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WorksheetsMidterm Review Bio
Total questions: 131
Worksheet time: 3hrs 1mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
Why do multicellular organisms produce new cells?
a)
to advance the growth of the organism
b)
to replace old cells or cells that are not working well
c)
to heal a tear or wound
d)
all of the listed answers
2.
A substance made up of DNA and protein is
a)
chromosome
b)
chromatid
c)
chromatin
d)
centromere
3.
The region where sister chromatids are joined together is the
a)
centromere
b)
gene
c)
histone
d)
nucleosome
4.
A human usually has _____ total chromosomes.
a)
6
b)
22
c)
4
d)
46
5.
This is why everyone is different from their parents and siblings.
a)
mitosis
b)
meiosis
c)
fission
d)
radiation
6.
Requires only one parent
a)
sexual
b)
asexual
c)
heterosexual
d)
non-sexual
7.
Which process and type of resulting cells are represented?
a)
mitosis, gametes
b)
mitosis, body cells
c)
meiosis, gametes
d)
meiosis, body cells
8.
Which of the following cell types is formed by meiosis?
a)
muscle cells
b)
skin cells
c)
sperm cells
d)
blood cells
9.
Which statement correctly describes meiosis?
a)
cells divide only once
b)
meiosis does not occur in reproductive cells
c)
the cells produced at the end of meiosis are genetically identical to the parent cell
d)
The cells produced at the end of meiosis contain half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell
10.
Which of the following best describes meiosis?
a)
It is carried out in all tissues theat require cell replacement
b)
It occurs only in cells in the reproductive structures of an organism
c)
It happens in all of the tissues except the brain and spinal cord
d)
It is the first stage of mitosis
11.
Which best describes the process shown?
a)
mutation in which the DNA content of the gene is ltered
b)
segregation of sister chromatids
c)
condensation and segregation of the alleles
d)
crossing-over
12.
How is the process used to produce sex cells different from the process used to produce body cells?
a)
only the process used to make sex cells uses spindle fibers
b)
only the process used to make sex cells produces haploid cells
c)
only the process used to make sex cells can result in mutations
d)
only the process used to make sex cells requires DNA replication
13.
When an area of a chromatid is exchanged with the matching area on a chromatid of its homologous chromosome, _________________ occurs
a)
crossing over
b)
mutagenesis
c)
hybridization
d)
fertilization
14.
How many sperm are produced through the process of meiosis?
a)
Two that are identical.
b)
Two that are unique.
c)
Four that are identical.
d)
Four that are unique.
15.
A haploid cell has
a)
one-half of a set of chromosomes
b)
one set of chromosomes
c)
two sets of chromosomes
d)
four sets of chromosomes
16.
Crossing over is important because....
a)
It prevents mutations from entering the gametes.
b)
It allows for even distribution of chromosomes in the gametes.
c)
It allows for more genetic diversity of gametes.
d)
It allows for genetic uniformity of gametes.
17.
Crossing over occurs in...
a)
Prophase 1
b)
Prophase 2
c)
Metaphase 1
d)
Metaphase 2
18.
How many cells are created during Telophase II?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
19.
During meiosis I, what happens?
a)
Sister chromatids are split
b)
Homologous chromosomes are split
c)
Four cells are created
d)
None of the other choices are correct
20.
How many eggs are produced through the process of meiosis?
a)
one
b)
two
c)
four
21.
The cells produced via meiosis are called:
a)
gametes
b)
somatic cells
c)
body cells
d)
skin cells
22.
What phase is shown in the picture?
a)
anaphase 1
b)
anaphase 2
c)
metaphase 1
d)
telophase 1
23.
meiosis results creates special cells called gametes that have exact copies of the parents cells genetic material
a)
true
b)
false
24.
What phase is shown in the picture?
a)
anaphase 1
b)
anaphase 2
c)
metaphase 1
d)
telophase 1
25.
What phase is shown in the picture?
a)
metaphase 2
b)
metaphase 1
c)
anaphase 1
d)
prophase 2
26.
The two ways to increase genetic variation during meiosis are crossing over and _____
a)
Synapsis
b)
Tetrad
c)
Independent assortment
d)
Gameiosis
27.
How many times do cells go through interphase during meiosis?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
28.
