8.11-The Sun and Other Stars

​NOTES PAGES HERE

Chapter 11
Stars & Galaxies
Lesson 8.11.2-The Sun & Other Stars




Mrs. Freeman's Classroom (Notes to Print)

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Chapter 11-Stars & Galaxies
Lesson 8.11.1-The View from Earth

Let's take a look at the first question we will answer:

1. How do stars shine?

2. How are stars layered?

3. How does the sun change over short periods of life?

4. How do scientists classify stars?

Chapter 11-Stars & Galaxies
Lesson 8.11.1-The View from Earth

Let's take a look at the first question we will answer:

1. How do stars shine?

2.

3.

4.

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Stars

Open Ended

In your own words, explain what a star is.

Open Ended

What is the star closest to us?

THE SUN!

*When did our sun form?

*What are the layers of the sun?

*What is the composition of the sun?

*What happens in the center of the sun?

What are sunspots?

*How will our sun end it's life?

*What would happen if there was no sun?

Multiple Choice

When did the sun form?

• 4.6 billion years ago

• 2.6 billion years ago

• 46 years ago

• 5 million years ago

Multiple Select

Which of the following are parts of the sun?

• convective zone

• corona

• hydrosphere

• biosphere

• photosphere

Multiple Select

What are some of the elements found in the sun? (choose ALL correct answers)

• carbon

• hydrogen

• oxygen

• nitrogen

• helium

Fill in the Blank

Hydrogen atoms fuse together to make helium in a process called ______ _____ which releases lots of energy/radiation, electricity, and solar wind.

Fill in the Blank

______ are dark spots on the surface of the sun, where there are strong pockets of magnetism.

Multiple Choice

How will our sun end its life?

• explode

• black dwarf

• white dwarf

• cosmic dust

Open Ended

What would happen if there was NO sun? Give 2 facts.

WOW!

So, if the sun stopped shinning, how long would it take for us to know?

Fill in the Blank

The Sun is a Yellow Dwarf ______.

Fill in the Blank

The sun core is primarily made of two gases that interact in nuclear fusion.

These gases are Hydrogen and ___________.

Fill in the Blank

Over____________Earths would fit inside the Sun.

Fill in the Blank

Heliocentric means _____ _________.

Fill in the Blank

Nuclear fusion of Helium and Hydrogen occurs in the ________.

Chapter 11-Stars & Galaxies
Lesson 8.11.1-The View from Earth

Let's take a look at the second question we will answer:

1.

2. How are stars layered?

3.

4.

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Multiple Choice

Label part 1

• #1 Core

• #1 Radiation zone

• #1 Convection zone

• #1 Photosphere

Multiple Choice

Label part 6

• #6 Prominences

• #6 Corona

• #6 Sunspots

• #6 Photosphere

Multiple Choice

Label Part 3

• #3 Chromosphere

• #3 Radiation zone

• #3 Convection zone

• #3 Photosphere

Chapter 11-Stars & Galaxies
Lesson 8.11.1-The View from Earth

Let's take a look at the third question we will answer:

1.

2.

3. How does the sun change over short periods of life?

4.

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Earth's energy budget allows us to track how much energy is coming in and going out. ​Incoming solar energy is either: Reflected or Radiated back to space, or Absorbed.  About 71% of the total incoming solar energy is absorbed by the Earth system.

​Where Does ALL the Sun's Energy Go?!

Multiple Choice

Earth's energy budget tracks how much energy flows in and out of Earth's climate.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Earth's energy budget tracks how much energy flows in and out of Earth's climate.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

A giant eruption of plasma from the sun

• Solar flares

• Sunspots

• Prominences

Multiple Choice

A huge loop of plasma that connects sunspots.

• Solar flares

• Sunspots

• Prominences

Multiple Choice

Cooler areas of plasma on the surface of the sun.

