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Human Body Systems and Homeostasis

Total questions: 100

Worksheet time: 59mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Which of the following is the correct equation for CELLULAR RESPIRATION?
a)
Sugar + O2 --> CO2 + H2O + ATP
b)
ATP + O2 --> CO2 + H2O + sugar
c)
Sugar + CO2 --> O2 + H2O + ATP
d)
Sugar + H2O + O2 --> CO2 + O2 + ATP
2.
Which organelle performs CELLULAR RESPIRATION?
a)
Chloroplast
b)
Mitochondria
3.
What process occurs when sugar is converted into ENERGY (ATP)
a)
Photosynthesis
b)
Cellular Respiration
4.
What is the main chemical compound that stores and releases energy?
a)
ATP
b)
Cytoplasm
c)
PTP
d)
Oxygen
5.

What type of microbe is used in a vaccine?

a)

it doesn't really matter

b)

a little bit of one

c)

a dead or weakened one

d)

a normal one

6.
Vaccines stimulate the body to produce...
a)

pathogens

b)

antigens

c)

allergens

d)

antibodies

7.
If the environment gets cold, we will often shiver in order to:
a)
keep body temperature the same as the external temperature
b)
decrease body temperature
c)
increase body temperature
d)
regulate blood pressure
8.
The maintenance of an organism’s internal environment is called:
a)
compensating
b)
homeostasis
c)
balancing
d)
routine
9.
a body system that controls and coordinates all body activities through electric impulses/messages between brain, spinal cord and nerves.
a)
endocrine system 
b)
nervous system
c)
nerve
d)
neuron
10.
brain cell /
nerve cell
a)
Dr. Suess tree
b)
neuron
c)
skin cell
d)
red blood cell
11.
chemical made by glands that tell cells to make something or respond in some way.
a)
acid
b)
enzyme
c)
perspiration
d)
hormone
12.
What do white blood cells create to fight infections?
a)
Antibiotics
b)
Antigens
c)
Antibodies
d)
Leukocytes
13.

What are vaccines and what effect do they have on our body?

a)

Vaccines have pathogens in them and give our immune system practice for the disease.

b)

Vaccines have dead or weak pathogens in them and give our immune system practice for the disease.

c)

Vaccines are antibotics which have no effect on our body

d)

None of the above

14.

what does HIV do to our immune system?

a)

It affects white blood cells and makes our immune system stronger

b)

It attacks red blood cells

c)

It attacks our brain

d)

It attacks our white blood cells and weakens our immune system.

15.
Function of pancreas:
a)
control blood pressure
b)
produces hormones that control BSL (blood sugar level)
c)
control female characteristics
d)
control sperm production
16.
What is the endocrine system?
a)
senses the hormone levels in the blood
b)
controls all other endocrine glands
c)
A group of glands that work together with the nervous system to coordinate all body functions
d)
decreases bone calcium levels
17.
__________________ is secreted in response to low blood sugar levels
a)

Thyroxine

b)

Insulin

c)

Oxytocin

d)

Glucagon

18.
The ________________ is responsible for secreting hormones used to regulate blood sugar
a)
pancreas
b)
liver
c)
pituatary
d)
hypothalamus
19.
What is the main function of the respiratory system?
a)
take in oxygen and exhale waste like carbon dioxide
b)
move nutrients throughout the body
c)
take in carbon dioxide and exhale oxygen
20.
_________________ are the chemical messengers that are secreted directly into the bloodstream.
a)
Amino Acids
b)
Hormones
c)
Lipids
d)
Neurotransmitters
21.
Hormones work because they ______________________
______________________
a)
Target specific organs and tissues
b)
Will attach to any organs or tissues
c)
Remain in the bloodstream for over a year
22.
The hormone adrenaline can affect only cells with
a)

appropriately shaped receptors

b)

the appropriate antibodies

c)

ribosomes that produce adrenaline

d)

