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WorksheetsAPHUG midterm study guide
Total questions: 132
Worksheet time: 1hrs 10mins
What is GPS?
The acquisition of data about Earth’s surface from a satellite orbiting earth
A system to accurately determine the precise position of something on Earth
Creates more accurate and complex maps
What is GIScience?
Geographic Information science
Geographical informative science
Geographic informative study
What is GIS?
A computer system that captures, stores, analyzes, and displays geographic data
A system to accurately determine the precise position of something on Earth
The acquisitiom of data about Earth’s surface from a satellite orbiting earth
What is a Toponym?
Place/name
A computer system that captures, stores, analyzes, and displays geographic data
A unique location
What is the difference between a site and situation?
Site is a specific point on earths distinguished by physical and human characteristics, whereas a situation is the location of a place relative to other places
Situation is a specific point on earths distinguished by physical and human characteristics, whereas a site is the location of a place relative to other places.
They are the same
What is the definition of a region?
A area of the earth defined by one or more distinctive characteristics
An area fashioned from nature by a cultural group
An area that people believe exists
What is the definition of cultural landscape?
An area fashioned from nature by a cultural group
A area of the earth defined by one or more distinctive characteristics
An area that people believe exists
What is a formal region?
AKA uniform region, area within which people share a predominant characteristic
AKA nodal region, the characteristic chosen to define a functional region dominates at a central focus and diminishes in importance outwards
AKA perceptual region, an area that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity
What is a Functional region?
AKA uniform region, area within which people share a predominant characteristic
AKA nodal region, the characteristic chosen to define a functional region dominates at a central focus and diminishes in importance outwards
AKA perceptual region, an area that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity
What is a Vernacular region?
AKA uniform region, area within which people share a predominant characteristic
AKA nodal region, the characteristic chosen to define a functional region dominates at a central focus and diminishes in importance outwards
AKA perceptual region, an area that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity
What is the definition of culture?
The body of customary beliefs, material traits, and social forms that constitute the distinct tradition of a group of people
The result in making something worldwide in scope
The frequency at which something occurs in space
What is the definition of globalization?
Countries economic situation that can depend significantly on other countries
The body of customary beliefs, material traits, and social forms that constitute the distinct tradition of a group of people
The frequency at which something occurs in space
What is the definition of density?
The frequency at which something occurs in space
The body of customary beliefs, material traits, and social forms that constitute the distinct tradition of a group of people
Countries economic situation that can depend significantly on other countries
What is the definition of distribution?
The arrangement of a feature in space
The frequency at which something occurs in space
The result in making something worldwide in scope
What is concentration?
The extent of a features spread over space
The frequency at which something occurs in space
The physical gap or interval between two objects
What are the two types of concentration?
Clustered
Dispersed
Close
Far
What does clustered mean?
When objects in an area are close together
When objects in an area are far apart
What does dispersed mean?
When objects in an area are close together
When objects in an area are far apart
What is the definition of a hearth?
AKA a node, the point of origin
The spread of an idea
A relative place
What is diffusion?
The process by which a characteristic spreads from a known hearth/point of origin
The geometric arrangement of objects in space
Objects in an area that are close together
What are the five types of diffusion?
Relocation, Expansion, Contagious, Hierarchical, Stimulus
Relocation, Spatial, Unequal, Expansion, Stimulus
Stimulus, Expansion, Unequal,Hierarchical, Contagious
What is Relocation Diffusion?
The spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to another
Spread is featured in an additive process
The spread of an idea from persons of authority or power compared to other people
What is Expansion Diffusion?
The spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to another
Spread is featured in an additive process
The spread of an idea from persons of authority or power compared to other people
What is Hierarchical Diffusion?
The spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to another
Spread is featured in an additive process
The spread of an idea from persons of authority or power compared to other people
What is Contagious Diffusion?
Occurs when people near the origin become adapters
The spread of an underlying principle even though a characteristic itself apparently fails to diffuse
The spread of an idea through the physical movement of people from one place to another
What is Stimulus Diffusion?