• Solar flares

• Sunspots

• Prominences

Multiple Choice

Large eruptions of heated gas from the Sun's surface are called

• Prominences

• Solar winds

• Sunspots

• Solar flares

Multiple Choice

The corona sends out a stream electrical particles called the

• Solar flares

• Solar winds

• Sunspots

• Prominences

Fill in the Blank

The Sun's layers, from innermost to outermost, are the core, the ___________, and the convection zone.

Fill in the Blank

The visible part of the sun is called the _________

Multiple Choice

What is the outermost layer if the sun's atmosphere? (Looks like a white halo)

• Photosphere

• Chromosphere

• Corona

Multiple Choice

What layer of the sun's atmosphere gives off visible light?

• Photosphere

• Chromosphere

• Corona

Multiple Choice

The layer that glows red. We can only see it during an eclipse.

• Photosphere

• Chromosphere

• Corona

Sunspots

Sunspots are areas of plasma that are cooler than the plasma around them.

Solar Flares

When prominences connect, they produce a large amount of energy. When the energy become too much, it explodes. These eruptions are called solar flares.

Prominences

Huge loops of polarized plasma that connect sunspot regions

Multiple Choice

A giant eruption of plasma from the sun

• Solar flares

• Sunspots

• Prominences

Multiple Choice

A huge loop of plasma that connects sunspots.

• Solar flares

• Sunspots

• Prominences

Multiple Choice

Cooler areas of plasma on the surface of the sun.

• Solar flares

• Sunspots

• Prominences

Chapter 11-Stars & Galaxies
Lesson 8.11.1-The View from Earth

Let's take a look at the last question we will answer:

1.

2.

3.

4. How do scientists classify stars?

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Multiple Choice

Which image represents nuclear fusion?

• A

• B

Multiple Choice

Which is the hottest star?

• Star A

• Star B

Multiple Choice

Which one physical property that all stars have?

• They are made of gases.

• They shine very brightly

• They have a triangular shape

• They contain iron in their cores

Multiple Choice

Which characteristic is used to measure the amount of llight radiated by a star?

• size

• color

• luminosity

• temperature

Multiple Choice

Which color are the hottest stars?

• blue

• orange

• red

• yellow

Multiple Choice

True or False: The sun is much bigger than most of the stars in the sky.

• True 
• False

Multiple Choice

What is a large celestial body that is composed of gas and emits light?

• Planet

• Nebula

• Moon

• Star

Multiple Choice

A dark area of the photosphere that is cooler than the surrounding areas. Forms in areas of strong magnetic fields

• Photosphere

• Shade

• Sunspot

• Corona

Multiple Choice

________________ is the brightness of a star as seen from earth.

• luminosity

• apparent magnitude

• absolute magnitude

• star brightness

Multiple Choice

___________ is a measure of how bright a star would be if it were seen from a standard distance

• luminosity

• absolute magnitude

• apparent magnitude

• star brightness

Multiple Select

The closest star to earth is

• Polaris

• the North Star

• the sun

• Tatooine

Multiple Choice

A layer of charged gas that forms a stars outer atmosphere

• Photosphere

• Sun

• Sunspot

• Corona

Multiple Choice

The center of the star. Energy is produced here through nuclear fusion.

• Middle

• Core

• Photosphere

• Corona

8.8A Components of the Universe, H-R Diagram Review

Components of the Universe, H-R Diagrams

• We will describe components of the universe, including stars, nebulae, and galaxies, and use models such as the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram for classification by viewing the Quizizz slides.

• I will describe components of the universe, including stars, nebulae, and galaxies, and use models such as the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram for classification by answering questions with 100% accuracy.

Multiple Choice

Two stars are identified on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram below.

Based on this diagram, how do the characteristics of Star 1 and Star 2 compare?

• Star 1 is cooler and less bright than Star 2

• Star 1 is hotter and brighter than Star 2

• Star 1 is cooler and brighter than Star 2

• Star 1 is hotter and less bright than Star 2

Multiple Choice

Star brightness is defined in terms of apparent magnitude. Apparent magnitude is how bright the star appears from Earth.

How does the brightness of white dwarfs compare to the brightness of the Sun?

• The Sun is less bright than white dwarfs.

