mosquito spray, very few of the descendants of the targeted mosquito populations were killed by the usual dose of the spray. The best explanation for this is that

a)

ingesting the spray caused the mosquitoes to become resistant to it

b)

the spray polluted the water in which the mosquitoes deposited their eggs

c)

the spray killed organisms that caused diseases in mosquitoes

d)

existing variations in the mosquito population provided resistance to the spray

13.

Once implanted into a recipient, bioengineered blood vessels made from a plastic-like material become covered with the recipient’s own cells. An advantage of using these bioengineered vessels is that

a)

they contain antibodies that will block an immune response

b)

viruses and bacteria will not infect the cells on these blood vessels

c)

they do not trigger an immune response

d)

the engineered blood vessels can be inherited by future generations

14.

Which statement best explains how the message is delivered, even though these cells are not physically connected with each other?

a)

The cells communicate with the use of chemical messengers between them.

b)

The cells send messages by direct contact with other types of cells.

c)

Nutrients are the primary means of communication between cells.

d)

Ribosomes move out of one nerve cell into the other.

15.

A saltwater aquarium contained a variety of saltwater fish and plants. Members of a species of small fish from a freshwater stream were accidentally added to the saltwater tank. Within an hour, all of the fish that were added were dead, while the saltwater fish were still healthy. The freshwater fish most likely died because they

a)

became severely dehydrated due to the process of diffusion

b)

swelled up and died due to taking in too much water

c)

had no freshwater organisms to eat in the saltwater tank, so they died of starvation

d)

ate all of the plants in the tank, so there was no longer oxygen in the water

16.

An energy pyramid containing green plants and other organisms from a food chain is represented below. Herbivores would most likely be located in

a)

level I, only

b)

level II, only

c)

level III, only

d)

level I and level II

17.

The axolotl, also known as the Mexican walking fish, can regenerate parts of its body, such as a leg or a tail. The regeneration of these parts involves the process of

a)

biotechnology

b)

selective breeding

c)

mitotic cell division

d)

fertilization

18.

Which would most likely control an insect pest and be the least harmful to the environment?

a)

eliminating the plants that the insect pest feeds on

b)

using traps baited with sex hormones that attract the insect pest

c)

releasing imported insects that prey on the insect pest

d)

spraying areas with insecticides that affect the insect pest

19.

Which statement concerning the functioning of cells is correct?

a)

Mitochondria transfer energy from organic compounds to form ATP molecules.

b)

Vacuoles are the sites of DNA synthesis.

c)

The nucleus stores genes that will later be removed from the cell.

d)

The cell membrane prevents the diffusion of all poisons into a cell from its environment.

20.

What is most likely expected to occur to this ecosystem in the future?

a)

The ecosystem will eventually restore itself, but will be very different from the original.

b)

The ecosystem will eventually restore itself and will be similar to the original.

c)

The ecosystem will be completely reestablished after six months.

d)

The ecosystem will be unable to reach a state of stability again.

21.

The kittens shown below were born in the same litter. Kittens in the same litter often have similar characteristics, such as fur texture and markings, because they

a)

were fed milk from the same mother

b)

developed in the same environment

c)

inherited similar genes

d)

were born at the same time

22.

Damage to which structure would directly interfere with the nutritional needs of a developing embryo?

a)

ovary

b)

testes

c)

lungs

d)

placenta

23.

The body's inability to regulate blood pH could affect

a)

enzymes that function within the circulatory system

b)

red blood cells’ ability to fight infections

c)

white blood cells’ ability to carry oxygen to the body

d)

DNA that controls starch digestion in the circulatory system

24.

Test anxiety and stress can trigger many responses in the human body. It can stimulate increased heart and respiratory rates and increased sweating. These physical responses to increased stress are examples of

a)

competition

b)

infections

c)

gene manipulation

d)

feedback mechanisms

25.

A self-sustaining ecosystem in a glass tank must include

a)

producers, decomposers, light, and water

b)

herbivores, consumers, decomposers, and water

c)

decomposers, heterotrophs, light, water, and carbon

d)

heterotrophs, water, and carbon dioxide

26.

Scientists examined 39 tree species from warm and cold areas of Earth, and found that the trees were able to regulate their leaf temperatures, keeping them about 21°C. This meant that the leaves were able to be cooler than their environment in warm areas, but warmer than the environment in cool areas. This is an example of

a)

maintaining homeostasis by responding to environmental change

b)

controlling carbon dioxide release during daylight hours

c)

decreasing evaporation for cooling during evening hours

d)

failing to respond to environmental conditions

27.

