1st Quarter Review

Pure Substances and Mixtures

Multiple Choice

A combination of rocks and water is an example of

• A mixture

• A solution

• A solute

Multiple Choice

A substance that contains only one type of atom is a(n)

• compound
• element
• heterogeneous mixture
• homogeneous mixture

Multiple Choice

What type of mixture is this?

• heterogeneous 

• homogeneous

Multiple Choice

Consider the following samples.

Which model accurately classifies the samples?

Multiple Choice

• Pure Substance

• MIxture

Multiple Choice

What is it?

• Pure Substance

• Mixture

Multiple Choice

What is it?

• Pure Substance

• Mixture

Multiple Choice

What is it?

• Pure Substance

• Mixture

Multiple Choice

What is it?

• Pure Substance

• Mixture

Multiple Choice

• Element

• Compound

• Homogeneous Mixture

• Heterogeneous MIxture

Multiple Choice

What is this?

• Element

• Compound

• Heterogeneous MIxture

• Homogeneous Mixture

Multiple Choice

What is this?

• Element

• Compound

• Homogeneous Mixture

• Heterogeneous Mixture

Multiple Choice

What is this?

• Element

• Compound

• Homogeneous Mixture

• Heterogeneous MIxture

Multiple Choice

What type of substance is pictured?

• element

• compound

• mixture

• solution

Multiple Choice

Which is a mixture of compounds?

Multiple Choice

What type of substance is pictured?

• element

• compound

• mixture

• solution

Multiple Choice

What type of substance is pictured?

• element

• compound

• mixture

Multiple Choice

Which is a mixture of compounds?

​Phase Changes

Open Ended

A phase change diagram is used to show the relationship between temperature, pressure and state of matter. Explain what is happening on the horizontal lines and why the lines are horizontal.

States of Matter

Remember that the state of matter is a Physical Property because the actual substance doesn't change, only the form changes.

Each State of Matter is defined by how their particles behave.

¹How close the particles are to one another, and ²how quickly they move determine what state of matter a substance is in.

There are 4 states of matter.

1. solid
2. liquid
3. gas
4. plasma

Multiple Choice

What line segment represents only the solid state? (Diagram F)

• A-B

• B-C

• C-D

• D-E

Multiple Choice

Between which points is the temperature of the substance remaining constant? (Diagram F)

• A-B only.

• A-B, C-D, E-F

• B-C only.

• B-C, D-E

Multiple Choice

True or false: melting and freezing occur at the same temperature!

• True
• False
• I don't know

Multiple Choice

A substance's heating curve is shown in the graph. What is its boiling point? (Diagram B)

• 100 C

• 60 C

• 80 C

• 20 C

Multiple Choice

Are the particles moving faster or slower as time goes on? (Diagram F)

• Faster

• Slower

Multiple Choice

Which line segment demonstrates vaporization occurring? (Diagram E)

• B-C

• C-D

• D-E

• E-F

Multiple Choice

How long does it take this substance to change from a liquid to a gas? (Diagram E)

• 1 minute

• 2 minutes

• 10 minutes

• 15 minutes

Multiple Choice

What happens when thermal energy is taken away from particles?

• They move faster and farther apart
• They move slower and closer together

Multiple Choice

During a phase change, the temperature

• increases
• decreases
• fluctuates
• stays the same

Solid

In a solid, particles are packed tightly together so they don't move much, but are dense. The electrons of each atom are constantly in motion, giving the atoms a small vibration, but they are fixed in their position.

Solids have a definite shape, as well as mass and volume, and do not conform to the shape of the container in which they are placed. 

Multiple Choice

What state of matter is represented in this picture?

• solid

• liquid

• gas

Liquid

In a liquid, the particles are more loosely packed than in a solid, but closely enough that it is not easily compressible.

The particles are able to flow around each other, giving the liquid an indefinite shape. Therefore, the liquid will conform to the shape of its container.

Multiple Choice

Which state of matter do the particles slip and slide past each other?

• solid

• liquid

• gas

Gas

In a gas, the particles have a great deal of space between them, so they move easily, and have high kinetic energy (energy of movement). When a gas is put under pressure by reducing the volume of the container, the space between particles is reduced and the gas is compressed.

Liquid on the other hand...

