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WorksheetsPsychology I Final Review
Total questions: 78
Worksheet time: 39mins
Which approach studies behavior in terms of physical changes in the body?
Psychoanalytic Approach
Biopsychological Approach
Behavioral Approach
Cognitive Approach
What is a key idea of the Behavioral Approach?
Behavior is shaped by unconscious impulses.
Behavior is influenced by internal thoughts and cognition.
Behavior is a reflection of personal growth and free will.
Behavior is the result of learned responses to environmental stimuli.
Who is most often associated with the Psychoanalytic Approach?
Carl Rogers
B.F. Skinner
Sigmund Freud
Stanley Milgram
According to the Humanistic Approach, what determines a person’s destiny?
Biological impulses
The environment
Learned behaviors
Internal growth and free will
Which approach emphasizes the ability to internally compare past and present to make judgments?
Cognitive Approach
Sociocultural Approach
Behavioral Approach
Biopsychological Approach
How does the Sociocultural Approach explain behavior?
Behavior is controlled by unconscious desires.
Behavior is influenced by expectations of social groups or cultures.
Behavior is shaped by internal thought patterns.
Behavior is the result of biological changes.
What is the purpose of a placebo in an experiment?
To increase the effectiveness of a medication
To serve as a fake treatment to test belief effects
To manipulate the independent variable
To act as a dependent variable
In a double-blind study, who knows which group is receiving the placebo?
Only the participants
Only the researchers
Both participants and researchers
Neither participants nor researchers
What is the independent variable in an experiment?
The factor that remains constant
The factor that changes as a result of the experiment
The factor the researcher changes
The hidden variable that is unaccounted for
Which of the following is an advantage of naturalistic observation?
Researchers can directly interact with subjects.
Subjects behave naturally because they are unaware of being observed.
It provides detailed background information about subjects.
It is the most time-efficient method of research.
Which research method involves studying the same group of people over a long period?
Cross-sectional method
Survey method
Longitudinal method
Case study method
In psychological research, what is a representative sample?
A group that contains more participants than the general population
A group that accurately reflects the characteristics of the larger population
A group that is studied without ethical restrictions
A group that includes only a specific subset of the population
Which ethical principle ensures that subjects can withdraw from an experiment at any time?
Confidentiality of information
Assessment of potential risks
Openness and honesty
Right to decline participation
What is an advantage of the survey method?
It ensures unbiased responses.
It provides detailed long-term information.
It allows researchers to gather large amounts of data quickly.
It eliminates the possibility of misinterpretation.
Which part of the brain monitors blood sugar levels to signal hunger?
Hypothalamus
Frontal Lobe
Motor strip
Amydala
What drives a person to solve problems and explore new ideas according to the "Curiosity Motive"?
The need for physical stimulation
The desire for extrinsic rewards
A basic human response to the need for knowledge
The manipulation motive
What experiment demonstrated the importance of contact comfort in development?
John B. Watson's experiment with Little Albert
Harry Harlow's monkey experiment with wire and cloth mothers
Adrenaline injection experiments
A sleep study with children
According to Maslow, which needs must be met before self-actualization can occur?
Psychological needs and safety needs
Self-esteem and safety needs
Belongingness and physiological needs
Physiological, safety, belongingness, and self-esteem needs
Which of the following is NOT one of the psychological motivations identified by Maslow?
Need for affiliation
Need for approval
Need for achievement
Need for stimulation
According to the James-Lange Theory, how are emotions created?
Simultaneously with bodily responses
By labeling bodily responses based on environment
From physical responses to the environment
Through the thalamus signaling both emotion and physical response
Which theory explains that emotions are labeled based on environmental cues and social interactions?
James-Lange Theory
Schachter’s Cognitive Theory
Cannon-Bard Theory
Opponent-Process Theory
What is the central idea of Daniel Goleman’s theory of emotional intelligence?
Emotional states are universal
Emotional responses are caused by bodily reactions
Emotional skills help interact effectively and prevent extreme emotions
Emotions and cognition work independently from each other
What is the term for the level of sensory stimulation required for information to register?
Adaptation
Absolute threshold
Perception
Sensation
What is the gradual loss of attention to unneeded or unwanted sensory information called?
Sensation
Perception
Adaptation
Threshold
Which part of the eye controls the amount of light entering it by adjusting its size?