Occurs when people near the origin become adapters
The spread of an underlying principle even though a characteristic itself apparently fails to diffuse
The spread of an idea through the physical movement of people from one place to another
What is the definition of Sustainability?
The use of earths resources in ways that ensure resource availability in the future
Substances in the environment that are useful, accessible, and acceptable to use
The spread of an idea through the physical movement of people from one place to another
What are the earths physical systems?
Atmosphere, Hydrosphere, Lithosphere, Biosphere
Atmoshpere, Biosphere, Aquasphere, Lindosphere
Biosphere, Atmosphere, Ecosphere, Watersphere
What is the Hydrosphere?
Water, vapor in the atmosphere, and ice in glaciers
The composition of concentric spheres
All of the earths living organisms
What is the Lithosphere?
Earth’s composition of concentric spheres
All of earths living organisms
Water, vapor in the atmosphere, and ice in glaciers
What is the Biosphere?
Encompasses all of earths living organisms
Water, vapor in the atmosphere, and ice in glaciers
Earths composition of concentric spheres
What is the difference between Environmental Determinism and Possiblism?
Environmental Determinism is the belief that the physical environment caused social development while Possiblism is the modern theory that the physical environment may limit some human actions, but people have the ability to adapt
Possiblism is the belief that the physical environment caused social development while Environmental Determinism is the modern theory that the physical environment may limit some human actions, but people have the ability to adapt
What are the population concentrations of the world?
East Asia, South Asia, Europe, SouthEast Asia, Other clusters
East Asia, South Asia, Europe, North America, South America
North America, South America, Africa, Asia, Other
What are the 3 parts of population density? (Select all that apply)
Arithmetic
Physiological
Agricultural
Sparsely
How do you calculate Arithmetic Density?
Number of ppl divided by total land area
Number of ppl divided by arable land area
Number of farmers divided by arable land area
How do you calculate Physiological Density?
Number of ppl divided by total land area
Number of ppl divided by arable land area
Number of farmers divided by arable land area
How do you calculate Agricultural Density?
Number of ppl divided by total land area
Number of ppl divided by arable land area
Number of farmers divided by arable land area
What is Arithmetic Density?
Allows geographers to compare the number of people in different regions of the world
Compares the physiological and arithmetic densities and helps geographers understand the lands carrying capacity (how much the country can provide just by farming
Shows the level of development in a country
What is Physiological Density?
Allows geographers to compare the number of people in different regions of the world
Compares the physiological and arithmetic densities and helps geographers understand the lands carrying capacity (how much the country can provide just by farming)
Shows the level of development in a country
What is Agricultural Density?
Allows geographers to compare the number of people in different regions of the world
Compares the physiological and arithmetic densities and helps geographers understand the lands carrying capacity (how much the country can provide just by farming)
Shows the level of development in a country
What is CBR?
Crude Birth Rate, total number of births per year for every 1,000 people in a country
Crude Birth Rate, total number of deaths per year for every 1,000 people in a country
Percentage by which a population grows in a year
What is CDR?
Crude Death Rate, total number of deaths per year for every 1,000 people in a country
Crude Death Rate, total number of births per year for every 1,000 people in a country
Percentage by which a population grows in a year
What is NIR?
Natural Increase Rate, Percentage by which a population grows in a year
Natural Increase Rate, total number of births per year for every 1,000 people in a country
Natural Increase Rate, total number of deaths per year for every 1,000 people in a country
What is doubling time?
The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant NIR
Percentage by which a population grows in a year
What is TFR?
Total Fertility Rate, The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years (15-49)
Total Fertility Rate, total number of births per year for every 1,000 people in a country
Total Final Rate, The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years (15-49)
What is mortality?
When MDCs(more developed countries) have lower NIR, CBR, and TFR and when the CDR is lower for LDCs (less developed countries) than for MDCs
When LDCs (less developed countries) have a lower NIR, CBR, and TFR and when the CDR is lower for MDCs (more developed countries) than for LDCs
When MDCs (more developed countries) have lower NIR, CDR, and TFR and when the CBR is lower for LDCs (less developed countries) than for MDCs
What are Population Pyramids?