• White dwarfs are less bright than the Sun

• White dwarfs and the Sun have the same brightness

• White dwarfs are not seen from Earth, therefore you can not compare the brightness.

Multiple Choice

The Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram is used to classify stars in terms of luminosity and temperature. Brighter stars are shown at the top of the diagram, while fainter stars are shown in the lower part of the diagram. Stars on the left side of the diagram are hotter than stars on the right side of the diagram.

Which of the following statements best describes the main sequence stars?

• The main sequence stars are brighter than the White Dwarfs. The very hot, extremely small stars are located in group D.

• The main sequence stars are located in group B. The main sequence stars are much brighter than the Giants located in group C.

• The main sequence stars are located in group D. Main sequence stars trend from extremely bright stars in the lower right corner to cool, faint stars in the upper left corner of the diagram. The Sun is an example of a main sequence star.

• The main sequence stars are located in group A. These stars trend from cool, faint stars in the lower right corner to hot, extremely bright stars in the upper left corner of the diagram. The Sun is an example of a main sequence star.

Multiple Choice

Our Sun is one of the many stars that has been classified as average. Its luminosity and its temperature place it in the middle of the ___ area of the H-R diagram.

• Main Sequence

• White Dwarf

• Red Giant

• Super giant

Multiple Choice

According to the diagram, which of these types of stars has the greatest luminosity?

• Hot white dwarf

• Hot main sequence star

• Cool super giant

• Cool giant

Multiple Choice

Most of the stars in the universe fit onto one of the four areas on this Hertzsprung-Russell diagram.

Which area of the diagram represents the Supergiants?

• Area M

• Area X

• Area P

• Area Z

Multiple Choice

The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram shows how the sun is classified among the stars.

A star that is several thousand times brighter than the sun with a temperature lower than 4,000 K would be classified as __________.

• a main-sequenced star in spectral class B

• a supergiant in spectral class K

• a main-sequence star in spectral class K or M

• a white dwarf in spectral class B

Multiple Choice

Stars are classified on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram according to their absolute magnitude and their surface temperatures at a given time in a star’s life cycle. What classification would a star have if it was very hot and very bright?

• Main Sequence

• White Dwarf

• Supergiant

• Giant

Multiple Choice

Which Star is the HOTTEST?

• Blue

• Red

• Orange

• Yellow

Multiple Choice

Which Star is the COOLEST?

• Blue

• Red

• Orange

• Yellow

Multiple Choice

The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram shows how the sun is classified among the stars.

A star that is several thousand times brighter than the sun with a temperature lower than 4,000 K would be classified as __________.

• a main-sequenced star in spectral class B

• a supergiant in spectral class K

• a main-sequence star in spectral class K or M

• a white dwarf in spectral class B

Multiple Choice

Which star is the hottest?

• Yellow Star

• Red Star

• Orange Star

• Blue Star

Multiple Choice

Compared to the rest of the stars, our sun is considered...

• red Extremely Large and Cold

• white Small with a medium temperature

• yellow Medium size with medium temperature

Multiple Choice

Which category is our Sun located in?

• White Dwarfs
• Supergiants
• Main Sequence
• Giants

Multiple Choice

Which spectral class does our star, the sun, belong to?

• M
• K
• G
• F

Multiple Choice

As a whole, Giants are considered hotter than White Dwarfs.

• True
• False

Multiple Choice

True or False: White dwarfs are warmer and dimmer than giants.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Which star is considered a supergiant?

• Sirius B

• Sun

• Betelgeuse

• Van Maanan's Star

Multiple Choice

Which star is considered a giant star?

• Mira

• Zeta Arindani

• Barnard's Star

• Betelgeuse

Multiple Choice

Which star is considered a main sequence star?

• Vega

• Betelgeuse

• Pollux

• Van Maanan's Star

Multiple Choice

Which star is hotter than Deneb

• Procyon

• Sun

• Regel

• Banard's Star

Multiple Choice

In the diagram given, what happens as we move to the left?

• Stars Get Larger
• Stars get Colder
• Stars get hotter