5.2 - Conduction, Convection and Radiation(16pts.)

The transfer of energy through matter by the direct contact of particles is called​ (a)   .

• conduction

• convection

• radiation

• kinetic energy

Answer explanation

Conduction is the transfer of energy through matter by direct contact of particles, making it the correct choice in this context.

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​ (a)   is the transfer of energy in the form of electromagnetic waves.

• Radiation

• Convection

• Conduction

• Potential Energy

Answer explanation

Radiation is the transfer of energy in the form of electromagnetic waves, making it the correct choice.

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Which type of energy transfer does not require matter?

• Conduction

• Convection

• Radiation

• Transmission

Answer explanation

Radiation is the type of energy transfer that does not require matter because it can travel through a vacuum or empty space.

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Which of the following types of thermal energy transfer is primarily responsible for heating the water?

[Select all that apply]

• conduction

• convection

• radiation

• nuclear radiation

• gravity

Answer explanation

Conduction and convection are primarily responsible for heating the water by transferring thermal energy through direct contact and movement of fluid, respectively.

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Conduction can occur in solids, liquids, and gases.

Explain why solids and liquids are better conductors than gases.

• Solids and liquids are better conductors of thermal energy because collisions occur much more frequently between the particles of solids and liquids than between the particles of gases

• Solids and liquids are better conductors of thermal energy because solids and liquids have higher specific heat

• Solids and liquids are better conductors of thermal energy because empty space can transfer electromagnetic radiation

• Solids and liquids are better conductors of thermal energy because gasses do not have mass

Answer explanation

Solids and liquids are better conductors of thermal energy because collisions occur much more frequently between the particles of solids and liquids than between the particles of gases

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How will the thermal energy, in room A, move from the pot to its handle? (a)  

• Conduction

• Convection

• Radiation

• From the Iron

• From the Fireplace

Answer explanation

The thermal energy in room A will move from the pot to its handle through conduction, as conduction is the transfer of heat through direct contact between objects.

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How will the thermal energy, in room D, move from the Iron to the clothes? (a)  

• Convection

• Radiation

• From the Iron

• From the Fireplace

• Conduction

Answer explanation

The thermal energy in room C will move from the Iron to the clothes through conduction, as conduction is the transfer of heat through direct contact between materials.

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Residual heat from Earth's formation, and radioactive elements in Earth’s core and mantle decay and give off heat. As parts of the mantle heat up, they become ​ (a)   and rise to the base of the crust. When the material cools it then ​ (b)   . Deeper down, the mantle material heats up again and rises to the surface. This up and down movement is a ​ (c)   current.

• less dense

• sinks

• convection

• more dense

• rises

• conduction

Answer explanation

The correct choices are less dense, sinks, and convection. As the mantle material heats up, it becomes less dense, rises to the base of the crust, then cools and sinks. This movement is known as convection.

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HS-ES2-3

The Sun’s energy ​ (a)   Earth’s atmosphere. High above Earth in the stratosphere, solar radiation is intense. Earth’s surface directly absorbs about half of the ​ (b)   energy from the Sun. This energy transfers to​ (c)   on Earth’s surface. The natural process in which certain gases in the atmosphere warm a planet as they absorb and emit infrared radiation is the ​ (d)   . The greenhouse effect keeps Earth warm by absorbing and trapping heat near the surface.

• greenhouse effect

• heats

• radiant

• global climate change

• cools

• convection

• thermal energy

Answer explanation

The correct answers are related to the process of the greenhouse effect, which involves the absorption and trapping of heat near Earth's surface by certain gases in the atmosphere.

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HS-ES2-3

Oceanic currents happen because of what type of thermal energy transfer?

• Conduction

• Convection

• Radiation

• Nuclear

Answer explanation

Oceanic currents happen due to convection, which is the transfer of thermal energy through the movement of fluids.

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