The diagram below represents a food web. A Meadow Environment Two carnivores represented in this food web are

a)

deer and mice

b)

grasses and grasshoppers

c)

deer and wolves

d)

toads and snakes

28.

A sea slug found along the eastern coast of North America is known to have an interesting relationship with algae. The sea slug incorporates part of the algae into its tissues. This allows the sea slug to directly use energy from the Sun. Which structures from the algae would the sea slug need to take in to accomplish this?

a)

nuclei

b)

mitochondria

c)

chloroplasts

d)

ribosomes

29.

Which three processes usually result in the greatest variety of possible gene combinations?

a)

mutation, meiosis, and fertilization

b)

differentiation, mitosis, and fertilization

c)

cloning, meiosis, and fertilization

d)

differentiation, mutation, and fertilization

30.

All the genetic information necessary for the growth and development in a sexually reproducing animal is present in

a)

egg cells, only

b)

sperm cells, only

c)

either sperm cells or egg cells

d)

zygotes

31.

In order to support the claim that the pollinators of the Venus flytrap are mostly flying insects, the researchers would

a)

publish the study immediately and ask other researchers to support their claim

b)

expand the study to other Venus flytrap habitats and determine the number of flying and nonflying insect remains found in the plants there

c)

continue to study the insects found in the Venus flytraps in the research area, but only record the number of insects without wings

d)

compare the kinds of insect bodies with and without wings found in pitcher plants, a plant similar to the Venus flytrap, with the kinds of insects found in the original study

32.

In an experiment using a particular frog species, nuclei were removed from the intestinal cells of tadpoles and transplanted into eggs whose nuclei had been removed. A small number of these eggs developed into normal frogs. This suggests that the nuclei of tadpole intestinal cells

a)

can undergo meiosis and form gametes

b)

contain all of the genetic information needed for frog development

c)

will undergo mitosis and form a new zygote

d)

fused with the frog genes already present in the zygotes

33.

Which graph would most accurately represent the relationship between the four kinds of bases found in DNA?

a)

Graph 1: All four bases have equal number of bases

b)

Graph 2: Two bases have higher numbers, two have lower

c)

Graph 3: One base has much higher number, others lower

d)

Graph 4: Two bases have equal higher numbers, two have equal lower numbers

34.

The graph below shows the acid tolerance of nine species living in water at different pH values. Which statement best represents the information shown in the graph?

a)

(1) Frogs tolerate more acidic conditions than the other organisms.

b)

(2) All nine species survive equally well in the same habitat, regardless of acidity.

c)

(3) Perch are more sensitive to acidic conditions than are snails.

d)

(4) Mayfly larvae and trout are equally sensitive to acidity.

35.

Which statement best describes these camel characteristics?

a)

Natural selection favored other characteristics over the ones listed.

b)

The listed characteristics are the result of manipulating genes in female camels.

c)

These characteristics have adaptive value for the camel.

d)

Camels have these characteristics because they needed them.

36.

Decreases in soil, air, and water quality can result from human activities that have

a)

negatively influenced these resources by removing pollutants

b)

modified natural cycles, increasing the quality of these resources

c)

resulted in an increase in the stability of these resources

d)

had a negative influence on the natural systems that maintain these resources

37.

Current evidence has indicated that with an increase in global temperature, there will be more infectious and respiratory diseases. Worldwide efforts to slow down or halt the rise in temperature are being developed to

a)

increase the strain on the biosphere, resulting in the destruction of ecosystems

b)

introduce proposals that will limit the improvement of air, soil, and water quality

c)

protect resources for future generations

d)

increase the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere

38.

Which sequence represents the correct interaction of organelles and processes for the synthesis of proteins?

a)

nucleus → amino acid bonding → ribosomes → gene codes

b)

ribosomes → nucleus → gene codes → amino acid bonding

c)

ribosomes → gene codes → amino acid bonding → nucleus

d)

nucleus → gene codes → ribosomes → amino acid bonding

39.

What would occur if both structures labeled B were damaged or blocked?

a)

The egg would remain in the uterus and not travel to the ovary.

b)

The egg would not be able to unite with the sperm.

c)

The reproductive cycle in the female would stop.

d)

The process of mitosis would stop in the ovary.