genes that break down adrenaline

23.
A dead or weakened pathogen used to establish immunity would most likely be found in 
a)
a pesticide
b)
an antibiotic
c)
a vaccine
d)
a toxin
24.
In humans, carbon dioxide that is excreted passes from the blood directly into the...
a)
liver
b)
alveoli
c)
trachea
d)
kidneys
25.
Although the digestive system is primarily responsible for the breakdown of food, this process can disrupted if the circulatory system malfunctions. The best explanation for this disruption is that
a)
human body systems interact with each other to perform life functions
b)
the circulatory system is the control center of the body
c)
the digestive system and the circulatory system have many organs in common
d)
the circulatory system is responsible for the coordination of life functions, including the breakdown of food
26.
A student is frightened by a loud noise, which results in a hormone being released into the blood. The hormone causes the student's heart to beat rapidly. The two systems that work together to cause this reaction are the endocrine system that secretes the hormone and the
a)
nervous system
b)
reproductive system
c)
excretory system
d)
digestive system
27.
When a person is suffering from an infection, such as strep throat or chicken pox, his blood would show a significant increase in the number of
a)
enzymes
b)
antibodies
c)
hormones
d)
sugars
28.
Which response usually occurs after an individual receives a vaccination for the influenza virus?
a)
hormones in the blood stop reproduction of the virus
b)
pathogens from the vaccine deactivate the virus
c)
enzymes released from antigens digest the virus
d)
antibodies against the virus are found in the blood
29.
A patient has just received an organ transplant. Which treatment would be most effective in preventing the patient's body from rejecting the organ?
a)
treat the patient with medications that decrease the immune system's response
b)
treat the patient with antibiotics to fight off a possible viral infection
c)
restrict the patient's salt intake
d)
give the patient blood transfusions
30.
The body makes chemicals that can help to destroy harmful viruses and bacteria. These chemicals are called
a)
antibodies
b)
vaccines
c)
hormones
d)
antibiotics
31.
A similarity between the nervous system and the hormone-secreting (endocrine) system in humans is that they both
a)
are composed of the same type of cells
b)
are composed of many glands
c)
help to maintain homeostasis
d)
secrete chemicals directly into the blood
32.
During exercise, the heart beats faster to 
a)
carry digestive juices to the small intestines
b)
provide muscles with additional oxygen
c)
lower the blood pressure
d)
digest more food
33.
Which structure in a cell corresponds with the function of the human lungs?
a)
nucleus
b)
vacuole cell 
c)
cell membrane
d)
mitochondria
34.

cells --> ___?___ --> organs --> organ systems --> organism What is "?"

a)

atoms

b)

molecules

c)

organelles

d)