A display of a country’s distinctive population structure, which shows the percentage of total population in five year age groups (cohort)
A display of the number of people who are too young or too old to work, compared to the number of people in their productive years
What is a Dependency Ratio?
A display of a country’s distinctive population structure, which shows the percentage of total population in five year age groups (cohort)
A display of the number of people who are too young or too old to work, compared to the number of people in their productive years
What is sex ratio?
The number of males per 100 females in a population
The number of people who are too young or too old to work, compared to the number of people in their productive years
What is a Demographic Transition Model (DTM)?
Shows the process of change in a society’s population from high CBR and CDR and low NIR to a condition of low CBR and CDR, low NIR, and higher total population
Shows the process of change in a society’s economics from high money spent to low money spent
What is stage one of the DTM?
Low growth (very high birth and death rates producing virtually no long-term natural increase)
High growth (rapidly declining death rates and very high birth rates producing very high natural increase)
Decreasing growth (Birth rates rapidly decline, Death rates continue to decline, and natural increase rate is moderate)
Decline (very low CBR, increasing CDR, negative NIR)
What is stage two of the DTM?
Low growth (very high birth and death rates producing virtually no long-term natural increase)
High growth (rapidly declining death rates and very high birth rates producing very high natural increase)
Decreasing growth (Birth rates rapidly decline, Death rates continue to decline, and natural increase rate is moderate)
Decline (very low CBR, increasing CDR, negative NIR)
What is stage three of the DTM?
Low growth (very high birth and death rates producing virtually no long-term natural increase)
High growth (rapidly declining death rates and very high birth rates producing very high natural increase)
Decreasing growth (Birth rates rapidly decline, Death rates continue to decline, and natural increase rate is moderate)
Decline (very low CBR, increasing CDR, negative NIR)
What is stage four of the DTM?
Low growth (very high birth and death rates producing virtually no long-term natural increase)
High growth (rapidly declining death rates and very high birth rates producing very high natural increase)
Decreasing growth (Birth rates rapidly decline, Death rates continue to decline, and natural increase rate is moderate)
Decline (very low CBR, increasing CDR, negative NIR)
What is stage five of the DTM?
Low growth (very high birth and death rates producing virtually no long-term natural increase)
High growth (rapidly declining death rates and very high birth rates producing very high natural increase)
Decreasing growth (Birth rates rapidly decline, Death rates continue to decline, and natural increase rate is moderate)
Decline (very low CBR, increasing CDR, negative NIR)
What is ZPG?
Zero population growth, when CBR declines to the point where it equals the CDR and the NIR approaches 0
Zero population growth, when the CDR declines to the point where CBR is double it
What caused lowering birth rates due to education/health care?
Women gained more economic control over their lives and understand their reproductive rights
Few women use birth control in sub-saharan Africa compared to a majority in Asia and Latin America
What caused lowering birth rates due to contraception?
Women gained more economic control over their lives and understand their reproductive rights
Few women use birth control in sub-saharan Africa compared to a majority in Asia and Latin America
Who was Thomas Malthus?
A man who argued that the population increase was far outrunning the development of food supplies
A man who argued that the population decrease was outrunning the development of food supplies
A man who argued that the population increase was not enough for the increase of food supplies
What is the possible stage 5 of the DTM?
Shown in Japan, the population pyramid is set to “invert” by 2050. Negative NIR
Growth in population
What is the Epidemeology Transition Model?
ETM, medical researchers focus on health threats in each stage of the DTM
Shows the process of change in a society’s economics from high money spent to low money spent
Who is Dr. John Snow?
The man who overlaid maps showing the addresses of cholera victims and the locations of water pumps
The man who created the idea that population increase is outrunning the development of food supplies
What is IMR?
Infant Mortality Rate, amount of babies who die before age 1 per 1,000 live births
Infant Mortality Rate, amount of babies who die per 1,000 births
Infant Mortality Rate, amount of babies who live per 1,000 deaths
What is international migration?
Migrants to other countries head for major centers of economic activity, permanent move to another country and can be voluntary or forced
Relocation within the same country
What is internal migration?
Relocation within the same country
Migrants to other countries head major centers of economic activity, permanent move to another country and can be voluntary or forced
What is voluntary migration?
