The source of infection in anthrax is mainly:

For microbiological diagnosis of tularemia, which is used?

Mode of transmission of tularemia:

Resistance of Brucella:

Allergic method of diagnosis of brucellosis:

Antigens of Brucella include:

Standard agglutination test reveals:

Ingestion of the tularemia pathogen causes which form of infection?

When the airborne pathway of infection with tularemia occurs, which form develops?

When the contact pathway of infection with tularemia occurs, which form develops?

Immunity in tularemia is:

Allergic method of diagnosis of tularemia:

Specific prevention of brucellosis is carried out using:

When airborne pathway transmission of anthrax occurs, which form develops?

Heddleson reaction is used in the diagnosis of brucellosis in:

Rickettsias are cultivated:

Borrelia are transmitted:

Borrelia, based on type of respiration, are:

Diagnostic value in Brill’s disease have which serum immunoglobulins?

The causative agent of Q fever most often affects which organ system?

The causative agent of recurrent typhus is cultivated on media containing which additive?

Cultivation of pale Treponema is carried out in media containing what component?

The source of infection in syphilis is what host?

Primary syphilis is characterized by which key clinical finding?

Secondary syphilis is characterized by which manifestation?

Tertiary syphilis is characterized by which process?

What structure ensures the infectivity of chlamydia?

For the cultivation of mycoplasmas, which antibiotic class is added to the nutrient medium?

Specific prevention of urogenital chlamydia: which statement is correct?

Type of respiration of urogenital mycoplasmas is best described as:

Detection in serum of immunoglobulins M and G against Chlamydia trachomatis antigens indicates:

Urogenital mycoplasmosis of pregnant women most commonly leads to:

Recurrent typhoid occurs as which clinical course?

The source of infection in endemic typhus is:

The vector of infection in epidemic typhus is:

Leptospira grow on nutrient media containing which component?

What property of Chlamydia trachomatis allows detection inside infected cells?

The vector of infection in endemic typhus is:

Specific prevention of epidemic typhus is carried out:

The main factor of pathogenicity of chlamydia:

By the type of respiration Mycoplasma is:

The genus Ureaplasma differs from the genus Mycoplasma by ability:

The alternation of attacks of fever and anorexia in recurrent typhoid fever is associated with:

Four months after the operation, the doctor noted yellowing of the sclera, mucous membranes, and skin and found that the patient was transfused donor blood. What preliminary diagnosis did the doctor make to the patient?

After suffering from hepatitis B, hepatocellular carcinoma developed in the patient. In what type of infection is the viral genome included in the genome of the host cell, causing cancer?

During the epidemiological examination of the patients, the doctor found out that they were transfused a small amount of donor blood of one series during the treatment. What viral hepatitis is diagnosed in patients?

What high-sensitivity reaction should be used to test donor blood for the presence of hepatitis B antigens?

In a laboratory study of the material from a patient with jaundice, the doctor received the following data: HBsAg positive, HBeAg negative. What diagnosis did the doctor make based on the results?

In the genome of the smallpox vaccine virus, scientists have integrated the gene of the hepatitis B virus, which is responsible for the synthesis of HBsAg. The recombinant antivirus is planned to be used in a vaccine preparation. What type of vaccine does the vaccine thus obtained belong to?

After examining the patient and according to the anamnesis, the doctor diagnosed the patient with hepatitis D (Delta). What result of laboratory research can confirm the diagnosis?

The patient has jaundice, fever, lack of appetite, and the liver is increased by 3 cm. What reaction, first of all, must be put to clarify the diagnosis?

In a 25-year-old patient, the doctor noted a fever and jaundice. In a laboratory study of the patient’s blood, the doctor did not detect either HBsAg or antibodies to HBsAg. Which of the additional tests can most reliably confirm infection with the hepatitis B pathogen?

A patient was admitted to the infectious diseases hospital with complaints of general malaise, fever up to 38 °C, and jaundice. Given that a few months ago the patient received a blood transfusion, the doctor made a preliminary diagnosis of viral hepatitis B. What are the main methods of laboratory diagnosis of this disease?