tissues

35.
The activity of all the human body systems is coordinated by the
a)
secretion of hormones and the nervous system
b)
interaction of nerve impulses and excretory system
c)
movement of digested food by the circulatory system
d)
secretion of hormones and the circulatory system
36.
Organisms remove metabolic cellular wastes by process of 
a)
excretion
b)
absorption
c)
coordination
d)
digestion
37.
Which two body systems are interacting in the diagram?
a)
respiratory & skeletal
b)
respiratory & circulatory
c)
digestive & circulatory
d)
reproductive & muscular
38.
Which two body systems are interacting in the diagram?
a)
respiratory & skeletal
b)
respiratory & circulatory
c)
digestive & circulatory
d)
reproductive & muscular
39.
A vaccine can protect you against a disease because it
a)
destroys toxic substances from bacteria before they can make you sick
b)
stimulates your immune system against the pathogen
c)
kills any pathogenic bacteria in your body
d)
changes pathogenic bacteria into harmless bacteria
40.
An organ, such as a kidney, used for transplant needs to be tested for compatibility with the person who is to receive the organ. If this is not done, the ...
a)
donated organ might attack the body
b)
donated organ might attack the immune system
c)
immune system might attack its own body cells
d)
immune system might attack the donated organ
41.
Cells have the ability to communicate with each other as a direct result of which features?
a)
Hereditary material in the nucleus
b)
Receptors on the cell membrane
c)
ATP made by the mitochondria
d)
Diffusion across the cell membrane
42.
Substances that cause the body to produce antibodies.
a)
antibodies
b)
antigens
43.
Which cells respond to hormones?
a)
Target Cells
b)
Endocrine Cells
c)
Exocrine Cells
d)
Muscles and Nerves
44.
All foreign materials that cause a response from the immune system are called _____________________.
a)
Antigens
b)
Active Immunity
c)
Antibodies
d)
Antibiotics
45.
To filters one's blood to remove waste from the body, and to return clean filtered blood back to the body is the primary function of which body system?
a)
circulatory
b)
immune
c)
excretory
d)
muscular
46.
The space between two neurons is called a 
a)
cell body
b)
dendrite
c)
nucleus
d)
synapse
47.
What process allows blood to move from the lungs to the blood vessels in the circulatory system?
a)
active transport
b)
osmosis
c)
diffusion
d)
phagocytosis
48.
Neurotransmitters are _____________ that travel across the ______________ to another cell.
a)
chemicals; receptors
b)
chemicals; synapse
c)
electrical signals; synapse
d)
electrical signals; receptors
49.
What type of diffusion takes place in the alveoli?
a)
active transport
b)
endocytosis
c)
exocytosis
d)
passive transport
50.
What 'waste' is excreted by the respiratory system?
a)
oxygen
b)
blood
c)
carbon dioxide
d)
urea
51.
You are able to pull your hand quickly away from hot water before pain is felt because
a)
movement is a reflex that involves the spinal cord only.
b)
movement of the hand does not require intervention of the CNS
c)
the brain reacts quickly to prevent severe injury
d)
Autonomic division of the PNS contracts the hand muscles
52.
Which statement correctly describes an interaction between the hormones and the cells?
a)
Hormone A is synthesized by cell 2 and targets cell 1
b)
Hormone B bonds with both cell 1 and cell 2
c)
specialized receptor molecules on cell 1 secrete hormone B
d)
reactions carried out by cell 1 are regulated by hormone C
53.
What two systems work together to get rid of infection?
a)
Digestive and immune
b)
Respiratory and circulatory
c)
Circulatory and immune
d)
Immune and endocrine
54.
What type of cells are responsible for carrying oxygen to the cells of the body?
a)
White blood cells
b)
Nerve cells
c)
Lung cells
d)
Red blood cells
55.
A student infected by a common cold virus ran a low-grade fever. After a few days, the student's temperature returned to normal and the student was free of cold symptoms. The fever served as
a)
an antigen in the circulatory system
b)
an immune response to a pathogen
c)
a biological catalyst 
d)
a weakened pathogen
56.
The two reactions illustrated in the diagram often occur when a foreign substance enters the body. The cells labeled A and B are examples of cells known as:
a)
guard cells
b)
reproductive cells
c)
white blood cells
d)
specialized skin cells
57.
The proteins on the surface of the foreign substance being eaten in cell A are called what?
a)
antigens
b)
antibodies
58.
The specific proteins being released from Cell B are called what?
a)
antigens
b)
antibodies
c)
antibiotics
d)
vaccines
59.
What function do the endocrine system and nervous system have in common?
a)
Both relay messages to cells throughout the body.
b)
Both produce electrical signals that are carried by neurons
c)
Both produce hormones which are chemical messengers
d)
both remove wastes and toxins from the body
60.
A woman running in a marathon requires a constant supply of oxygen to her muscles.Which cells carry oxygen to muscle tissue?
a)
nerve cells
b)
lung cells
c)
red blood cells
d)
artery cells
61.
The release of histamines within the body is most closely associated with
a)
rejection of a transplanted organ
b)
immunity
c)
blood clotting
d)
an allergic reaction
62.
Which statement about a vaccine is correct
a)
a small amount of dead or weakened pathogens are injected
b)
antibiotics are administered
c)
antibodies are injected
d)
a small amount of pathogens are injected
63.
What do scientists call bacteria and viruses that can make people sick?  
a)
diseases
b)
vaccines
c)
antibodies
d)
pathogens
64.
Anything that triggers an immune response is a/n
a)
lymph cell
b)
antigen
c)
antibody
d)
neutrop
65.

