SATA: As BP increases, so does the risk of which of the following conditions?

What is the formula for blood pressure (BP)?

SATA: Which of the following are components of cardiac output?

SATA: Which receptors are responsible for vasoconstriction in the SNS?

Which neurohormones act as vasoconstrictors?

Which local regulators act as vasodilators?

Systemic Vascular Resistance: Which local regulator acts as a vasoconstrictor?

What are cardiac baroreceptors sensitive to?

Vascular endothelium produces vasoactive substances to maintain a _____ arterial tone.

Which hormones that affect BP are released from the adrenal medulla?

Which system controls sodium excretion and extracellular fluid (ECF) volume?

HTN is defined as persistent elevation of which of the following?

________ is defined as a systolic BP between 120-139 mm Hg and a diastolic BP between 80-89 mm Hg.

Elevated BP without an identified cause accounts for what percentage of all HTN cases?

Secondary HTN is characterized by elevated BP with a specific cause.

HTN Pathophysiology: Which of the following is NOT a cardiac output abnormality associated with Primary HTN?

HTN Pathophysiology: Name one condition that can cause increased catecholamines leading to Primary HTN.

Elevated serum ______ and excess dietary _____ can increase risk for HTN dramatically.

HTN Pathophysiology: Hypertension is known as the ________.

SATA: Which of the following are symptoms of severe hypertension?

HTN Pathophysiology: Target organ diseases due to HTN most frequently occur in which organs?

Which diagnostic tests are used for HTN?

Identify the antihypertensive medication.

Weight loss of only 10 kg may decrease SBP by how much?

Which of the following is NOT a recommended lifestyle modification for HTN?

Moderate-intensity aerobic activity should be performed at least 30 minutes most days of the week for HTN care.

Nicotine causes _______, which leads to an elevated BP.

Smoking cessation reduces risk factors within 1 year for HTN patients.

SATA: Which of the following is a side effect of antihypertensive therapy that should be identified, reported, and minimized?

High sodium intake leads to increased afterload, increased preload, and directly affects protein synthesis of myocardial cells. These changes lead to _________?

High sodium intake leads to increased aldosterone synthesis in the myocardium, increased angiotensin receptors in myocardial cells, and increased concentration of TGF-B1. These changes lead to _________?

Antihypertensive drugs with a 24 hour duration of action should be taken:

The forearm must never be used for blood pressure measurements.

Which of the following is NOT a disease that puts a patient at risk for developing HTN?

When assessing for orthostatic hypotension, the RN should measure each blood pressure within no longer than ______ minutes of position change.

SATA: To assess for orthostatic hypotension, BP and pulses should be measured in which positions?

Which of the following is the minimum criteria for a positive finding of orthostatic hypotension?

SATA: What are some reasons for patient noncompliance in treatment of HTN?

Fill in the blank: There is an increased incidence of HTN with ________.

What is the most common form of HTN in individuals over 50 years old?

What type of HTN do some older patients experience when they find themselves in a medical setting and subsequently become stressed?

When taking the manual BP of a geriatric patient, there is often a ______ pause between the first Korotkoff (manual BP) sound and subsequent beats, known as the ________ gap.

What is most likely the most common type of pain experienced by humans?

What are the two main types of functional headaches mentioned in the notes?

Headache pain can arise from both intracranial and extracranial sources.

SATA: Which of the following cranial nerves contain pain-sensitive structures that are frequently associated with headache pain?

Secondary headaches are caused by another condition or disorder such as sinus infection, neck injury, or stroke.

What are the primary classifications of headache types?

Tension-type headaches are characterized typically felt _____.

Tension-type headaches are also known as ________.

Which of the following is the most common type of headache?

Tension-type headaches can last from ________ to ________.

Tension-type headaches are subcategorized into ________ and ________.

Which of the following is associated with tension-type headaches?

An EMG, which is used to reveal sustained head and neck muscle contraction, may NOT always show increased tension, even when the EMG is performed during a headache.

Migraine headaches are more common in ________ than ________.

The most common age for migraine onset is between ________ years old.

Which of the following is the more common type of migraine?

What is the exact cause of migraine?

Which of the following factors is/are suggested to be involved in migraines?

Migraines may last for _______ hours.

SATA: Which of the following foods are linked to migraines?

MRIs are indicated for all patients suffering from migraines.

Most migraine patients present with normal neurologic examinations.

Which type of headache is characterized by repeated severe attacks that occur for weeks or months at a time, followed by periods of remission?

Neither the true cause nor pathophysiologic mechanism is known in regards to cluster headaches. However, current research links cluster headaches in some capacity to the _____ nerve.

The intense pain of a cluster headache is most often described as:

SATA: Headaches can be a symptom that is secondary to a severe illness, such as:

Which class of antidepressant is used for prophylactic treatment of tension-type headaches?

Which type of medication is considered first-line treatment for migraines?

The first-line drugs for migraine treatment work by producing _______ _______.

Botox can be used as a method of migraine prophylaxis.

The gold standard intervention for a patient with an acute cluster headache attack is inhalation of 100% oxygen at ____ L for _____ minutes.

SATA: What are some interventions for refractory cluster headaches that do not respond to pain medication?