Reinforcement

Reinforcement

States of matter, materials, pH and rocks

Solids

• Fixed shape

• keep the same volume

• Can not be compressed

• e.g. Fruit, book, brick, shoe

• Its particles cannot flow

• Very close particles

• Strong attractive forces

Liquid

• Take the shape of the container they are in

• Can be poured

• Can be squashed but just a little

• Keep the same volume

• e.g. cooking oil, tap water, gasoline

• Particles can flow

• weak attractive forces

Gases

• Fill any closed container

• Can flow

• Its volume can change

• Can be compressed

• e.g. Wind, air inside balloons, smells of food

• Particles move freely in all directions

• 
  

Multiple Choice

At which state of matter is material A

• solid

• liquid

• gas

Multiple Choice

At which state of matter is material B

• Solid

• liquid

• gas

Open Ended

Describe what happens with the particles of a liquid when it is heated.

Metals

• Shiny

• conductors of heat and electricity

• malleable

• ductil

• High melting points

• Magnetic

• *Not all of them are the same

Non-metals

• Dull

• Brittle

• No conductors of heat or electricity

• No magnetic

• Low melting points

• 
  

• 
  

Multiple Select

Select the false statements about metals and non-metals

• All metals are magnetic

• Solid non-metals are brittle

• All metals are solid

• Metals conduct heat energy

• Non-metals are good conductors of electricity

Multiple Choice

This metal is very strong and is used to build bridges

• aluminum

• iron

• mercury

• helium

Multiple Choice

This metal is very light and is used for building aircraft

• iron

• aluminum

• mercury

• helium

Multiple Choice

This material is made from wood and can be made into thin sheets.

• Gold

• glass

• paper

• wood

Open Ended

Glass and plastic are very useful materials for packaging and storing food and drink.

Which properties of glass are a problem in transporting food and drink?

Its time for a rest!

Open Ended

You have used indicators in experiments.

*Chemistry lab

*Science virtual lab

Explain what an indicator does

Open Ended

Look at the experiment in the picture and answer:

1. What is the pH of the top part?
2. What is the pH of the bottom?
3. Which is the most alkaline part?

Layers of the earth

• Crust- Solid rock

• Mantle-molten

• Core-made of metals iron and niquel (Fe and Ni)

Continental drift

• In 1912 by Alfred Wegner

• Shapes of the continents fit together

• T.ypes of rocks of different continents match up

• Fossils of different continents match up

Rocks, minerals and soil

• Rocks: made up of grains of minerals

• Minerals: made of one chemical substance only.

• e.g. Granita which is the combination of quartz, feldspar and mica

• Soil: made up of rocks, minerals and humus (material from living beings)

Igneous rocks

• formed when magma cools

• When cooled under the soil, big crystals are formed

• When cooled outside in the surface, small crystals are formed

• e.g. Granite, basalt, pumice, tuff

Sedimentary rocks

• Made from little grains of sediment that are stuck together

• Made up of layers

• sometimes contain fossils

• Are porous

• e.g. limestone, sandstome.

Metamorphic rocks

• formed when heat and pressure change other rocks

• harder than the rocks from which they were formed

• movements of the earth's crust cause heating and squashing of rocks

• 
  

• 
  

Fossils

• formed from dead organisms that become part of a rock

• Tell us how some rocks were formed

• tell us about life on earth millions of years ago

Multiple Choice

The diagram shows a vertical section through an area of land.

Rocks A, B and C are sedimentary rocks. Rock D was formed from hot lava that cooled.

What type of rock is D?

• sedimentary

• igneous

• metamorphic

• fosil

Multiple Choice

The diagram shows a vertical section through an area of land.

Rocks A, B and C are sedimentary rocks. Rock D was formed from hot lava that cooled.

What type of rock is E?

• metamorphic

• igneous

• sedimentary

• fossil