In a liquid, the particles are already close together, so it is not easily compressed.

Multiple Choice

What state of matter is represented in the picture above?

• solid

• liquid

• gas

Multiple Select

Which type(s) of matter have a definite volume?

• solid

• liquid

• gas

Multiple Choice

Which state of matter has the ability for its particles to be easily compressed?

• Solid

• Liquid

• Gas

• Plasma

Gas

A gas has no definite shape or volume. If unconfined, the particles of a gas will spread out indefinitely; if confined, the gas will expand to fill its container.

Multiple Select

Which type(s) of matter take on the shape of the container they are in?

• solid

• liquid

• gas

Plasma

Plasma is not a common state of matter here on Earth, but it may be the most common state of matter in the universe. Stars are essentially superheated balls of plasma. 

Plasma consists of highly charged gas particles with extremely high kinetic energy (energy in motion).

Think of plasma as gas, with an electrical charge.

More on plasma.

The noble gases (helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and radon) are often used to make glowing signs by using electricity to ionize (an atom with a charge) them to the plasma state. 

Multiple Choice

Which state of matter is much like a gas, but with particles that are charged?

• Solid

• Liquid

• Gas

• Plasma

Multiple Choice

While an object is melting, what happens to the temperature?

• increases

• decreases

• stays the same

Multiple Choice

In which state of matter are particles packed tightly together in fixed positions?

• gas 

• solid

• liquid

• plasma

Multiple Choice

Which has more energy?

• Hot water

• Room temperature water

• Ice water

Multiple Choice

Which state of matter contains particles that flow freely past one another?

• Solid

• Liquid

• Gas

• Plasma

Multiple Choice

In which state of matter do particles spread apart and fill all the space available to them? 

• crystal

• liquid

• gas

• solid

Multiple Choice

Which state of matter has a fixed volume and mass?

• Solid

• Liquid

• Gas

• Plasma

Multiple Choice

In a(n) _______________________, the particles are packed closely together, but they can move past each other freely. 

• solid 

• liquid

• gas

• plasma

Multiple Choice

Which state of matter fills a container?

• Solid

• Liquid

• Gas

• Plasma

Multiple Choice

In which state of matter are the particles least able to move?

• A

• B

• C

Multiple Choice

Which state of matter contains particles that slowly vibrate, but in a fixed position?

• Solid

• Liquid

• Gas

• Plasma

Multiple Choice

Particles in this state of matter are moving the fastest.

• solid

• liquid

• gas

Multiple Choice

At higher temperatures

• particles in an object have less energy

• particles in an object move faster

• a gas contracts

Multiple Choice

A gas

• has a definite shape but no definite volume

• has a definite volume but no definite shape

• has fast-moving particles

Multiple Choice

Which state of matter has a definite shape?

• Solid

• Liquid

• Gas

• Plasma

Multiple Choice

Superheating gas so that it becomes ionized is one of the methods to form this state of matter.

• Solid

• Liquid

• Gas

• Plasma

Multiple Choice

Atoms or molecules in this phase of matter have the highest energy.

• Solid

• Liquid

• Gas

• Plasma

Multiple Choice

When water sits in the freezer and freezes into ice, it is because the water has...

• gained mass

• gained energy

• lost mass

• lost energy

Multiple Choice

When ice sits out on a counter and melts, it is because the ice has...

• gained mass

• gained energy

• lost mass

• lost energy

Physical and Chemical Properties

Properties of Matter

All substances have properties that we can use to identify them. There are TWO basic types of properties:

PHYSICAL properties and CHEMICAL properties

• Does not change the identity or composition of matter

• ​Observed with senses or measurements

PHASE CHANGES are physical, since only the speed, spacing, and attraction of particles are altered.

Physical Properties

​

​Examples of Physical Properties

• magnetism​

• boiling point and freezing point

• density, mass, and volume

• viscosity (how thick a liquid is)

• size, shape, and color

• texture

• ​conducts electricity

​

• Describes how the substances may change when it transforms through a chemical reaction​ (reacts with another substance)

• Changes the identity of the original substance​

​Chemical Properties

Chemical changes can't be "undone", since the substance has changed into something new!

