Organizing the Elements

There are 118 elements known to man .


How are these elements elements arranged ?



Why is it important that the elements are arranged?

The Periodic Table

The 118 elements known to man are also arranged in a way to make it easier for us to find and study by placing them in the PERIODIC TABLE

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THE PERIODIC TABLE

Objectives:

• Discuss the main criteria used in organizing elements in the periodic table

• Understand the information that is given on each element in the periodic table

• Correctly identify the location of metals , nonmetals and metalloids

• Give examples of metals , metalloids and nonmetals

• Differentiate between Groups and Periods

• Understand that the reactivity of elements decrease as one move from left to right

• Understand that elements in same group has similar properties

• The periodic Table was developed by the Russian Dmitri Mendeleev

• As he arranged them he noticed that the elements when grouped together based on increasing atomic mass had similar properties.

• He noticed that properties grouped together based on Atomic mass had similar properties

•  For example, he knew that after Fluorine the next heaviest one was sodium

• He could then predict elements that were not yet discovered

Multiple Choice

Mendeleev left gaps in his periodic table because

• the table was too small.

• protons belonged there.

• the table was too full.

• no known elements fit there.

Multiple Choice

How was Mendeleev's periodic table arranged?

• by increasing atomic mass

• by decreasing atomic mass

• by increasing atomic number

• by decreasing atomic number

Multiple Choice

In Mendeleev's periodic table, elements in each column had similar

• atomic masses.

• properties.

• atomic numbers.

• symbols.

• The periodic table has one square for each element

• Information on the square includes ; atomic number, chemical symbol, name, and atomic mass

• The atomic mass is usually an average of the isotopes of all the atoms of that elements

Multiple Choice

The atomic mass is

• 26

• 78

• 14

• 55.845

Multiple Choice

The chemical symbol in this element box is

• 26

• Fe

• Iron

• 55.845

Multiple Choice

The atomic number is

• 26

• Fe

• Iron

• 55.845

• Today's periodic table is patterned based on Mendeleev table

• However, the ATOMIC NUMBER is used to arrange the elements in the periodic Table

​What do you notice about the Atomic number as you go from left to right ?

• The periodic table is arranged in rows called periods and columns called groups

• There are 7 periods in the modern periodic table

• There are 18 columns or groups. The groups are also called families and are given the name of the element that is at the top

Multiple Choice

The order of elements in the modern periodic table is based on an element's

• atomic number.

• name.

• chemical symbol.

• atomic mass.

Multiple Choice

Elements in an elemental family have similar

• atomic symbols.

• atomic sizes.

• atomic weights.

• chemical properties.

Multiple Choice

Each column of the periodic table is

• an element.

• a group.

• an isotope.

• a period.

Multiple Choice

A row on the Periodic Table of Elements

• family

• period

• row

• isotope

Multiple Choice

A grouping of elements based on similar chemical properties, arranged by columns in the periodic table; also known as a group

• family

• period

• row

• isotope

Multiple Choice

Find the element on Period 3 and Group 17. What is

this element’s chemical symbol?

• F

• Br

• Cl

• I

Multiple Choice

Find the element on Period 3 and Group 1. What is

this element’s chemical symbol?

• F

• Br

• Na

• I

Multiple Choice

Find the element on Period 5 and Group 10. What is

this element’s chemical symbol?

• F

• Ni

• Pd

• IAu

Multiple Choice

Find the element on Period 4 and Group 3. What is

this element’s chemical symbol?

• Sc

• Ti

• K

• IAu

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• The properties (characteristics ) of an element can be predicted from its location in the periodic table

Reactivity

• Elements to the left are more reactive than those to the right

• Group 1 elements are the most reactive while group 18 elements are the least reactive

Mass

• As one go down the the group the atomic mass increases .

