Antonymy and Physiology: Chapter 2

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes 'mass' as defined in basic chemistry?

• The gravitational force acting on an object

• Anything that occupies space and has mass

• Amount of matter in an object

• The ability to do work

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes the difference between an element and an atom?

• An element is the simplest form of matter, while an atom is the smallest particle of an element.

• An atom is the simplest form of matter, while an element is the smallest particle of an atom.

• An element contains protons, electrons, and neutrons, while an atom does not.

• An atom is made up of only protons and neutrons, while an element contains electrons.

Open Ended

Compare the atomic structures of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen atoms as shown in the planetary models. What are the key differences in their subatomic particles?

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements about subatomic particles is correct?

• Protons are positively charged and located inside the nucleus.

• Neutrons are negatively charged and located outside the nucleus.

• Electrons are positively charged and located inside the nucleus.

• Protons are neutral and located outside the nucleus.

Fill in the Blank

The nucleus of an atom contains ___ and ___.

Multiple Select

Select all statements that are true about atomic number and mass number.

• Atomic number is the number of protons in each atom.

• Mass number is the number of protons and neutrons in each atom.

• Atomic number is the number of electrons in each atom.

• Mass number is the number of electrons and neutrons in each atom.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes an ion?

• A charged atom formed by sharing electrons

• A charged atom formed by donation or gain of electrons

• A neutral atom

• A molecule with a symmetrical charge

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements about covalent bonding is correct?

• Covalent bonding occurs when atoms transfer electrons

• Covalent bonding occurs when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons

• Covalent bonding only occurs between metals

• Covalent bonding results in the formation of ions

Fill in the Blank

A covalent bond forms when the electrons are ___ between the nuclei because the electrons are equally attracted to each nucleus.

Open Ended

Explain the difference between hydrogen bonds and ionic or covalent bonds in terms of their strength and how they form.

Multiple Select

Which of the following are characteristics of polar molecules?

• Asymmetrical electrical charge

• Symmetrical electrical charge

• Equal sharing of electrons

• Unequal sharing of electrons

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes a hydrogen bond?

• A strong bond formed between two nonpolar molecules

• A weak attraction between the positive end of one polar molecule and the negative end of another polar molecule

• A bond formed by sharing electrons between atoms

• A bond formed by transferring electrons from one atom to another

Open Ended

Explain the difference between a molecule and a compound, providing an example of each.

Fill in the Blank

A compound is a chemical combination of two or more different types of ___ .

Multiple Choice

What are the substances called that enter into a chemical reaction?

• Products

• Reactants

• Catalysts

• Solvents

Multiple Choice

Which type of chemical reaction is energy-releasing and results in the breakdown of a molecule?

• Synthesis reaction

• Decomposition reaction

• Combustion reaction

• Exchange reaction

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes an exchange reaction?

• A combination of synthesis and decomposition reactions

• A reaction that only involves synthesis

• A reaction that only involves decomposition

• A reaction that produces only water

Open Ended

Explain the difference between reversible reactions and equilibrium, providing an example from the slides.

Fill in the Blank

Fill in the blank: Kinetic energy is energy in ___.

Multiple Select

Which of the following statements about chemical energy is/are correct?

• Chemical energy is a form of potential energy stored in chemical bonds

• Food molecules such as glucose contain potential energy

• The breakdown of ATP to ADP releases energy

• Chemical energy is only found in inorganic molecules

Fill in the Blank

A catalyst increases the rate of a reaction without itself being permanently ___ or depleted.

Open Ended

List and describe two factors that influence the rate of a chemical reaction.

Multiple Choice

What is the difference between mass and weight as described in basic chemistry?

• Mass is the amount of matter in an object, while weight is the gravitational force acting on the object.

• Mass is the gravitational force acting on an object, while weight is the amount of matter in an object.

• Mass and weight are the same thing in chemistry.

• Mass is only measured in solids, while weight is measured in liquids and gases.