TIB Tutorial for 4th Sep 2025

In the tourism chain of distribution, tour operators are best described as:

• Retailers

• Wholesalers

• Producers

• Consolidators

Which of the following is an example of a regional sectoral organization?

• UN Tourism

• IATA

• PATA

• MMPRC

When a tour operator purchases its own airline, it is an example of:

• Horizontal integration

• Vertical integration (forward)

• Vertical integration (backward)

Which of the following organizations belongs to the public sector?

• Travel insurance companies

• Private visa agencies

• National tourism organizations

• Advertising agencies

The 2016 merger between Marriott International and Starwood Hotels is an example of:

• Vertical Forward integration

• Vertical Backward integration

• Horizontal integration

• Voluntary union

True or false? Travel agents usually carry stock of holiday packages.

• True

• False

True or false? Destination organizations are made up of only private sector tourism bodies.

• True

• False

True or false? Ancillary providers include services such as travel insurance and freelance guides.

• True

• False

True or false? Horizontal integration occurs when companies at different levels of the tourism chain combine.

• True

• False

Airlines usually sell their unsold seats to the: