Vocabulary: Reactant (substrate)

The starting materials in a chemical reaction.

The substances formed as a result of a chemical reaction.

Vocabulary: Endothermic

Reactions that absorb energy from the surroundings.

Vocabulary: Exothermic

Reactions that release energy to the surroundings.

A protein that acts as a catalyst in biochemical reactions.

A substance that increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed.

Vocabulary: Active site

The region on an enzyme where substrates bind.

Vocabulary: Denaturation

The process in which proteins lose their structure and function.

Adenosine triphosphate, the energy currency of the cell.

All of the chemical reactions within each cell of an organism, providing energy for life’s processes and creating key molecules.

The breaking and forming of bonds between different substances during chemical changes.

Overall, reactions absorb or release energy. Breaking a bond requires energy to be absorbed, while forming a bond allows energy to be released.

Law of Conservation of Energy

No energy in the system is lost; it just changes forms and may be released as heat, light, etc.

The amount of energy needed to make a chemical reaction start.

Substances that are changed during a chemical reaction.

Substances that are made by a chemical reaction.

Endothermic Reactions

Absorb energy in the form of heat or light, e.g., Photosynthesis.

Release energy in the form of heat or light, e.g., Cellular Respiration.

Key biochemical reaction for photosynthesis

6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

Key biochemical reaction for cellular respiration

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O

Role of enzymes in metabolic reactions

Enzymes control metabolic reactions by lowering activation energy.

Definition of catalysts

Substances that speed up reactions without being permanently altered.

Characteristics of enzymes

Enzymes are very specific and have an active site that fits only one substrate.

Importance of enzymes

Critical for the regulation of life’s processes in all organisms.

Denaturation causes an enzyme's active site to deform and lose its specific shape.

This leads to a loss of biological activity.

Causes of enzyme denaturation

Extreme changes in pH, temperature, ion strength, and solubility.

Renaturation of enzymes

Some enzymes can be 'renatured' to their original shape, but not always.

Ways to change the rate of a chemical reaction: Temperature

Increasing temperature increases the rate of the reaction because molecules move faster and collide more with each other.

Ways to change the rate of a chemical reaction: pH

pH indicates how acidic a solution is. Most enzymes work at very specific pH levels, so changes in pH can affect the speed of the reaction.

Ways to change the rate of a chemical reaction: Substrate Concentration

The higher the amount of substrate, the faster the reaction due to more particle collisions.

Ways to change the rate of a chemical reaction: Catalysts

Catalysts, like enzymes, speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy needed for the reaction to start.

Ways to change the rate of a chemical reaction: Competitive Inhibitor

Competitive inhibitors slow down reactions by competing with the substrate for the active site on the enzyme.

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

ATP is an energy-carrying molecule that carries/stores energy for cell functions. It is the main energy currency for the cell.

The energy you can use in the food you eat is stored in its chemical bonds.

To convert energy into a form your body can directly use, chemical bonds must be broken and new bonds formed.

ATP consists of a nitrogen base (adenine), a sugar ring (ribose), and three phosphate groups held together with high energy bonds.

ATP-ADP Cycle: Energy Storage

A lot of energy is stored in the bond between the last two phosphates.

Energy Release in ATP-ADP Cycle

Energy is released when a phosphate group is removed and added to another molecule.

Conversion of ADP to ATP

ADP becomes ATP when a phosphate group is added.

Recycling in ATP-ADP Cycle

ADP is recycled in the ATP-ADP cycle.

Energy and Biochemical Reactions Flashcards

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62 questions

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1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Enzymes play a crucial role in biochemical reactions like photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

Back

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up reactions.

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Five factors affect the rate of chemical reactions.

Back

Factors include temperature, concentration, surface area, catalysts, and pressure.

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Vocabulary: Metabolism

Back

The sum of all chemical reactions in a living organism.

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Vocabulary: Chemical reactions

Back

Processes that involve the transformation of substances.

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Vocabulary: Catabolic

Back

Reactions that break down molecules, releasing energy.

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Vocabulary: Anabolic

Back

Reactions that build up molecules, requiring energy.

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Vocabulary: Activation energy

Back

The minimum energy required to initiate a chemical reaction.

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