40.

Identify the structure that supports the development of the fetus and is also influenced by hormones.

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

41.

Based on this and other similar studies involving newborns, medical professionals recommend that pregnant women avoid secondhand smoke because chemicals in the smoke

a)

cause mutations in the cells of the ovaries

b)

affect the growth of the fetus

c)

are unable to pass through the placenta

d)

decrease digestion in the stomach of the fetus

42.

The graph below shows the daily rates of water loss in various plant species. Even though these plants grow in different environments, they most likely control water loss through

a)

the synthesis of proteins in their roots

b)

the functioning of the cell membranes in their flowers

c)

the actions of the guard cells in their leaves

d)

the storage of glucose in the vacuoles in their stems

43.

The graph below represents the white-tailed deer population in a certain area of New York State during two different years (A and B). One reason that the population of deer is greater during Year B than during Year A could be that, during Year B, there were fewer

a)

resources available

b)

decomposers adding nutrients to the soil

c)

white-tail deer predators present

d)

white-tail deer born

44.

According to the data table, in which year did the United States have the highest number of measles cases?

a)

2010

b)

2014

c)

2018

d)

2019

45.

Fill in the blank: In 2014, the number of measles cases in the United States was _______.

a)

667

b)

1,234

c)

432

d)

89

46.

Base your answer to this question on the information and data table below and on your knowledge of biology. Measles is a serious viral infection that can be fatal in small children. Before the measles vaccination program started in 1963, about 3 to 4 million people in the United States got measles each year. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) set a goal to eliminate measles from the United States through the widespread use of a highly effective measles vaccine, programs to encourage the vaccination of all children, and a public health system to respond to measles outbreaks. In 2000, the CDC declared that measles was eliminated from the United States. However, measles remains present in many other countries and can be brought into the United States by unvaccinated travelers. True or False: The number of measles cases in the United States was lower in 2012 than in 2016.

a)

True

b)

False

47.

Which of the following best explains why measles cases can still occur in the United States after it was declared eliminated in 2000?

a)

The measles virus mutated in the United States

b)

Measles can be brought into the United States by unvaccinated travelers

c)

The vaccine is no longer effective

d)

Measles is only present in the United States

48.

One reason why vaccination programs are important for public health is:

a)

They help prevent the spread of infectious diseases.

b)

They guarantee that no one will ever get sick.

c)

They eliminate the need for personal hygiene.

d)

They only benefit individuals, not communities.

49.

Fill in the blank: The measles vaccination program in the United States started in _______.

a)

1963

b)

1955

c)

1971

d)

1980

50.

Mark an appropriate scale on the axis labeled 'Number of Measles Cases.' Which of the following is the most suitable scale to use for the bar graph?

a)

0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50

b)

0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500

c)

0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

d)

0, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000

51.

Directions (44–45): Using the information given in the data table, what type of graph should you construct on the grid provided?

a)

Bar graph

b)

Pie chart

c)

Line graph

d)

Scatter plot

52.

Explain why the protection provided by some vaccines can last a lifetime.

a)

Because they stimulate the production of memory cells that provide long-term immunity.

b)

Because vaccines are administered every year.

c)

Because the body forgets the pathogen after vaccination.

d)

Because vaccines only work for a short period.

53.

Based on the data, students noticed that there was a large increase in the number of measles cases in 2014. Which statement best explains the research the students might do to state a claim about the cause of this increase?

a)

Determine if the outbreak that occurred in 2014 occurred in unvaccinated people.

b)

Check if the virus mutated, resulting in a decrease in the number of people infected with measles.

c)

Investigate the vaccine that children received in 2014 to see if it mutated.

d)

Test the measles virus to determine if it developed resistance to antibiotics.

54.

While measles was once declared eliminated in the United States, the CDC continues to recommend that children receive the measles vaccine because:

a)

measles can still be imported from other countries and cause outbreaks

b)

the vaccine is required for all childhood diseases

c)

measles is no longer a threat anywhere in the world

d)

the vaccine is only effective in adults

55.

A person refuses to get the measles vaccine because they claim that the vaccination will cause them to develop the measles. This claim is unsupported because the measles vaccination contains only

a)

(1) antibodies to fight the flu, not the actual flu virus

b)

(2) the chicken pox virus, not the measles virus

c)

(3) the active measles virus that stimulates the immune system to make measles antigens

d)

(4) parts of the measles virus that triggers the immune system to fight the measles

56.

