Chapter 14

gene expression

• process where RNA directs protein synthesis

• process where DNA directs protein synthesis

• process where RNA directs gene functions

• process where DNA directs gene functions

transcription

• synthesis of mRNA using DNA info

• copies DNA exactly using base pairing

• copies DNA exactly

• synthesis of polypeptide

site of translation

• cytoplasm

• nucleus

• endoplasmic reticulum

• ribosomes

eukaryotic cell

• DNA locked in nucleus

• no restrictions for DNA

• translation happens right away

• RNA processing

prokaryote cell (ex. bacteria)

• DNA locked in nucleus

• no restrictions for DNA

• translation happens right away

• RNA processing

primary transcript

• intitial DNA transcript from gene prior processing

• intial DNA transcript from gene after processing

• initial RNA transcript from gene prior processing

• initial RNA transcript from gene after processing

central dogma

• cells governed by cellular chain of command

• genetic information flows in variety of ways

• genetic information flows only in one direction

• DNA --> RNA --> Protein

template strand

• template for ordering DNA

• template for ordering mRNA

• always same strand for any gene

• opposite strand may be template strand for different gene

codons

• mRNA base triplet

• read in 3' to 5' end

• read in 5' to 3' end

• no codon can code for more than one amino acid

reading frame

• dividing sequence of nucleotides in DNA into consecutive, non-overlapping triplets

• dividing sequence of nucleotides in RNA into consecutive, non-overlapping triplets

• must be read correctly for polypeptide production

• read in codons