The formation of egg cells is called
a)
Synapsis
b)
Oogenesis
c)
Spermatogenesis
d)
Cytokinesis
29.
A tetrad is:
a)
A homologous pair
b)
Synapsis
c)
The haploid number
30.
Synapsis and formation of a tetrad, as well as crossing over occur during:
a)
Prophase I
b)
Prophase II
c)
Metaphase I
d)
Metaphase II
31.
a)
Prophase
b)
Interphase
c)
Anaphase
d)
Telophase
32.
a)
Anaphase
b)
Cytokinesis
c)
Telophase
d)
Metaphase
33.
Nuclear membrane forms around chromosomes and begins to separate.
a)
Anaphase
b)
Telophase
34.
a)
Cytokinesis
b)
Interphase
c)
Anaphase
d)
Metaphase
35.
a)
Anaphase
b)
Cytonkinesis
c)
Interphase
d)
Prophase
36.
a)
Cytokinesis
b)
Anaphase
c)
Telophase
d)
Prophase
37.
The phase in mitosis where chromosomes move away and are pulled apart by spindles to opposite sides of the cell.
a)
prophase
b)
anaphase
c)
metaphase
d)
telephase
38.
Which is Metaphase?
a)
A
b)
E
c)
C
d)
F
39.
A chromatid is attached to a spindle fiber by the
a)
nucleolus
b)
deep furrow
c)
centromere
d)
centriole
40.
Which phase comes NEXT?
a)
prophase
b)
metaphase
c)
anaphase
d)
telophase
41.
the two halves of the doubled chromosome structure
a)
centromeres
b)
sister chromatids
c)
spindle
d)
tissues
42.
Why would it be important to replicate DNA before a cell divides in mitosis or meiosis?
a)
In order for genetic information to be transferred into daughter cells.
b)
In order for the cell to be able to increase in size.
c)
In order for the DNA to be contained in the nucleus.
d)
In order for the cell to re-order the DNA sequencing in the new cells.
43.
In mitosis, the two resulting cells are
a)
different from the starting cell and identical to each other.
b)
different from the starting cell and different from each other.
c)
identical to the starting cell and different from each other.
d)
identical to the starting cell and identical to each other.
44.
What is the name of the structure labeled X?
a)
Centriole
b)
Centrosome
c)
Chromatid
d)
Chromosome
45.
The cell membrane pinches in, dividing the cytoplasm into 2 cells
a)
Metaphase
b)
Anaphase
c)
Telephase
d)
Cytokinesis
46.
If there are 16 chromosomes in the egg cells of an organism, how many chromosomes would be found in its muscle cells?
a)
16
b)
8
c)
32
d)
64
47.
Structure A refers to the _____.
a)
chromatid
b)
chromosome
c)
centromere
48.
This picture shows which process?
a)
mitosis
b)
meiosis
c)
the cell cycle
49.
DNA is replicated during ______ of the cell cycle.
a)
G1
b)
S
c)
G2
d)
G0
50.
The time between cell divisions in the life cycle of the cell is called
a)
anaphase
b)
interphase
c)
prophase
d)
metaphase
51.
Bacteria divide through a procell called binary fission
a)
True
b)
False
52.
what are the sex cells for a male
a)
XX
b)
XY
53.
The longest phase of the cell cycle
a)
prophase
b)
interphase
c)
metaphase
d)
mitosis
54.
As a cell grows, its ___ increases more than its ___.
a)
length, volume
b)
width, surface area
c)
volume, surface area
d)
none of these
55.
The causes of cancer may include which of the following?
a)
environmental influences
b)
UV radiation
c)
viruses
d)
all of these
56.
Complex molecule that carries genetic information that defines an organism's traits. It is stored in the nucleus.
a)
DNA
b)
protein
c)
RNA
d)
glucose nucleic acid (GNA)
57.
How many alleles (letters) do each person carry for a trait?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
58.
How many alleles (letters) does a child get from each parent for each trait?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
59.
Dominant alleles are represented by a:
a)
Male gene
b)
lowercase letter
c)
recessive trait
d)
capital letter
60.
Aa, DD, bB, yy are all examples of
a)
genotypes
b)
phenotypes
61.
In a heterozygous genotype, the ___________ allele takes over in the phenotype.
a)
recessive
b)
dominant
c)
lower case letter
d)
both
62.