Migrating on your own (aka not being forced)
Forced to move without consent
What is involuntary migration?
Forced migration, not choosing or there is a reason out of your control that is making you choose to move
Migrating on your own choice (aka not forced)
What is interregional migration?
Migration from rural to urban (takes place in stage 2 of Zelensky’s migration transition model)
Migration from urban to suburbs (takes place in stage 3 and 4 of Zelensky’s migration transition model)
What is intraregional migration?
Migration from urban to suburbs (takes place in stage 3 and 4 of Zelensky’s migration transition model)
Migration from rural to urban (takes place in stage 2 of Zelensky’s migration transition model)
What are the largest flows of migrants? (select all that apply)
Asia to Europe
Asia to North America
Latin America to North America
Europe to North America
What is counterurbanization?
Migrants in MDCs now are moving back into rural areas
Migrants move into urban homes
Migrants move out of rural areas
What is a push factor?
A factor that induces people to move OUT of their present location
A factor that induces people to move IN to a new location
What is a pull factor?
A factor that induces people to move IN to a new location
A factor that induces people to move OUT of their present location
What are some types of a PULL and PUSH factors? (all that apply)
Political (avoiding armed violence or violations of human rights)
Economic (emigration and imigration for job opportunities)
Environmental (pulled towards attractive regions and away from unattractive ones)
none of these
What is a refugee?
A migrant who migrates to avoid armed conflict violence, or violations of human rights and canNOT return for fear of persecution
A migrant who migrates to avoid conflict violence, or violations of human rights but not over a international border
A migrant who migrates to another country in the hope of being recognized as avoiding conflict
What is a IDP (Internally Displaced Person)?
A migrant who migrates to avoid armed conflict violence, or violations of human rights and canNOT return for fear of persecution
A migrant who migrates to avoid conflict violence, or violations of human rights (same reasons as a refugee) but not over a international border
A migrant who migrates to another country in the hope of being recognized as avoiding conflict
What is an Asylum Seeker?
A migrant who migrates to avoid armed conflict violence, or violations of human rights and canNOT return for fear of persecution
A migrant who migrates to avoid conflict violence, or violations of human rights (same reasons as a refugee) but not over a international border
A migrant who migrates to another country in the hope of being recognized as a refugee
What is the difference between a habit and a custom?
A habit is a repetitive act performed by an individual, whereas a custom is a repetitive act of a group performed to the extent that it becomes a characteristic of the group
A custom is a repetitive act performed by an individual, whereas a habit is a repetitive act of a group performed to the extent that it becomes a characteristic of the group
What is a characteristic of pop culture? (aka popular culture)
A product of developed countries, typically traceable to a specific person or coorperation in a particular place
Often has anonymous hearths, at unknown dates
What is a characteristic of folk culture?
Often has anonymous hearths, at unknown dates
A product of developed countries, typically traceable to a specific person or coorperation in a particular place
What is a characteristic of folk culture?
Often has anonymous hearths, at unknown dates
A product of developed countries, typically traceable to a specific person or coorperation in a particular place
How is pop culture diffused?
Transmitted slowly through migration, physical and cultural factors influence this distribution
Follows a hierarchical diffusion across many countries with little regard for physical factors
How is folk culture diffused?
Transmitted slowly through migration, physical and cultural factors influence this distribution
Follows a hierarchical diffusion across many countries with little regard for physical factors
What are some examples of pop culture? (select all that apply)
football/soccer
Pop music
Traditional clothing
Food influenced by cultural
What is the definition of a map?
scale model of the real world that is used for reference and communication
The study of human activities on Earth's surface
What are the different types of map scale? (select all that apply)
ratio/fraction
written
Graphic
Scale of Analysis
topographic
What are the types of themetic maps? (select all that apply)
Chloropleth
Graduated Symbol
Cartogram
Dot Distribution
What is ratio/fraction scale?
