Câu hỏi về Hormones và Hệ Nội tiết

Hormones are chemical signals secreted into where to be transmitted throughout the body?

• Lymphatic system

• Nervous system

• Circulatory system (blood)

• Intercellular space

What type of signal transmission is it where the cell that secretes the hormone is also the target cell?

• Endocrine

• Paracrine

• Autocrine

• Synaptic

What group of hormones does steroid hormone belong to and what are its characteristics?

• Water-soluble, binds to membrane receptors

• Lipid-soluble, diffuses through cell membranes

• Polypeptide, moves freely in the blood

• Amino, secreted via exocytosis

What type of receptor do water-soluble hormones, such as polypeptides, bind to?

• Intracellular receptor (in the cytoplasm)

• Cell membrane receptor

• Nuclear receptor

• No receptor needed

What is the most common regulatory mechanism that helps maintain homeostasis?

• Positive feedback

• Negative feedback

• Coordinated regulation

• Competitive regulation

When the concentration of Ca²⁺ in the blood decreases, which hormone will the parathyroid gland secrete?

• Calcitonin

• PTH (Parathyroid hormone)

• Vitamin D

• Thyroxine (T4)

Which of the following is NOT an effect of the hormone PTH?

• Stimulates the release of Ca²⁺ from bones

• Increases Ca²⁺ reabsorption in the kidneys

• Activates vitamin D to increase Ca²⁺ absorption in the intestines

• Stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete Calcitonin

What pair of hormones does the adrenal medulla secrete in response to short-term stress (the "fight or flight" response)?

• Cortisol and Aldosterone

• Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

• Insulin and Glucagon

• T3 and T4

What condition can result from the deficiency of T3 and T4 in the blood due to the inhibition of the feedback mechanism?

• Adrenal insufficiency

• Increased blood sugar

• Goiter (thyroid enlargement)

• Osteoporosis

Which hormone stimulates another endocrine gland to secrete hormones?

• Insulin

• Adrenaline

• ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone)

• Calcitonin