Energy and Life Day 1-ATP

Cellular Respiration and The Importance of ATP

Drag and Drop

Complete the statements below by choosing the correct biomolecule.



​

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, such as glucose, provide us with quick energy source. ​

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, which include fats, store energy that can be used later. ​

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, which are composed of amino acids, help with muscle growth and repair. ​

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, which include DNA and RNA, play a major role in the storage and expression of genetic information.

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Proteins

Nucleic acids

Multiple Choice

What happens in dehydration synthesis?

• Two compounds are separated with the addition of water

• Two compounds are combined with the addition of a water molecule

• Two compounds are joined with the loss of a water molecule

• Two compounds are broken down into smaller molecules

Multiple Choice

What happens in hydrolysis?

• Two compounds are joined with the loss of a water molecule

• Two compounds are separated with the addition of water

• Two compounds are broken down into smaller molecules

• Two compounds are combined with the addition of a water molecule

Multiple Choice

What is the relationship between dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis?

• They have no relationship

• They are unrelated chemical reactions

• They are the same process

• They are opposite processes

Hotspot

Click on the Hydrolysis Reaction

Hotspot

Click on the Dehydration Synthesis

Fill in the Blank

Hydrolysis _____

Fill in the Blank

Synthesis _____

Multiple Choice

NASA estimates that every second roughly 173,000 terawatts of energy leave the sun to travel to Earth. How much of that energy reaches Earth?

• 173,000 terawatts

• 170,000 terawatts

• 1.73 terawatts

• about 67 terawatts

Open Ended

Why?

​Process	​Reactants (Raw Materials/Used)	​Goal Product (What we WANTED to make)	​"Waste" Product (What got made alongside the Goal)
​Photosynthesis	​Water, Carbon Dioxide, Light Energy	​Glucose	​Oxygen
​Cellular Respiration	​Glucose and Oxygen	​ATP (Cellular Energy)	​Water, Carbon Dioxide

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Think of Goal product and Waste product like you're buying a Reese's. Your GOAL is the candy. The WASTE is the liner it sits in and the wrapper

What is energy?

Energy is the ability to do work. Energy exists in many different forms; chemical, heat, light, electrical, and movement. Energy can be stored as Potential Energy. When the potential energy stored in food is released, it can be measured in calories.
1st Law of Thermodynamics (AKA Law of Conservation of Energy) – Energy cannot be created or destroyed. It can only change form.

2nd Law of Thermodynamics – When energy is being transformed, some is unavailable to do work and is released as heat. This increases the entropy (randomness/disorder) of the universe

Not all of the calories in food are transformed into movement energy. Most of it is lost to the environment as heat (Thermal Energy).

How do cells use energy?

Living Cells use energy to do anything which requires work, including but not limited to:

1. Movement

2. Change Shape

3. Making Cell Parts (Synthesis)

4. Repairing Cell Parts (Synthesis)

5. Transport Food & Nutrients

6. Expel Wastes

Multiple Choice

Which graphic organizer best compares the energy inputs and outputs of cellular respiration and photosynthesis?

How do cells use energy?

Living Cells use energy to do anything which requires work, including but not limited to:

1. Movement

2. Change Shape

3. Making Cell Parts (Synthesis)

4. Repairing Cell Parts (Synthesis)

5. Transport Food & Nutrients

6. Expel Wastes

The CHEMICAL energy stored in food (calories) is released by a process called Cellular Respiration. Much of the energy released during Cellular Respiration is used to synthesize (make) ATP. At every energy transfer, some energy is lost as heat. Energy flows through life in a one-way stream, meaning it cannot be recycled!

Multiple Choice

What process occurs in between Sunlight and Chemical Bonds in Glucose

• Photosynthesis

• Respiration

• Fermentation

• Glycolysis

Multiple Choice

What happens when you build something in terms of energy and bonds?

• You break bonds and release energy

• You make bonds and store energy

• You do not affect energy or bonds

• You only release energy

Where is energy stored anyway?

Energy is stored and released in CHEMICAL BONDS (remember back in the Properties of Water unit?). Chemical Bonds Store and Release energy depending on if they are being MADE (Storing Energy) or Broken (Releasing Energy).

​Synthesize/Make Bonds	​Break Bonds/Digest/Decay
​STORE ENERGY	​RELEASE ENERGY

Multiple Choice

Which of the following are part of the three components that make up an ATP molecule?

• Adenine

• Ribose

• Two Phosphate Groups

• Glucose

<-Three of these

What is ATP

ATP stands for Adenosine Triphosphate. It provides energy for cellular work.

Mechanical– movement (moving cargo inside cells, muscle contraction, cells changing shape, motor proteins- walking on cytoskeleton)

Transport– pumping substances across membranes (NA+, K+, H+, Ca+)

* Fact- Biggest energy users are ATP pumps in brain cells enable neurons to communicate with each other

Chemical– metabolic reactions (photosynthesis & respiration, DNA replication, protein synthesis)

ATP is often called the ENERGY CURRENCY of the cell, or "The Cell Battery". I personally think of it like one of those "Pullback Car" toys. You'll see why in a bit

What is ATP

The ribose and adenine together make up Adenosine.

ADP – adenosine diphosphate (adenine, ribose, 2 phosphates)
ATP – adenosine triphosphate (adenine, ribose, 3 phosphates

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​CHARGED FORM	​uncharged form
​ATP (three phosphates)	​ADP (two phosphates)

Drag and Drop

Based on the diagram from the last slide, the part of ATP that stores energy is the

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Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

Third Phosphate

Second Phosphate

First Phosphate

Adenosine

Adenine

Ribose

Labelling

Label the diagram

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

3 Phosphates

Ribose

Adenine

Hotspot

Click on all of the phosphate groups

Hotspot

Which area is Adenosine?

What is ATP

The phosphate groups of ATP STORES energy like a coiled spring.
It takes energy to put the outer phosphate in place (like pulling back on the toy car), and this energy is RELEASED when it is removed (like the toy car).
Energizes other molecules by transferring phosphate. We call this Phosphorylation.

Enzymes catalyze this reaction, specifically ATP Synthase works as motor to align an ADP and a Phosphate group next to each other to form A TON of ATP. Breaking apart the ATP into ADP + P requires another protein, or in some cases RNA.

FACT: A working muscle cells uses 10 million molecules of ATP every second

Multiple Choice

What is the process of making bonds by taking out a H2O molecule called?

• Hydrolysis

• Dehydration Synthesis

• Condensation

• Synthesis

Multiple Choice

Using the figure, which parts of the molecule must the bonds be broken to form an ADP molecule?

• A and B
• B and C
• C and D
• all of the above

Fill in the Blank

The image is an example of a ___________ reaction.

In your table groups, answer the following questions on your whiteboard.

a) Can you buy a gumball under the given circumstances? _____________________
b)What must you do in order to get a gumball from the machine? _____________________________________
c) What does the $100 in savings represent? ________
d)What does the $20 bill represent? _______________
e)What does the quarter represent? ________
f)What does the process of getting the “ correct change” represent?

Consider the following analogy: imagine that you have $100 in your savings account at the bank. You go to the ATM machine and withdraw #20 ( the machine only gives $20 bills). You go to the mall, see a gumball machine and decide that you want to buy a gumball. The gum costs $.25. You actually have enough money to buy 420 gumballs, but the machine only takes quarters. You only have a twenty-dollar bill with you.

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