1:24,000 (1st number refers to a unit of distance on the map, 2nd is the distance in real life)
bar line
a level of data
1:24,000 (1st number refers to a unit of distance in real life, 2nd is the distance on a map)
What is written scale?
first # refers to map distance second # refers to earths distance
1:24,000
bar line
the level at which data is displayed
What is graphic scale?
bar line
the level at which data is displayed
1:24,000
what is scale of analysis?
the level at which data is displayed
1:24,000
bar line
first # refers to map distance second # refers to earths distance
What is longitude?
arc drawn between the north and south poles
circle around the globe parallel to the equator and at a right angle to meridians
What is latitude?
arc drawn between the north and south poles?
circle around the globe parallel to the equator and at a right angle to meridians
What is literary tradition?
a system of written communication
the official language used by the government
a system of communications through speech
a collection of sounds that a group understands have the same meaning
What is "official language"?
a system of written communication
a language used by the government
a system of communications through speech
a collection of sounds that a group understands have the same meaning
What is a language family?
collection of languages related through a common ancestral language
collection of languages within a family that are related through a common ancestral language
collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin
What is a language branch?
collection of languages related through a common ancestral language
collection of languages within a family that are related through a common ancestral language
collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin
What is a language group?
collection of languages related through a common ancestral language
collection of languages within a family that are related through a common ancestral language
collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin
What is the Indo-European language family?
a language family that is predominant in Europe, South Asia, and North and Latin America
a language family that encompasses languages spoken in China
What is the Sino-Tibetan language family?
a language family that is predominant in Europe, South Asia, and North and Latin America
a language family that encompasses languages spoken in China
What is the Germanic Branch?
A branch from the Indo-European family, high German being the basis of the modern german language, Low German languages including English Dutch and Flemish
A branch from the Indo-European family, the official language of India being Hindi and English being the second lanuguage
What are the Low Germanic languages? (select all that apply)
English
Dutch (Afrikaans)
Flemish
German
What are the High Germanic languages? (select all that apply)
English
Dutch (Afrikaans)
Flemish
Modern German
What is the Romance Branch?
Language branch from the Indo-European language family, evolved from Latin and includes Spanish, Portuguese, French, and more
Language branch from the Indo-European language family, including English, Dutch, and Flemish
How did English diffuse?(select all that apply)
German invasion
Norman invasion
France defeat
Spanish war
How did the Romance branch diffuse?(select all that apply)
conquering Roman armies occupied imperial provinces and suppressed local languages in favor of Latin
vulgar Latin was spoken by the masses
Regions of the former empire were isolated long enough for distinct languages to evolve
The British took control of Ireland, South Asia, and the South Pacific
William the Conqueror invaded Britain in 1066 and established French as the official language
What was the Nomadic Warrior hypothesis?
Marija Gimbutas argues that the first Proto-Indo-European speakers were the Kurgans who migrated in search for grasslands
Colin Renfrew argued that the first speakers lived 2000 years earlier in eastern Anatolia and the language diffused into Europe and South Asia with agricultural practice
What was the Sedentary Farmer hypothesis?
Marija Gimbutas argues that the first Proto-Indo-European speakers were the Kurgans who migrated in search for grasslands
Colin Renfrew argued that the first speakers lived 2000 years earlier in eastern Anatolia and the language diffused into Europe and South Asia with agricultural practice
What does Extinct Language mean?
thousands of languages that were once in use are no longer spoken or read in daily activities
a language that is in danger of disappearing
What is an example of a extinct language that was revived?
Hebrew
English
French
Hindi
What is an Isolated Language?
a language unrelated to any other and therefore not attached to any language family
a language related to ALL other languages and therefore doesn't have a specific language family
a language
What is a Lingua Franca?
A language that is adopted as a common language between speakers whose native languages are different
A French language
A language that is constructed by two groups by learning a few grammar rules and words and mixing of elements of their own languages
What is the difference between Universalizing and Ethnic Religions?
Universalizing religions attempt to be global and have precise points of origins based on the life of the founder whereas Ethnic religions appeal primarily to one group of people and have unknown origins
Ethnic religions attempt to be global and have precise points of origins based on the life of the founder whereas Universalizing religions appeal primarily to one group of people and have unknown origins
What is Christianity?
