Honors Biology First Semester Exam Review 2024

Front

What is a nucleotide?

Back

A nucleotide is the basic building block of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What is an amino acid?

Back

An amino acid is a monomer that serves as the building block of proteins, containing an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a unique side chain (R group).

Front

What is osmosis?

Back

Osmosis is the passive movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.

Front

What is an exergonic reaction?

Back

An exergonic reaction is a chemical reaction that releases energy, often in the form of heat, and has a negative change in free energy.

Front

What is a monosaccharide?

Back

A monosaccharide is the simplest form of carbohydrates, consisting of a single sugar molecule, such as glucose or fructose.

Front

What is facilitated diffusion?

Back

Facilitated diffusion is a process of passive transport that allows substances to cross membranes with the assistance of special proteins, without the use of energy.

Front

What is active transport?

Back

Active transport is the movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration, requiring energy (ATP).

Front

What are carbohydrates?

Back

Carbohydrates are organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, typically serving as a major energy source in living organisms.

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What is the role of fatty acids?

Back

Fatty acids are carboxylic acids with long hydrocarbon chains that are key components of lipids, providing energy storage and structural functions in cell membranes.

Front

What is the difference between endergonic and exergonic reactions?

Back

Endergonic reactions absorb energy and have a positive change in free energy, while exergonic reactions release energy and have a negative change in free energy.