• Ex. Hydrogen and Lithium are in Group 1 but in different periods . As one go down the period the mass increases , H =1.008 while Lithium =6.94, K= 39.098

Metals vs. Nonmetals

The elements are organized in a way that separates metals from non metals.

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Metals are found to the left and non metals to the right

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Metals

• More than 75% of elements are metals

• Metals are more reactive than nonmetals

• Group 1-12 are the metals

• Group 1 are called called Alkali Earth Metal which is the most reactive

• Group 2 are called Alkaline Earth Metals

• Group 3-12 are the least reactive metals and are called Transition metals

• Transition Metals are the least reactive metals

Characteristic of metals

• Shiny

• Can conduct electricity

• Ductile : Can be drawn out in wire

• Malleable : Can be rolled out in different shape

• Metals are very reactive

• Solid at Room Temperature

Lanthanide and Actinide

• These Elements are found below the Periodic Table

• Lanthanides are mixed with other more common elements to form Alloy

• An Alloy is a mixture of metals

Metalloids

• In between metals and nonmetals are Metalloids

• Partially metal and nonmetals

• Look like metals but behave like nonmetals

• Zigzag line on periodic table identify metalloids

Characteristic of metalloids

• Solid

• Shiny

• Solid at room Temperature

• Very Brittle

• Semi conductor of heat and electricity

Multiple Choice

The three main groups of elements are metals, nonmetals, and

• inert gases.

• alkali metals.

• radioactive isotopes.

• metalloids.

Multiple Choice

Most of the  elements on the periodic table  are

• metals.

• nonmetals.

• metalloids.

• semiconductors.

Open Ended

Group 1 and 2 elements are never found uncombined in nature. Explain why

Multiple Choice

The periodic table is mostly comprised of what type of element?

• Metals

• Nonmetals

• Metalloids

Multiple Choice

The elements that touch the zigzag line on the Periodic Table are called

• metals

• nonmetals

• metalloids

• gasses

Multiple Choice

Which color on the image of the periodic table corresponds with the transition metals.

• red

• black

• blue

• orange

Multiple Choice

What is the name of group number 2?

• transition metals

• halogens

• metaloids

• alkaline earth metals

Multiple Choice

What is the name of group number 1?

• halogens

• noble gases

• alkali metals

• alkaline earth metals

Multiple Choice

Metals are located on the

________ side of the

Periodic Table.

• ZIG-ZAG

• LEFT

• RIGHT

• BOTTOM

Multiple Choice

Which of these is a property of metals?

• It's malleable
• It can't conduct electricity
• They are used in food
• It's very brittle

Multiple Choice

Silicon is a semiconductor and has properties of both metals and nonmetals. What type of element is Silicon? 

• Metal
• Nonmetal
• Metalloid
• Pretty

Multiple Choice

Which color on the image of the periodic table corresponds with the metalloids.

• bright yellow

• gold

• teal

• light blue

Multiple Choice

where are the metaloids found

• far left, vertical

• stair step/diagonal

• far right horizontal

• at the bottom

Open Ended

Name a Metalloid

Non metals

• Nonmetals lack the characteristics of metals

• Nonmetals starts at group 14 and is mixed in with metals up to group 17

Nonmetals families

• Carbon : Group 14

• Nitrogen: Group 15

• Oxygen : Group 16

• Halogen: Group 17

• Noble Gases : Group 18 least reactive of all

Characteristics of Nonmetals

• Poor Conductor of Electrcity and heat

• Reactive

• Solid nonmetals are dull and brittle

Multiple Choice

Which family of elements is very stable and does not combine with other elements unless under special conditions in a laboratory?

• Noble gases

• Halogens

• Metalloids

• Alkaline earth metals

• Actinides

Multiple Choice

Which color on the image of the periodic table corresponds with the halogens.

• red

• black

• blue

• orange

Multiple Choice

Which halogen is found in period 4?

• Krypton (Kr)

• Xenon (Xe)

• Bromine (Br)

• Iodine (I)