When checking the blood of one of the donors, the doctor identified HBsAg. The donor said that he had recently been treated and had been given a parenteral infusion of solutions. Evaluate the quality of donor blood for transfusion.

In a patient with severe viral hepatitis, antibodies against the pathogens of hepatitis B and D were found in the blood. It is known that the Delta virus cannot reproduce itself in hepatocytes. By what process is it possible to reproduce the hepatitis D virus in the presence of the hepatitis B virus?

A patient presented with subfebrile temperature, malaise, and jaundice. From anamnesis, three months ago the patient underwent intravenous manipulation. The preliminary diagnosis is viral hepatitis. What studies should be conducted to confirm or reject the diagnosis?

A patient was admitted with general weakness, subfebrile temperature, and yellowing of the sclera and skin. Two weeks earlier the patient was resting at sea and eating seafood without thermal processing. Detection of which markers will confirm the diagnosis of acute hepatitis E?

Patient M. was admitted with general malaise, fever up to 38 °C, and jaundice. Given that a few months ago he received a blood transfusion, the doctor suspected hepatitis B. What are the main methods of laboratory diagnosis of hepatitis B?

In a 25-year-old patient, the doctor noted fever and jaundice. In a laboratory study of the patient’s blood, neither HBsAg nor antibodies to HBsAg were detected. Which additional test can most reliably confirm infection with the hepatitis B pathogen in this situation?

After a laboratory examination of a patient with recurrent opportunistic infections, the doctor diagnosed HIV infection. The result of what study allowed the diagnosis to be confirmed?

In a laboratory study of the patient’s blood serum using ELISA, the virologist identified antibodies to HIV. What additional research is needed to confirm the diagnosis of HIV infection?

In order to test the blood of donors for the presence of hepatitis b antigens, it is necessary to apply highly sensitive methods. Which of these reactions should be applied to this purpose?

In a patient, disease is caused by the hepatitis B virus, which interacts with the cell in an integrative type. Specify the characteristic of the interaction of the virus with the cell in an integrative type of infection.

Using immunoblotting, a virologist revealed antibodies to one of the HIV proteins gp41 in a patient with suspected HIV infection. The result was rated as dubious. What research should be done to confirm the diagnosis?

When examining a 16-year-old drug addict, the doctor revealed sharp weight loss, swollen lymph nodes, low-grade fever, and prolonged diarrhea. The preliminary diagnosis is AIDS. Which study will finally confirm the diagnosis?

In the initial study of the material from the patient, the virologist used an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and revealed the patient's antibodies to HIV. What should the doctor do next?

In an 18-year-old boy, the doctor revealed an increase in inguinal lymph nodes, prolonged low-grade fever and candidiasis of the oral cavity. Indicate the most reliable laboratory study that will confirm the fact of infection of the patient with HIV infection.

When studying the immune status of an AIDS patient, it is necessary to determine the level of T-helpers. What reaction will make it possible to identify these cells?

When examining a young man at the AIDS Center, the patient received a positive ELISA with HIV antigens. Complaints about the patient’s state of health are absent. What does a positive ELISA testify to?

To diagnose a patient with HIV infection, the virologist examined the blood serum to detect specific antibodies using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. What enzyme-labeled antibodies were used?

In a patient with pneumonia in sputum, a virologist revealed Pneumocystis carinii. Exceptionally, for what infectious disease can this etiological form of pneumonia develop?

A woman, 35 years old, went to the doctor with complaints of general weakness, fatigue and swollen lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy). From the anamnesis, the doctor found out that the patient had been taking drugs parenterally for several years. Serological blood tests (ELISA) revealed antibodies to HIV 1 in a patient. Repeated blood tests gave a positive result. What should be the actions of a doctor to confirm the diagnosis?

At a blood transfusion station in the blood serum of one of the donors, the doctor identified antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus. What research does a virologist need to apply to confirm the diagnosis of HIV infection?