Proteins that may mark pathogens for destruction are

a)

antigens

b)

T cells

c)

antibodies

d)

neutrophils

66.
The type of disorder where body reacts against antigens that are not pathogenic is known as a/n
a)
allergy
b)
autoimmune disorder
c)
immunodeficiency
d)
pneumonia
67.
Vaccines contain weakened or dead parts of antigens. 
a)
True
b)
False
68.
On a very hot day a long distance runner will produce large quantities of sweat.  How will the kidneys adapt to this situation?
a)
Increased amounts of urine to remove amino acids
b)
Decreased urine production to allow the body to conserve water
c)
increased amounts of urine to help the body retain water
d)
less urine increases the amount of amino acids
69.
A person usually experiences small variations in body temperature over a 24-hour period. These variations in temperature are an example of 
a)
an immune response
b)
genetic differences between individuals
c)
an adaptation of global warming
d)
a feedback response maintaining homeostasis
70.
Dogs can be vaccinated against the rabies virus. When a vaccinated dog is exposed to the rabies virus, the dog will most likely
a)
develop a mutation that will make the dog sick and the dog will die
b)
have a damaged immune system and will not be protected
c)
have an immune response and will be able to fight the microbes
d)
develop a response that will allow the system to attack its own cells
71.
An athlete who uses blood from another person for blood doping runs the risk of contracting a blood-borne  disease because
a)
white blood cells are not passed on through blood transfusions
b)
blood is tested for pathogens before it is donated
c)
pathogens can exist in the blood and be passed on through transfusions
d)
iron is a pigment needed to carry oxgyen
72.
An increase in the blood's level of a thyroid gland hormone decreases the release of thyroid-stimulating hormones. This mechanism illustrates
a)
negative feedback
b)
enzyme action
c)
immune response
d)
positive feedback
73.
Maintenance of the pH of human blood within a certain range is an example of
a)
chemical digestion
b)
synthesis
c)
respiration
d)
homeostasis
74.
Homeostasis is illustrated in the human body by the effects of insulin on the amount of
a)
proteins digested
b)
amino acids absorbed into the blood
c)
oxygen transport to the lungs
d)
glucose in the blood
75.

Neurotransmitters are received by ... on target cells.

a)

receptors

b)

neurons

c)

spinal cords

d)

myelin sheaths

76.
What is a neurotransmitter?
a)
fatty covering of the axon
b)
nerve cell
c)
chemical messenger
d)
gap between neurons
77.

_____________uses chemical to send signals along nerves. The main body parts include the brain, spinal cord and nerves.

a)

cell body

b)

Nervous System

c)

synapse

d)

axon

78.

A cell that carries information through the nervous system is called a

a)

nerve impulse

b)

nerve

c)

neuron

d)

endocrine gland

79.

These are chemicals that carry a nerve impulse across the gap at the synapse of a neuron to another neuron

a)

enzymes

b)

stimuli

c)

hormones

d)

neurotransmitters

80.

When the amount of a particular hormone in the blood reaches a certain level, the endocrine system sends signals that stop the release of that hormone in a process called__________________.

a)

target feedback

b)

endocrine feedback

c)

positive feedback

d)

negative feedback

81.

Rejection of a newly transplanted organ is caused by

a)

the immune system reacting to the presence of the organ

b)

antibiotics that stimulate the immune system to attack the organ

c)

inheritance of genetic disorders from infected individuals

d)

development of cancerous cells in the organ

82.

Which statement describes a failure of homeostasis in humans?

a)

When activity in an individual increases, the body temperature rises and the individual sweats.

b)

As the concentration of carbon dioxide increases in the human body, the lungs begin to expel more carbon dioxide.

c)

A viral infection leads to a decrease in the number of white blood cells being produced in the body.

d)

After an individual gets a cut, certain chemical changes begin the healing process.

83.

Doctors often use certain medications to treat infections. A few people have a reaction to some of these medications, such as itching, swelling, or trouble breathing. This is an example of

a)

using antibodies to cure a medical problem

b)

the body’s immune system overreacting to a usually harmless substance

c)

the body creating a mutation to fight unknown pathogens

d)

a vaccine causing the body to produce antigens against the infection

84.

A small lizard spends the morning hours lying in the sunlight until its body temperature rises. Later on in the day, the lizard rests in a shady area until its body temperature cools. This type of behavior is important to

a)

maintain homeostasis

b)

detect variations

c)

attract mates

d)

obtain nutrients

85.