The largest world religion, has three major branches, and follows the belief that Jesus died to atone for human sins and was raised from the dead to provide hope for salvation
predominant religion of the Middle East, North Africa, and Central Asia. Means "Submission to the will of God" and has 2 branches. Follows the belief that the prophet Muhammad is descended from Abraham and Hagar's child Ishmael
Clustered in East Asia and SE Asia, follows the belief that Siddhartha Gautama is the "Buddha" and the belief of the "4 Noble Truths"
What is Buddhism?
The largest world religion, has three major branches, and follows the belief that Jesus died to atone for human sins and was raised from the dead to provide hope for salvation
predominant religion of the Middle East, North Africa, and Central Asia. Means "Submission to the will of God" and has 2 branches. Follows the belief that the prophet Muhammad is descended from Abraham and Hagar's child Ishmael
Clustered in East Asia and SE Asia, follows the belief that Siddhartha Gautama is the "Buddha" and the belief of the "4 Noble Truths"
What is Islam?
The largest world religion, has three major branches, and follows the belief that Jesus died to atone for human sins and was raised from the dead to provide hope for salvation
predominant religion of the Middle East, North Africa, and Central Asia. Means "Submission to the will of God" and has 2 branches. Follows the belief that the prophet Muhammad is descended from Abraham and Hagar's child Ishmael
Clustered in East Asia and SE Asia, follows the belief that Siddhartha Gautama is the "Buddha" and the belief of the "4 Noble Truths"
Largest ethnic religion, found in India. A polytheistic (multiple gods) but most worship the god Vishnu.
What is Hinduism?
The largest world religion, has three major branches, and follows the belief that Jesus died to atone for human sins and was raised from the dead to provide hope for salvation
predominant religion of the Middle East, North Africa, and Central Asia. Means "Submission to the will of God" and has 2 branches. Follows the belief that the prophet Muhammad is descended from Abraham and Hagar's child Ishmael
Clustered in East Asia and SE Asia, follows the belief that Siddhartha Gautama is the "Buddha" and the belief of the "4 Noble Truths"
Largest ethnic religion, found in India. A polytheistic (multiple gods) but most worship the god Vishnu.
What is Animism?
the belief that inanimate objects have discrete spirits and conscious life
the belief that the human personality continues to exist after death and can communicate to the living
emphasizes the importance of tradition, obligation, and sympathy
refers to beliefs that originated with religions that predate Christianity and Islam
What is Spiritism?
the belief that inanimate objects have discrete spirits and conscious life
the belief that the human personality continues to exist after death and can communicate to the living
emphasizes the importance of tradition, obligation, and sympathy
refers to beliefs that originated with religions that predate Christianity and Islam
What are the major branches of Christianity?(select all that apply)
Roman Catholic
Protestant
Orthodox
Lutheran
Baptist
What are the major branches of Islam? (select all that apply)
Sunni
Shiite
Baptist
Muslam
What is a "pilgrimage"?
a journey to a sacred place for religious/spiritual reasons
when the pilgrims moved to North America
a trip to another country
What is cosmogony?
a set of religious beliefs that consider the creation of the universe
the study of the universe
the study of outer space and stars
What type of diffusion did Christianity have?(select all that apply)
Hierarchical Diffusion
Relocation Diffusion
How did Islam diffuse?
Through trade and control
Hierarchical diffusion
force
word of mouth
How did Buddhism diffuse? (select all that apply)
the emperor converted and sent out missionaries
merchants
disciples spread the word
What is Athiesm?
the lack of a belief in gods
Belief in multiple gods
Belief of one god
What is monotheism?
the lack of a belief in gods
Belief in multiple gods
Belief of one god
What is polytheism?
the lack of a belief in gods
Belief in multiple gods
Belief of one god
What is an intervening obstacle?
a barrier that make reaching a migrants desired destination more difficult
and opportunity that a migrants encounters on their way to a destination that causes them to change their mind
a factor that draws people to a location
a factor that induces people to move away from a location
What is unauthorized immigration?
a person who enters a country without proper documents
a migrant that moves to avoid political or violent persecution
a migrants who moves INto a country
What are some of the main countries that send immigrants to the US? (select top 3)
Mexico
China
Cuba
portugal