What you see, or the physical appearance.
a)
Genotype
b)
Phenotype
c)
Homozygous
d)
Heterozygous
63.
T - tall and t = short
In the punnett square below, what belongs in the missing square
In the punnett square below, what belongs in the missing square
a)
tt
b)
Tt
c)
Bb
d)
TT
64.
B = brown eyes
b = blue eyes
What is true about these two brothers that have brown eyes?
One has genotype BB the other Bb.
b = blue eyes
What is true about these two brothers that have brown eyes?
One has genotype BB the other Bb.
a)
they have same phenotype and genotype
b)
they have different genotypes and phenotypes
c)
they have same phenotype but different genotypes
d)
they have same genotype but different phenotypes
65.
aa always shows up as
a)
dominant
b)
recessive
66.
AA and Aa always show up as
a)
dominant
b)
recessive
67.
Aa is
a)
homozygous
b)
heterozygous
68.
What ratio of the offspring from the cross shown will be homozygous recessive for the trait of tallness?
a)
0 in 4
b)
1 in 4
c)
2 in 4
d)
4 in 4
69.
Which of the following genotypes is heterozygous?
a)
Bb
b)
BB
c)
bb
d)
B
70.
In a pedigree, what shape represents a male?
a)
circle
b)
square
c)
triangle
d)
diamond
71.
What type of heredity is shown in the pedigree?
(hint: check your notes - "modes of inheritance")
(hint: check your notes - "modes of inheritance")
a)
Sex-Linked Dominant
b)
Sex-Linked Recessive
c)
Autosomal Dominant
d)
Autosomal Recessive
72.
Which of the characteristics is a lion least likely to pass on to its offspring?
a)
fur color
b)
length of tail
c)
scars on leg
d)
body size
73.
Who is considered the "father of genetics"?
a)
Gregor Mendel
b)
Reginald Punnett
c)
James Watson
d)
Justin Bieber
74.
The scientific study of heredity is ____.
a)
Genetics
b)
Punnett squares
c)
Inheritance
d)
Biology
75.
The monarch butterfly responds to seasonal changes by traveling far distances. This adaptation is known as:
a)
Migration
b)
Hibernation
c)
Physiological change
d)
Natural Selection
76.
Which of the following statements best describes how adaptations benefits an organism?
a)
It guarantees that the organism will survive
b)
It increases an organism's chances of survival
c)
It guarantees that an organism will have a stout beak
d)
It increases an organism's chance of becoming extinct
77.
natural differences in an inherited trait
a)
Asexual
b)
Uniform
c)
Variation
d)
Overproduction
78.
a new organism (seed, puppy, spore, kitten) produced by reproduction of a living thing
a)
Theory
b)
Diversity
c)
Offspring
d)
Species
79.
organisms that are better adapted (more fit) to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully than organisms that are less adapted to their environment
a)
Extinction
b)
Artificial Selection
c)
Variation
d)
Natural Selection
80.
parents produce more offspring than can possibly survive
a)
Evolution
b)
Variation
c)
Overproduction
d)
Extinction
81.
the process by which populations change over time
a)
Extinction
b)
Evolution
c)
Population
d)
Mutation
82.
Which of the following is a term for a group of similar organisms that can reproduce fertile offspring?
a)
individual
b)
population
c)
species
d)
fossil
83.
Which of the following is a fossil?
a)
a plant that has recently died
b)
a group of organisms that can reproduce
c)
a structure or organ that no longer functions
d)
a trace of an organisms that existed in the past
84.
In natural selection, the selective agent is the
a)
humans
b)
mutations
c)
breeders
d)
environment
85.
a bird that can easily outcompete other birds for food and that can produce many eggs has a high
a)
sexuality
b)
mutation rate
c)
fitness
d)
adaptability
86.
which of the following is an example of a vestigial structure?
a)
the wings of a red-tailed hawk
b)
the hind limbs of a house cat
c)
the fins of sharks
d)
the wings of an ostrich
87.
Which of the following describes natural selection
a)
it acts on genetic material directly
b)
it acts on existing physical traits
c)
it forms new traits
d)
it forms new genetic material
88.
What is suggested by the similarity of early embryos of different species of vertebrates?
a)
no evolutionary relationships between the groups
b)
recent common ancestry
c)
similar environments in the past
d)
evolution from a distant common ancestor
89.
