Physiological adaptations to training

The table shows the features of training programs A and B. An untrained individual is considering participating in one of these programs for a period of 8 weeks.

Which of the following statements best compares a physiological adaptation the individual would most likely experience from these programs?

• Program B will result in a greater increase to stroke volume than Program A.

• Program A will result in a greater increase to stroke volume than Program B.

• Program A will result in a more significant decrease to resting heart rate than Program B.

• Program B will result in a more significant increase to resting heart rate than Program A.

Which group of physiological adaptations is likely to occur in athletes who have participated in an aerobic training program at sub-maximal levels for 8 weeks?

• Increased cardiac output, decreased stroke volume, muscle atrophy

• Increased cardiac output, increased lung capacity, muscle hypertrophy

• Decreased resting heart rate, increased stroke volume, increased haemoglobin level

• Decreased resting heart rate, increased oxygen uptake, decreased haemoglobin level

Athletes are training for a 14 -kilometre fun run. Which combination of physiological adaptations are they aiming to achieve?

• Increased stroke volume, reduced resting heart rate, increased lactate tolerance

• Reduced stroke volume, reduced resting heart rate, increased haemoglobin levels

• Increased stroke volume, increased muscle hypertrophy, reduced lactate tolerance

• Reduced stroke volume, reduced muscle hypertrophy, increased haemoglobin levels

Compared to an untrained person, a trained endurance athlete is likely to have a

• lower resting heart rate.

• higher resting heart rate.

• increased fast-twitch fibre concentration.

• decreased fast-twitch fibre concentration.

The physiological adaptation that is likely to occur from progressively overloading a strength-training program is an increase in

• muscle hypertrophy.

• cardiac muscle capacity.

• muscle contraction speed.

• the number of fast twitch muscle fibres.