CA Remediation AKS 1a/b & 4

AKS 1a/b & 4a-c Remediation

​Chapter 10.1 "Radioactivity" Learning Objectives

• Explain what happens during nuclear decay

• Identify and explain the three main types of nuclear radiation

• Describe how the different types of nuclear radiation affect atoms

​Nuclear Decay

• Radioactivity: Natural process where an unstable atomic nucleus emits charged particles and energy

• Radioisotope: Atom with an unstable nucleus

• Nuclear Decay: Atoms (radioisotopes) of one element spontaneously change into atoms of a different element (e.g., U-238 decays to Th-234)

Multiple Choice

Radioactivity

• Any atom containing an unstable nucleus

• Process where an unstable atomic nucleus emits charged particles

• Atoms of one element change into atoms of a different element or elements

• Total protonic reversal (shout out to "Ghost Busters")

Multiple Choice

Radioisotope

• Any atom containing an unstable nucleus

• Process where an unstable atomic nucleus emits charged particles

• Atoms of one element change into atoms of a different element or elements

• Total protonic reversal (shout out to "Ghost Busters")

Multiple Choice

Nuclear Decay

• Any atom containing an unstable nucleus

• Process where an unstable atomic nucleus emits charged particles

• Atoms of one element change into atoms of a different element or elements

• Total protonic reversal (shout out to "Ghost Busters")

​Types of Nuclear Radiation

• Nuclear Radiation: Charged particles and energy emitted from nuclei of radioisotopes

• Three Types of Nuclear Radiation:

  • Alpha Particles

  • Beta Particles

  • Gamma Rays

Multiple Choice

Nuclear Radiation is best defined as

• Charged particles and energy emitted from nuclei of radioisotopes

• Non-charged particles and energy emitted from nuclei of radioisotopes

• Charged particles and energy retained in nuclei of radioisotopes

• Non-charged particles and energy emitted from nuclei of radioisotopes

Multiple Choice

Which is NOT a type of Nuclear Radiation?

• Alpha Particles

• Beta Particles

• Gamma Rays

• C Rays

​Alpha Decay

• Alpha Particle: Positively charged atomic particle with two protons and two neutrons (e.g., like Helium without the two electrons)

• Alpha Decay: Nuclear decay that releases alpha particles = a nuclear reaction (expressed similarly to a balanced chemical reaction)

• Alpha particles are the least penetrating type of nuclear radiation

Multiple Choice

Alpha Particles can be stopped by a single piece of paper.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Alpha particles are weak, but they travel long distances.

• True

• False

​Beta Decay

• Beta Decay: Thorium-234 nucleus experiences Beta Decay, where one of its neutrons decomposes into one proton and one electron, creating

• The new proton stays trapped in Thorium's nucleus and the electron is released as negatively charged radiation called Beta Particles

• Beta Particle: An electron emitted by an unstable nucleus

  • Electrons negatively charged assigned a -1 Atomic Number

  • Electrons have negligible mass compared to Protons = 0 Mass Number

• Beta Particles are more penetrating than Alpha Particles (smaller mass and faster speed)

Multiple Choice

Beta Particles cannot be stopped even by a thick sheet of metal.

• True

• False

​Gamma Decay

• Nuclear Radiation emitted from an unstable nucleus in the form of Gamma Rays (not charged particles like Alpha and Beta Particles)

• Gamma Radiation has no mass and no charge

• Gamma Rays are energy waves that travel through space at the speed of light (see Electromagnetic Spectrum)

• During Gamma Decay, mass of the atom stays the same, but the energy of the nucleus decreases.

• Often happens during/alongside Alpha or Beta Decay

Multiple Choice

Gamma Rays are much more penetrating than Alpha or Beta Particles.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

In Gamma Decay, the nucleus _____________ energy.

• increases

• decreases

• maintains the same energy

• it's the electrons that decrease in energy not the nucleus

Multiple Choice

Complete the nuclear equation and determine the type of decay that is occurring in this reaction. 

• alpha
• beta
• gamma
• none

Multiple Choice

What type of decay?

• alpha
• beta
• gamma

Multiple Choice

Arrange in order of increasing ability to penetrate matter.

• Beta, gamma, alpha
• Alpha, gamma, beta
• Gamma, beta, alpha
• Alpha, beta, gamma

Multiple Choice

Balance the following equation:
¹⁴₆C --> ⁰_-1e + ________

• ¹⁴₅B
• ¹⁴₆C
• ¹⁴₇N
• ⁴₂He

Multiple Choice

Which type of nuclear radiation is being emitted here?

• Alpha
• beta
• gamma 
• none

Multiple Choice

What particle completes this reaction?

• alpha particle
• beta particle
• gamma particle
• neutron

Multiple Choice

Identify the missing variable in the following reaction.

Multiple Choice

Identify the missing variable in the following reaction.

Radiometric Dating and Half-life

The time it takes for a radioactive isotope to decay is measured using a term called half-life.

The half-life of a radioactive substance is the time it takes for half of its unstable atoms to break
down into daughter products.

Isotopes that are extremely unstable decay quickly

Multiple Choice

The half-life of Carbon-14 is 5,730 years. Carbon-14 decays into Nitrogen-14.

After 5,730 years, how much of the sample would become Nitrogen-14?

Hint: Half-life represents the time required for half of the substance to decay.

• 25%

• 50%

• 75%

• 100%

The half-life of the radioactive isotope is a critical factor. It determines the timescale over which decay occurs and helps determine the appropriate dating method.

​

Half-Life

What is a Half Life?

• The rate that an element decays never changes

• Half Life: the amount of time it takes for half of a radioactive element to decay

Ohio Grade 8 | Lesson 6.3

Fill in the Blank

After 4 Half-lives, what will the percentage of radioactive material be?

Multiple Choice

After 22,800 years, approximately what percentage of the original carbon-14 remains?

• 15%

• 12.5%

• 6.25%

• 3.125%

Multiple Choice

What is the half-life of iodine-131?

• 32 days
• 8 days
• 16 days
• 24 days

Multiple Choice

The % of the parent isotope remaining after 1 Half Life.

• 50%

• 25%

• 12.5%

• 6.25%

ISOTOPES

Atoms with the same number of protons and a

different number of neutrons

ISOTOPE NOTATION:

Multiple Choice

How many protons does this isotope of titanium have?

• 48
• 22
• 26
• 70

Multiple Choice

which atom has  4 neutrons?

• Li-6
• Li-7
• Li-8
• they have the same # of neutrons

Multiple Choice

How many neutrons does the isotope below have?     ⁸⁹ ₃₆Kr

• 53
• 36
• 89
• 125

Multiple Choice

Carbon has an atomic number of 6 and an atomic mass of 12. Which elements are considered isotopes of carbon?

• Carbon-12
• Carbon-13
• Carbon-14
• Both Carbon-13 and Carbon-14

Multiple Select

Atomic mass = ______ + _______

• Electrons

• Neutrons

• Protons

• Nucleus

Multiple Choice

Isotopes of the same element have the same number of

• Electrons

• Protons

• Neutrons

• Elements