If an organism has a vestigial structure, that structure likely once had a function in a(n)
a)
close relative
b)
early ancestor
c)
unrelated organism
d)
embryological stage
90.
Some organisms that share a common ancestor have features that have different functions, but similar structures. These are known as
a)
vestigial structures
b)
analogous structures
c)
homologous structures
d)
fossil structures
91.
Two organisms that are closely related would have
a)
very similar DNA sequence
b)
exactly the same DNA sequences
c)
no proteins in common
d)
completely different DNA sequence
92.
Protein sequences in one organism that resemble those of another suggest a
a)
coincidence
b)
lack of evolutionary relationship
c)
great number of mutations
d)
shared ancestry
93.
A measure of how commonly a particular allele occurs in a population is known as the
a)
gene pool
b)
allele frequency
c)
mutation rate
d)
phenotype
94.
Genetic variation can arise from a random change in the DNA of a gene. The change is called a(n)
a)
mutation
b)
gene flow
c)
gene pool
d)
allele
95.
What increases genetic variation when animals move from one population to another
a)
genetic drift
b)
sexual selection
c)
bottleneck effect
d)
gene flow
96.
The five-factors of speciation are gene flow, genetic drift, mutation, natural selection and ....
a)
sexual selection
b)
controlled mating
c)
emigration
d)
immigration
97.
Mutations are important because they bring about
a)
death of the organism in which they develop
b)
genetic variation needed for a population to evolve
c)
benefits for the individual, not for the population
d)
Hardey-Weinberg equilibrium within a population
98.
What is speciation?
a)
combining of tow species to form one with different traits
b)
isolation that affects mating behaviors
c)
timing of mating that prevents normal sexual selection
d)
divergence of two or more species from an existing one
99.
The hind leg bones in a whale are examples of
a)
homologous structures
b)
analogous structures
c)
fossils
d)
vestigal structures
100.
What is the process in which humans breed organisms for certain traits?
a)
natural selection
b)
inheritance
c)
artificial selection
d)
descent without modification
101.
Combined alleles of all individuals in a population is called
a)
phenothype
b)
gene pool
c)
mutation rate
d)
allele frequency
102.
Structures that have common evolutionary origins, provide evidence for common ancestor.
a)
Species
b)
Vestigial Structures
c)
Population
d)
Homologous Structures
103.
Group of organisms all of the same species, living in the same place at the same time.
a)
gene pool
b)
population
c)
species
d)
evolution
104.
Scientist who proposed the theory of Natural Selection.
a)
Hardy
b)
Weinburg
c)
Darwin
d)
Einstein
105.
How would you describe this evolution?
a)
Homologous structure
b)
Analogous structure
c)
Structural adaption
d)
Functional adaption
106.
A horse and a donkey can successfully mate to produce offspring known as a mule. Mules are sterile . Would mules be classified as a species?
a)
Yes, mules have enough of their own traits to be considered a species.
b)
Yes, the fact that have different number of chromosomes makes them a different species
c)
No, mules are too similar to the parent species
d)
No, due to their inability to reproduce successfully.
107.
If I wanted to look at DNA to study evolution, I am using what evidence?
a)
comparative anatomy
b)
embryology
c)
fossil record
d)
molecular
108.
Any difference between organisms of the same species
a)
Homologous Structure
b)
Radioactive Dating
c)
Mutation
d)
Variation
109.
Why would a population with a large amount of genetic variation be more likely to survive a severe climate change in its environment?
a)
Individuals will only create offspring well-suited to the climate change
b)
The individuals would produce more offspring
c)
Individuals better suited to the new climate will help less-suited individuals survive
d)
Some individuals will posses traits better suited to the new climate and be more likely to pass them on
110.
What is it called when humans breed organisms together based on traits we like.
a)
Evolution
b)
Natural Selection
c)
Extinction
d)
Artificial Selection
111.
Study of embryos of various organisms
a)
natural selection
b)
embryology
c)
speciation
d)
evolution
112.
Structures with the same parts have different functions; suggests that organisms share a common ancestry
a)
vestigial structures
b)
homologous structures
c)
adaptive radiation
d)
fossil
113.