It may be harmful when people compete to see who can hold their breath the longest under water. Without oxygen, brain cells

a)

cannot make enough ATP

b)

have too few mitochondria

c)

make too many enzymes

d)

have too much water

86.

The diagram below represents changes that take place within the human body. The diagram represents

a)

cellular differentiation

b)

dynamic equilibrium

c)

gene interaction

d)

biological evolution

87.

Anhidrosis is the inability to sweat normally. If the human body cannot sweat properly, it cannot cool itself, which is potentially harmful. Anhidrosis most directly interferes with

a)

a feedback mechanism that maintains homeostasis

b)

an immune system response to harmless antigens

c)

the synthesis of hormones in the circulatory system

d)

the enzymatic breakdown of water in cells

88.

Doctors sometimes use a vaccine to prepare the body to defend itself against future infections. These vaccines most often contain

a)

antibodies

b)

antibiotics

c)

white blood cells

d)

weakened pathogens

89.

Carmine, a compound that comes from the cochineal beetle, shown below, is used as a food coloring. The food coloring is not harmful to most people, but in a small number of individuals, it causes a reaction and affects their ability to breathe. This response to carmine is known as

a)

a stimulus

b)

an allergy

c)

natural selection

d)

an adaptation

90.

Which statement is an example of a feedback mechanism in humans?

a)

An increase in the level of blood sugar results in the pancreas increasing the amount of insulin it secretes.

b)

Increased exposure to pathogenic bacteria results in an increase in the number of red blood cells produced.

c)

An increase in exercise results in a decrease in the rate of respiration.

d)

Increased muscle activity results in a decrease in heart rate.

91.
Homeostasis
a)
allows for a wildly fluctuating internal environment
b)
is impossible in vertebrates
c)
is the maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment and often incorporates a form of feedback regulation
d)
is the maintenance of a relatively stable external environment and often incorporates a form of feedback regulation
92.
The tendency of an organism to maintain a balanced state in order to stay healthy.
a)
Stimuli
b)
Response
c)
Tropism
d)
Homestasis
93.

The ultimate cause of death

a)

Over Heating

b)

Diabetes

c)

Bad Hair

d)

Loss of Homeostasis

94.

What hormone is produced in the pancreas that lowers blood sugar?

a)

insulin

b)

ketones

c)

glucagon

d)

glucose

95.
What is a disease where sufferers cannot control their blood glucose levels?
a)
Diabetes
b)
Influenza
c)
Cholera
d)
Cystic fibrosis
96.

Why is the maintenance of homeostasis important to multicellular organisms?

a)

They must keep their internal environment within a narrow range of conditions.

b)

They require the ability to adjust their internal environment to match their external environment

c)

Their cells need to be able to respond rapidly to drastic changes in their external enviornment

d)

Their internal environment must provide their cells with a wide range of conditions

97.

Why does pulse rate increase during exercise?

a)

Oxygen and carbon dioxide must be removed from the body ASAP

b)

Gas exchange must happen more quickly than when a person is at rest

c)

Oxygen must be moved to the lungs and carbon dioxide must be moved to cells more quickly

d)

Carbon dioxide must be moved to the kidneys to be excreted

98.

An investigation is carried out to determine the effect of exercise on the rate at which a person can squeeze a clothespin.

Muscle fatigue occurs during this activity when

a)

carbon dioxide is used up in the muscle cells

b)

simple sugar is converted to starch in the muscle cells

c)

proteins accumulate in mitochondria in the muscle cells

d)

certain waste products collect in the muscle cells

99.

A student lifted weights after school and found that his muscles started to burn. He couldn’t continue to lift the weights after prolonged exercising. This muscle fatigue is most likely due to

a)

the heart beating too fast and tiring out

b)

the lungs accumulating oxygen

c)

lack of oxygen and build up of waste in the muscles

d)

lack of carbon dioxide in the muscles

100.

An investigation is carried out to determine the effect of exercise on the rate at which a person can squeeze a clothespin.

The experimental results could be made more valid by

a)

increasing the number of students

b)

using safety precautions

c)

using a plastic clothespin

d)

making a bar graph of the data


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