According to the graph, what is the minimum amount of folate needed to reduce the risk of neural tube defects to 10 or less per 10,000 births?

a)

800 nmol/L

b)

890 nmol/L

c)

1000 nmol/L

d)

1400 nmol/L

57.

By what week should women have the optimal amount of folic acid in their diet?

a)

By the 4th week of pregnancy

b)

By the 12th week of pregnancy

c)

By the 20th week of pregnancy

d)

By the 8th week of pregnancy

58.

Identify an organism in this food web that carries out autotrophic nutrition.

a)

Grass

b)

Rabbit

c)

Snake

d)

Hawk

59.

A decrease in the population of mice would not necessarily result in an increase in rabbits because:

a)

rabbits and mice may not compete for the same resources

b)

rabbits always depend on mice for food

c)

a decrease in mice always leads to a decrease in all other animals

d)

rabbits and mice are always predators of each other

60.

Identify one specific process carried on by plants that requires relatively large amounts of water. Support your answer.

a)

Photosynthesis

b)

Respiration

c)

Seed dispersal

d)

Pollination

61.

A lack of oxygen in the soil would likely interfere with the ability of root cells to carry out active transport because:

a)

oxygen is required for cellular respiration, which provides the energy for active transport.

b)

oxygen directly transports nutrients into root cells.

c)

oxygen prevents water loss from root cells during active transport.

d)

oxygen is needed for passive diffusion in root cells.

62.

One advantage of raising fish in a fish farm is:

a)

It allows for controlled breeding and growth of fish.

b)

It increases the risk of fish diseases.

c)

It reduces the quality of fish produced.

d)

It makes fish more expensive to buy.

63.

One concern that individuals might have as the number of fish farms increase is:

a)

Increased water pollution

b)

Improved water quality

c)

Decrease in fish consumption

d)

Reduction in fish prices

64.

Increasing or decreasing the temperature of the water in the fish farm could have negative effects on other organisms in the area of the farm because:

a)

It can disrupt the local ecosystem and harm temperature-sensitive species.

b)

It will always improve the health of all organisms nearby.

c)

It has no effect on other organisms in the area.

d)

It only affects the fish in the farm and not other organisms.

65.

Based on the passage 'Monarch Butterfly Decline', by what percentage have monarch butterfly populations fallen in less than 20 years?

a)

90%

b)

50%

c)

30%

d)

10%

66.

According to the passage 'Monarch Butterfly Decline', what is one reason for the decrease in monarch butterfly numbers?

a)

The increased planting of genetically modified (GM) crops that are resistant to weed killers containing glyphosate, leading to the killing of milkweed plants.

b)

A rise in monarch butterfly predators due to climate change.

c)

The introduction of new flowering plants that compete with milkweed.

d)

A decrease in rainfall causing fewer flowers to bloom.

67.

Refer to the diagram of the monarch butterfly life cycle. List the correct order of the stages shown:

a)

Egg, Larva, Chrysalis, Adult

b)

Egg, Chrysalis, Larva, Adult

c)

Larva, Egg, Chrysalis, Adult

d)

Chrysalis, Egg, Larva, Adult

68.

Explain how the use of weed killers containing glyphosate is responsible for a decrease in the size of monarch populations.

a)

Glyphosate kills milkweed, the main food source for monarch caterpillars, reducing their population.

b)

Glyphosate increases the number of predators of monarch butterflies.

c)

Glyphosate directly poisons adult monarch butterflies.

d)

Glyphosate improves the habitat for monarch butterflies, increasing their population.

69.

Large areas of flowering plants along monarchs' migratory pathways are important to their survival because:

a)

they provide nectar for energy after overwintering and during migration.

b)

they offer shelter from predators.

c)

they help monarchs reach sexual maturity before migration.

d)

they reduce the distance monarchs need to travel.

70.

Explain how there can be large concentrations of the toxic chemicals from milkweed in adult monarch butterflies when they do not eat milkweed.

a)

Adult monarch butterflies retain toxic chemicals from milkweed that they consumed as caterpillars.

b)

Monarch butterflies absorb toxins from the air as adults.

c)

Adult monarch butterflies produce toxic chemicals themselves.

d)

Monarch butterflies get toxins from drinking nectar.

71.

