Many marketers now embrace a ________ strategy, integrating ethnic and cross-cultural perspectives within their mainstream marketing.

• total market

• cultural marketing

• viral marketing

• social marketing

• cause marketing

________ are people within a reference group who, because of special skills, knowledge, personality, or other characteristics, exert social influence on others.

• Opinion leaders

• Late mainstream adopters

• Strangers

• Barnacles

• Lagging adopters

What is the most important consumer buying organization in society?

• leading adopters

• the family

• membership groups

• reference groups

• aspirational groups

Which of the following is a personal factor that influences a consumer's buying behavior?

• life-cycle stage

• motivation

• status

• family

• social networks

Which of the following is a psychographic characteristic of a consumer?

• gender

• age

• lifestyle

• occupation

• economic status

Which of the following needs in Maslow's hierarchy is generally satisfied last?

• physiological

• social

• esteem

• self-actualization

• safety

Traditionally, consumers have received the most information about a product from ________ sources—those controlled by the marketer.

• public

• personal

• commercial

• experimental

• experiential

Which of the following is a commercial source of product information?

• acquaintances

• family and friends

• dealer and manufacturer websites and mobile sites

• consumer rating organizations

• Internet searches

________ is a discomfort caused by postpurchase conflict.

• Selective retention

• Cognitive dissonance

• Selective attention

• Restraint bias

• Subliminal perception

In which of the following stages of the adoption process does a consumer consider whether trying a new product makes sense?

• interest

• adoption

• evaluation

• awareness

• trial