​Examples of Chemical Properties

• reactivity (reacting with other chemicals)

  • Signs of a chemical reaction to look for:

    • Release of heat or light

    • Color change

    • Formation of a gas

    • ​Formation of a precipitate (solid falling out of a liquid)

• pH (measuring how acidic or basic a solution is)

• flammability (how likely to burn)

  ​

Multiple Choice

You measure the DENSITY of a rock compared to water.

• physical property

• chemical property

Multiple Choice

A candle burning because the wick is flammable.

• physical property

• chemical property

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a physical property?

• flammability

• melting point

• density

• luster

Multiple Choice

A property that can only be observed when a substance reacts or does not react with another substance

• chemical property

• physical property

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is defined as the likelihood of a substance to undergo a chemical reaction?

• oxidation

• rusting

• reactivity

• flammability

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT an example of a chemical reaction?

• flammability

• oxidation

• reactivity

• melting point

The different densities of objects determines if it will sink or float in water.

​

Higher density than water will SINK!

Lower density than water will FLOAT!

​

The density of water is defined as 1 gram / milliliter³​

​What makes objects sink or float?

​

Multiple Choice

If water has a density of 1 g/cm³, what would an object with a density of 1.5 g/cm³ do in water?

• sink

• float

• I don't know

Multiple Choice

Which box has a higher density?

• A

• B

• They are the same

Multiple Choice

Put the liquids in order from most dense to least dense?

• 4, 3, 2, 1
• 1, 2, 3, 4
• 3, 4, 2, 1, 
• 4, 3, 1, 2

Multiple Choice

Which liquid is the least dense?

• oil
• water
• syrup 
• plastic bottle

Multiple Choice

In the picture, a can of Pepsi sunk and a can of Diet Pepsi are put into water. The Pepsi must be

• more dense than water

• less dense than water

• it has no density

• it has a density of 1 g/mL

Multiple Choice

Why does ice float

• Liquid water is less dense than solid water.

• Solid water is less dense than liquid water.

• Gaseous water is less dense than solid water.

• Liquid water is less dense than gaseous water.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following substances would float in water? (Hint: water has a density of 1g/cm³)

• gold

• rubber

• water

• cork

Multiple Choice

What is an example of a physical change?

• baking brownies

• explosion

• cutting paper

• rust on metal

Multiple Choice

Is baking a cake a physical or chemical change?

• Physical

• Chemical

Multiple Choice

Chopping wood

• physical change

• chemical change

Multiple Choice

Mixing different colored marbles

• physical change

• chemical change

Multiple Choice

Firework

• physical change

• chemical change

Multiple Choice

Making eggs for breakfast

• physical change

• chemical change

Multiple Choice

Burning wood

• physical change

• chemical change

Multiple Choice

Is a a rusting bicycle a chemical or physical change?

• chemcial
• physical

Multiple Choice

Is melting ice a chemical or physical change?

• chemical
• physical

Multiple Choice

Is spoiling food a physical or chemical change?

• phyiscal
• chemical

Multiple Choice

Salt dissolves in water

• physical Change
• chemical change

Multiple Choice

Which is a chemical change?

• freezing fruit juice
• slicing a potato
• boiling water
• copper metal turning green

Multiple Choice

what is the definition of physical change?

• any change that results in the formation of new chemical substances. 
• rusting
• changes affecting the form of a chemical substance, but not its chemical identity.

• any property that is measurable, whose value describes a state of a physical system

Multiple Choice

What is a chemical change?

• How two chemicals react with one another when combined

• A property that we can measure or observe with our 5 senses or other tools

• When two chemicals react with one another to form a new substance

• When a change occurs but it does not result in the formation of a new substance

Multiple Choice

A student mixes yellow powder with water. Which observation would prove a CHEMICAL change occurred?

• The powder DISSOLVED in the water

• The water turned the COLOR yellow

• The water's TEMPERATURE changed

• The STATE OF MATTER changed

Multiple Choice

Which of the following options provides evidence of a CHEMICAL change?

• Wood is burned releasing ash and smoke

• Rocks separate when soil is sifted

• Boiling water bubbles when heated

• Salt dissolves in water

Multiple Choice

Which of the following examples provides evidence of a PHYSICAL change?

• Wood is burned and releases ash and smoke

• Iron rusts over time

• When mixed, baking soda and vinegar form gas bubbles

• Boiling water bubbles when heated

Multiple Choice

When mixing milk and vinegar, a white, chunky, solid substance is formed. What has occurred?