Based on the passage, what was the main reason Phragmites was able to invade the Saratoga Creek salt marsh?

a)

The marsh was high in salt

b)

The marsh was low in salt

c)

The marsh was dry

d)

The marsh was crowded with native plants

72.

According to the graph, the average height of Phragmites in the year 1999 was approximately ____ cm.

a)

200 cm

b)

100 cm

c)

300 cm

d)

400 cm

73.

Based on the information and the graph, one effect the restoration project had on the average height of Phragmites in the Saratoga Creek salt marsh was:

a)

The average height of Phragmites decreased after the restoration project.

b)

The average height of Phragmites increased after the restoration project.

c)

The average height of Phragmites remained the same after the restoration project.

d)

The average height of Phragmites fluctuated unpredictably after the restoration project.

74.

State one likely hypothesis that the scientists and students were testing in the studies of the Saratoga Creek marsh.

a)

Scientists and students were testing whether restoration efforts improve marsh biodiversity.

b)

Scientists and students were testing if marshes can survive without water.

c)

Scientists and students were testing whether marshes can be used for farming.

d)

Scientists and students were testing if marshes are unaffected by pollution.

75.

Describe the pattern in the data of the Average Height of Phragmites and explain a cause for the pattern. Be sure to include numerical data from the chart to support your answer.

a)

The data shows a steady increase in the average height of Phragmites over time, likely due to improved growing conditions, with heights rising from 1.2m to 2.5m.

b)

The data shows a decrease in the average height of Phragmites over time, likely due to poor soil quality, with heights dropping from 2.5m to 1.2m.

c)

The data shows no significant change in the average height of Phragmites, remaining around 1.8m throughout the period.

d)

The data shows random fluctuations in the average height of Phragmites, with no clear pattern or cause.

76.

Identify evidence from the Frequency of Phragmites data that justified their claim.

a)

The data showed a significant increase in Phragmites frequency over time.

b)

The data indicated a decrease in Phragmites frequency over time.

c)

The data showed no change in Phragmites frequency.

d)

The data was inconclusive regarding Phragmites frequency.

77.

Identify one abiotic factor mentioned in the passage that could be causing the red tides in Florida, and describe how this factor may be leading to an increase in the algae population.

a)

Nutrient runoff from land, which provides excess nutrients for algae growth.

b)

Presence of fish, which increases algae population.

c)

Increase in predatory birds, which affects algae.

d)

Decrease in sunlight, which boosts algae growth.

78.

Explain how an increase in these K. brevis populations could affect human health.

a)

It can cause respiratory issues and other health problems due to toxins released.

b)

It can improve air quality and reduce allergies.

c)

It can increase the nutritional value of seafood.

d)

It can decrease the risk of infectious diseases.

79.

Explain how the fact that K. brevis does not kill shellfish could be a factor in the damage caused by the red tide.

a)

Because shellfish survive, they can accumulate toxins from K. brevis, which are then passed on to predators or humans who consume them.

b)

Because shellfish die, the toxins are released into the water, increasing the damage caused by red tide.

c)

Because K. brevis kills shellfish, there is less food for other marine animals, increasing the damage caused by red tide.

d)

Because shellfish are immune to toxins, red tide has no effect on the ecosystem.

80.

One advantage of having sound-absorbing fur and scales compared to a different defense mechanism is:

a)

It helps avoid detection by predators.

b)

It increases body temperature.

c)

It makes movement slower.

d)

It attracts more prey.

81.

Predict how the frequency of the trait for sound-absorbing wings might be expected to change over time.

a)

The frequency of the trait for sound-absorbing wings is likely to increase over time.

b)

The frequency of the trait for sound-absorbing wings is likely to decrease over time.

c)

The frequency of the trait for sound-absorbing wings will remain constant over time.

d)

The frequency of the trait for sound-absorbing wings will fluctuate randomly over time.

82.

The extinction of the northern quoll would affect other organisms in the ecosystems where they once lived by:

a)

causing changes in predator-prey relationships and ecosystem balance

b)

increasing the population of northern quolls

c)

having no impact on other organisms

d)

improving ecosystem stability

83.

It is hoped that northern quolls can be saved from extinction. If this proves to be true, will saving the quolls help solve the problems associated with the spread of the cane toads?

a)

Yes, because quolls are affected by cane toads and saving them helps address the impact.

b)

No, because saving quolls does not affect the spread of cane toads.

c)

Yes, because quolls eat cane toads and will reduce their population.

d)

No, because cane toads are not a threat to quolls.