Retina
Cornea
Pupil
Iris
What is the function of the lens in the eye?
It adjusts to focus objects onto the retina.
It detects wavelengths of light.
It regulates the size of the pupil.
It controls the entry of light into the eye.
What are the two types of light receptors in the retina?
Corneas and Rods
Rods and Cones
Cones and Pupils
Rods and Irises
What is the name of the structure in the ear filled with fluid and lined with small hairs that vibrate to incoming sound?
Cochlea
Cilia
Eardrum
Auditory nerve
What role do cilia in the cochlea play?
They amplify sound waves.
They vibrate to detect different sound frequencies.
They maintain balance in the ear.
They send electrical signals to the retina.
Which of the following are the three types of receptors involved in the sense of touch?
Chemical, Heat, and Pressure receptors
Pain, Chemical, and Light receptors
Pressure, Sound, and Heat receptors
Pain, Pressure, and Temperature receptors
Which sense is most strongly linked to memory?
Taste
Touch
Smell
Hearing
What is the ability to retain the size of an object no matter where it is located?
Depth Perception
Size Constancy
Shape Constancy
Space Constancy
Which perceptual cue involves grouping like things together?
Proximity
Closure
Similarity
Texture Gradient
What is the term for a misperception caused by inaccurate interpretation of sensory information?
Illusion
Retinal Disparity
Gestalt
Adaptation
Which binocular cue involves combining slightly different images from both eyes to perceive depth?
Texture Gradient
Retinal Disparity
Shape Constancy
Space Constancy
What is consciousness?
A. A purely empirical concept grounded in observable data
B. Our ability to be aware of what is going on inside out outside of ourselves, both now and in the past
C. The process of logical reasoning
D. A theory explaining biological clocks
What is the subconscious?
The deepest level of consciousness
A state achieved during hypnosis
Thoughts we are currently conscious of
Awareness just below our present awareness
What is one role of the unconscious, according to psychoanalysts?
To provide direct knowledge of our thoughts
To guide logical decision-making processes
To influence thoughts and behaviors without logic or rationality
To maintain circadian rhythms
What is the term for chemicals that run different systems in our bodies?
Biological clocks
Free-running cycles
Entrainment cycles
Bodily rhythms
Entrainment refers to:
The biological clock’s natural cycle
Altering a free-running cycle to match environmental patterns
Rhythms based on a 24-hour cycle
The study of day and night rhythms
What is a characteristic of REM sleep?
Slow and steady brain activity
Random, partial thoughts
The absence of dreaming
Rapid eye movement and paralyzed body
During NREM sleep, the brain:
Fires rapidly
Produces random and disorganized thoughts
Enters a state of paralysis
Reaches the most vivid dreams
Why do adolescents need more sleep?
Their brains are fully developed
They experience fewer REM cycles
Their circadian rhythms are shorter than adults
Growth hormones are secreted during NREM sleep
What is one hypothesis about the purpose of dreams?
To organize and recharge brain chemicals
To reinforce conscious logic
To maintain NREM sleep cycles
To prevent electrical impulses in the brain
What is a common cause of insomnia?
Hypnagogic hallucinations
Disruption of normal circadian rhythms
Too much REM sleep
Lucid dreaming
Sleep apnea is characterized by:
Instant REM sleep onset
Loss of muscle control while falling asleep
Frequent interruptions in breathing during sleep
Increased vividness of dreams
Hypnosis involves:
A. A loss of consciousness
B. Increased focus and relaxed attention
C. Inducing NREM sleep
D. The ability to remember forgotten memories
According to Thorndike’s Law of Effect, behaviors are more likely to be repeated when:
Followed by favorable consequences
Associated with a neutral stimulus
Followed by unfavorable consequences
Paired with observation
What was the main conclusion of Thorndike’s puzzle box experiment with cats?
Cats do not learn from repetition.
Cats learn through observation of others.
Rewarded behaviors become more likely to occur.
Conditioning is the only way animals learn.