What type of genetic drift occurs when the population size is greatly decreased?
a)
Founder's Effect
b)
Bottleneck Effect
c)
Intrasexual Selection
d)
Intersexual Selection
114.
The diagram above shows an embryo of different vertebrates at different stages of development. Which field of study would support the similarities in development as evidence for evolution?
a)
comparative biochemistry
b)
paleontology
c)
comparative biogeography
d)
comparative anatomy
115.
The Table below shows the # of differences in amino acids in a protein called “Cytochrome C” when comparing humans to other organisms. The protein is used by many plants and animals to convert energy in cells.
List the 4 closest human relatives based on this biochemical comparison.
List the 4 closest human relatives based on this biochemical comparison.
a)
chimpanzee, horse, rattlesnake, snapping turtle
b)
chimpanzee, gorilla, rhesus monkey, horse
c)
fruit fly, bread mold, tuna fish, snapping turtle
d)
gorilla, rhesus monkey, rattlesnake, gorilla
116.
When comparing amino acid sequences for hemoglobin in humans, horses and gorillas, which two were most closely related?
a)
horses and gorillas
b)
horses and humans
c)
humans and horses
d)
humans and gorillas
117.
When scientists compare animals currently living on different continents, they often find those with similar characteristics, who are not actually close relatives, living in similar environmental conditions even though they are geographically very distant. One example is the Anteater/Armadillos of the Americas and the Pangolin of Africa. What can we deduce from this evidence?
a)
Living things can adapt similarly to similar environments over time.
b)
Living things do not change over time
c)
They must all have the same recent common ancestor
d)
I don’t know
118.
What do scientists generally find when comparing the relationship of living things in different geographic areas?
a)
Species living further apart geographically typically share a more recent common ancestral species than those living closer together
b)
Species living closer geographically typically share a more recent common ancestral species than those living further apart
c)
The location of where an organism lives gives no insight into their evolutionary relationships to other species
d)
Their protein sequences depend on the protein intake from the local watering hole.
119.
A fossil of an extinct dinosaur is found and the anatomy of the fossil shows similarities to that of a bird. What could this mean?
a)
This is purely by chance and isn't significant
b)
The extinct dinosaur and modern bird share a common ancestor
c)
All dinosaurs evolved into birds and that's why there aren't any dinosaurs alive today
d)
Dinosaurs choose to fly, and evolved into birds to escape predation and capture food
120.
Slow, subtle changes that accumulate over time is an example of
a)
gradualism
b)
punctuated equilibrium
c)
both
d)
neither
121.
Changes within a single gene pool is
a)
microevolution
b)
macroevolution
c)
cumulative specitation
d)
isolation
122.
what did Charles Darwin observe in finch populations of the Galapagos Islands off the coast of South America?
a)
different species on different islands
b)
all species on one of the islands
c)
identical species on all the islands
d)
the same species as North America
123.
Over time, adaptions can lead populations to experience
a)
environmental changes
b)
genetic changes
c)
geological changes
d)
extinction
124.
All rabbits living in a particular area would be an example of a(n)
a)
population
b)
species
c)
fossil
d)
individual organism
125.
The following pic shows what type of adaptation?
a)
physiological
b)
behavioral
c)
structural
d)
mutation
126.
What type of adaptation is migration?
a)
mutation
b)
behavioral
c)
physiological
d)
structural
127.
If I wanted to look at DNA to study evolution, I am using what evidence?
a)
comparative anatomy
b)
embryology
c)
fossil record
d)
molecular
128.
Individual organisms can develop traits throughout their life that help them survive and reproduce and then pass those developed traits on to their offspring.
a)
true
b)
false
129.
Which trait is nature selecting FOR in this image?
a)
tall height
b)
short height
c)
long fur
d)
low hanging fruit
130.
Which trait is nature selecting AGAINST in this image?
a)
tall height
b)
short height
c)
long fur
d)
low hanging fruit
131.
Bob believes that giraffes have long necks because they have stretched their necks to try and reach food that is high in trees. Since the parent had stretched its neck, it passed the long neck to its offspring.Based on what you know about genetics and natural selection, what is wrong with Bob’s argument?
a)
Giraffes do not have long necks.
b)
Traits such as neck length are a result of genetic information and cannot be changed.
c)
Giraffes do not have offspring.
d)
The giraffes don’t like to eat food that is high in the trees.
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