84.

A scientist suggests using genetic engineering to alter the fertilized eggs of a quoll to include “toad-smart genes.” Would the offspring coming from the fertilized eggs be able to mate and produce offspring that would not try to eat the cane toads? Support your answer.

a)

Yes, the offspring would inherit the 'toad-smart genes' and could produce offspring that avoid eating cane toads.

b)

No, the offspring would not inherit the 'toad-smart genes' and would still try to eat cane toads.

c)

Yes, but only the first generation would avoid eating cane toads; subsequent generations would not.

d)

No, genetic engineering cannot affect the offspring's behavior towards cane toads.

85.

Five students measured their pulse rates, then exercised by running up and down the stairs five times, then measured their pulse rates again. In the investigation, the independent variable is the

a)

time to run up and down the stairs

b)

pulse rate

c)

five students who participated

d)

exercise that was done

86.

According to the information in the chart, which finch species is best adapted to feed on insects that live under the bark of trees?

a)

large ground finch

b)

small ground finch

c)

warbler finch

d)

cactus finch

87.

Students in a biology class wanted to determine the effect of exercise on heart rate. In order to reach a more reliable conclusion, the students should collect data from a

a)

small number of students, then multiply the heart rates together

b)

small number of students, then average the heart rates

c)

large number of students, then average the heart rates

d)

large number of students, then add the heart rates together

88.

The adaptations shown by each species of bat will most likely cause the total number of bats to

a)

increase due to decreased competition

b)

decrease due to increased breeding

c)

increase due to a greater chance of mutation

d)

decrease due to a decrease in pathogens

89.

Describe how the evolutionary pattern shown in these South American bats resembles the evolutionary pattern seen in the Galapagos finches.

a)

Both groups show adaptive radiation, where species diversify to fill different ecological niches.

b)

Both groups evolved due to migration from North America.

c)

Both groups show convergent evolution with unrelated species.

d)

Both groups remained unchanged over time.

90.

Explain why the model cell placed in 100% water increased in mass.

a)

Because water entered the cell by osmosis, causing it to gain mass.

b)

Because the cell absorbed nutrients from the water, increasing its mass.

c)

Because the cell released water, making it appear heavier.

d)

Because the cell underwent mitosis, doubling its mass.

91.

What was the concentration of water in the four cells at the start of the experiment? Use data from the table to support your answer.

a)

The concentration of water in the four cells at the start of the experiment was the same in each cell.

b)

The concentration of water in the four cells at the start of the experiment was different in each cell.

c)

The concentration of water in the four cells at the start of the experiment was highest in cell 1.

d)

The concentration of water in the four cells at the start of the experiment was lowest in cell 4.

92.

An increased pulse rate during exercise helps to maintain homeostasis in an organism by:

a)

delivering more oxygen and nutrients to muscles

b)

reducing the amount of carbon dioxide produced

c)

decreasing body temperature rapidly

d)

slowing down the rate of respiration

93.

DNA normally contains four different molecular bases. Long strands consisting of only the molecular base cytosine (C) are placed in a beaker under conditions that allow for protein synthesis. After a period of time, the contents of the beaker are analyzed, and the proteins present are composed entirely of the amino acid proline. This finding best supports the claim that

a)

most proteins are composed of only one type of amino acid

b)

the amino acid proline is composed only of the molecular base cytosine

c)

a mutation occurred in the test tube during this experiment

d)

CCC codes for the amino acid proline

94.

The diagram represents evolutionary relationships between different species. Which species would least likely have a protein similar to species H?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

E

d)

D

95.

In addition to the plant represented in the first lane, how many other plants most likely produce this unique protein? Support your answer by using evidence from the gel.

a)

None

b)

One

c)

Two

d)

Three

96.

When this research was peer-reviewed, several scientists pointed out that there might have been an error in the original experiment. The reviewers claimed that they compared only seven plant species to the plant in the first lane, rather than eight. Examine the gel and, based on your analysis, provide evidence to support the claim that only seven different plant species had been compared to the species in lane 1.

a)

There are only seven lanes with different plant species compared to lane 1.

b)

There are eight lanes with different plant species compared to lane 1.

c)

There are six lanes with different plant species compared to lane 1.

d)

There are nine lanes with different plant species compared to lane 1.