Ivan Pavlov studied classical conditioning by using:
Bells and food
Loud noises and rats
Trauma and relaxation
Cookies and rabbits
In classical conditioning, an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) is:
A learned stimulus
A neutral stimulus
A stimulus that naturally triggers a response
A stimulus paired with punishment
After conditioning, the drooling triggered by the ringing of a bell in Pavlov’s study is called:
Unconditioned Response (UCR)
Neutral Response (NR)
Spontaneous Response (SR)
Conditioned Response (CR)
Which term describes the phenomenon when a response spreads to similar stimuli, as seen in the Little Albert experiment?
Extinction
Stimulus Generalization
Spontaneous Recovery
Reinforcement
What is the key difference between classical and operant conditioning?
Operant conditioning is automatic, while classical involves choice.
Both occur without the learner playing an active role.
Both rely solely on negative reinforcement.
Classical conditioning is automatic, while operant involves choice.
Receiving a paycheck every two weeks is an example of which schedule of reinforcement?
Fixed Ratio
Variable Ratio
Fixed Interval
Variable Interval
In operant conditioning, what is the term for learning to distinguish between different stimuli?
Extinction
Shaping
Discrimination Learning
Generalization
Slot machines use which type of reinforcement schedule?
Fixed Ratio
Variable Ratio
Fixed Interval
Variable Interval
Albert Bandura’s BoBo Doll experiment demonstrated that:
Conditioning is the only way to learn.
Children require direct reinforcement to learn aggression.
Social learning only applies to adults.
Learning can occur through observation and imitation.
What is the key concept behind social learning?
Learning through trial and error
Learning by watching others
Learning through direct reinforcement
Learning via stimulus-response associations
According to cognitive psychology, learning involves:
Simple stimulus-response relationships
Observing and imitating others
Abstract and complex thought processes
Only physical consequences
What is latent learning?
Learning by observing others
Learning that is not immediately evident but happens anyway
Learning through direct reinforcement
Learning through punishment
Which term describes an internal belief about the likelihood of achieving a reward?
Expectancy
Reinforcement value
Cognitive map
Strategy
Which of the following is an example of negative transfer?
Learning to drive a car helps you drive a van
Learning multiple phone numbers at once makes you forget the first
Being in the same mood during learning and recall
Practicing information until it is automatic
Which term describes focusing intensely on information you find interesting?
Positive transfer
Schema
Elaborative rehearsal
Attention
Needing to drink soda before a test because you studied while drinking it is an example of:
Chunking
State-dependent learning
Recall
Long-term memory
Memorizing ROYGBIV to remember the colors of the rainbow is an example of:
Elaboration
Schema
Mnemonic device
Chunking
Grouping vocabulary words into nouns and verbs to remember them is known as:
Chunking
Mnemonic devices
Positive transfer
Recognition
Overlearning refers to:
Holding information for only a few seconds
Being able to pick the correct answer from a list
Forgetting old information because new information replaces it
Reviewing information until you can recall it quickly without effort
Multiple-choice questions primarily measure:
Recall
Recognition
Chunking
Elaboration
Forgetting an old phone number because you’ve learned several new ones is explained by:
Recall theory
Interference theory
Overlearning
Explicit memory
Remembering the names of characters from a book you read along time ago is an example of:
Short-term memory
Recognition
Long-term memory
State-dependent learning
Which term refers to remembering information without answer choices or clues?
Recall
Recognition
Schema
Elaboration
Positive transfer occurs when:
Old learning interferes with new learning
Learning one task helps you learn another
You study better under the influence of stimulants
You focus attention for a long period of time
Which concept explains why eyewitness memory can be unreliable?
Chunking
The forgetting curve
Leading questions can change memories
State-dependent learning
George Miller’s “Magical Number 7 ± 2” refers to:
The number of items the average person can recognize
The number of types of long-term memory
The number of steps in elaboration
The number of items held in short-term memory
Which of the following is an example of elaboration?
Repeating information over and over again
Connecting new information to vivid details or meaningful examples
Grouping information into smaller units
Memorizing information by matching it to letters or acronyms
Which statement best describes the difference between explicit and implicit memory?
Explicit memories are automatic; implicit memories require conscious effort
Explicit memories are facts and events; implicit memories involve skills and procedures
Explicit memories last only a few seconds; implicit memories last a lifetime
Explicit memories rely on chunking; implicit memories rely on state-dependent learning
According to the interference theory, we forget information because:
New or old information blocks the retrieval of other information
We never encoded it correctly
Emotions completely erase previous memories
We did not rehearse the material enough times