• Physical change: state of matter

• Chemical change: precipitate

• Physical change: freezing

• Chemical change: new gas

Multiple Choice

You mix a yellow powder and a clear liquid. The liquid turns light yellow and the powder seems to disappear. This is a...

• Endothermic Chemical Change

• Exothermic Chemical Change

• Physical Change

Multiple Choice

What is a group

• Up and down row on the table

• Up and down column on the table

• Side to side row on table

• Side to side column on the table

Multiple Choice

What is a period

• Up and down row on the table

• Up and down column on the table

• Side to side row on table

• Side to side column on the table

Multiple Choice

What group is carbon in?

• 1

• 2

• 13

• 14

• 15

Multiple Choice

Why are noble gases not reactive

• Too few electrons

• Too many electrons

• They have a full set of electrons

• They need more electrons

Multiple Choice

How are elements on the periodic table arranged by?

• in alphabetic order
• simular physical & chemical properties
• their symbols
• Just simular physical properties

Multiple Choice

Each column in the periodic table is called a _________ .

• period
• group
• cluster
• unit

Multiple Choice

Two elements chemically bonded form

• element
• compound
• mixture
• solutions

Multiple Choice

Periods on the periodic table are __________.

• Horizontal Rows
• Vertical Columns

Multiple Choice

The Atomic number is known as the _______

• Number of electrons in an atom

• Number of Protons in an atom

• Number of neutrons in an atom

• Number of Protons and electrons in an atom

Multiple Choice

What charge do protons have?

• Positive

• Negative

• Neutral

Multiple Choice

What is Atomic Mass Number ?

• Number of Protons

• Number of Neutrons

• Number of Protons and Neutrons

• Number of Protons and Electrons

Multiple Choice

The number of electrons in an atom is equal to the...

• Atomic number

• Protons

• Atomic Mass

• Neutrons

Multiple Choice

The formula used to calculate the number of neutrons is:

• Mass Number - Atomic Number

• Protons + Electrons

• Atomic Number - Mass Number

• Protons x2

Multiple Choice

How many periods are on the periodic table?

• 5

• 6

• 7

• 8

Multiple Select

Elements in the same group have : (2 correct answers)

• Similar chemical properties

• Similar names

• Same number of outer (valence) electrons)

• The same number of protons

​Atoms

Atoms are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons

​

Protons are positive

Neutrons are neutral​

Electrons are negative ​

​

• Protons and neutrons are in the nucleus

• Electrons are on the outside

Multiple Choice

If an atom has 3 electrons, how many protons does it have?

• 1
• 2
• 4
• 3

Multiple Choice

What does the nucleus of an atom contain?

• Electrons and neutrons
• Protons and neutrons
• Neutrinos and positrons
• DNA and RN

Multiple Choice

How many atoms of Hydrogen are in H₂O

• 1

• 2

• 3

• more than 3

Multiple Choice

How many atoms of Hydrogen are in this compound?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Multiple Choice

Substances present at the start of a chemical reaction.

• subscripts

• reactants

• coefficients

• products

Multiple Choice

How many atoms of Carbon (C) are in C₆H₁₂O₆?

• 3

• 6

• 12

• 24

Multiple Choice

In chemical reactions, what does the principle of conservation of mass mean?

• Matter is not created or destroyed

• The total mass of the reactants is greater than the total mass of the products

• The total mass of the reactants is less than the total mass of the products

• Matter is not changed

Multiple Choice

Is this equation balanced?

N₂ + H₂ --> NH₃

• Yes

• No

Multiple Choice

Substances that form as the result of a chemical reaction

• products
• reactants
• coefficients
• subscripts

Multiple Choice

The Law of Conservation of Mass says that matter can neither be __________ or __________.

• created; destroyed

• recycled; renewed

• subtracted; added

• joined; separated

Multiple Choice

In a reaction A + B ----> C, reactant A has 5g and product C has 9g. How many grams does reactant B have?

• 4g

• 5g

• 9g

• 14g

Multiple Choice

If reaction starts with 20g of reactants it should produce 

• a total of 40g of products
• a total of 10g of products
• a total of 80 g of products
• a total of 20g of products