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WorksheetsBiology Staar Review: Cat 2-Mechanisms of Genetics
Total questions: 100
Worksheet time: 3hrs 42mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
Which of the following units are repeatedly joined together to form a strand of DNA?
a)
amino acids
b)
nucleotides
c)
fatty acids
d)
polysaccharides
2.
Which of the following best describes a DNA molecule?
a)
double helix
b)
contains ribose
c)
made of amino acids
d)
contains Uracil
3.
Which sequence of DNA bases would pair with this partial strand
ATG TGA CAG
ATG TGA CAG
a)
ATG TGA CAG
b)
TAC ACT GTC
c)
GTA AGT GAC
d)
CAT TCA CTG
4.
What determines the code, or information, of a DNA molecule?
a)
the shape (structure) of the nitrogen bases
b)
the order (sequence) of the nitrogen bases
c)
the color of the nitrogen bases
d)
the frequency (number) of nitrogen bases
5.
Which 2 molecules form the sides (backbone) of the DNA ladder?
a)
deoxyribose sugar and adenine
b)
deoxyribose sugar and a hydrogen bond
c)
deoxyribose sugar and the nucleus
d)
deoxyribose sugar and phosphate
6.
What are the three components of a nucleotide?
a)
sugar, hydrogen, nitrogen base
b)
sugar, oxygen, nitrogen base
c)
sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base
d)
sugar, phosphate, protein
7.
What does DNA stand for?
a)
Deoxyribonucleic acid
b)
Denitrogenous acid
c)
Deribonucleic acid
d)
Diribonucleic acid
8.
Where does protein synthesis take place?
a)
Ligase
b)
Ribosomes
c)
Codon
d)
Endoplasmic Reticulum
9.
In RNA, Uracil pairs with ______.
a)
cytosine
b)
adenine
c)
guanine
d)
thymine
10.
DNA holds the code for
a)
lipids
b)
carbohydrates
c)
protein
d)
sugar
11.
Which process is used to copy DNA in the nucleus?
a)
replication
b)
transcription
c)
translation
12.
Which process is used to make mRNA from the DNA in the nucleus?
a)
transcription
b)
translation
c)
replication
13.
Which RNA bases would pair with TACGAA in transcription?
a)
AUGCUU
b)
ATGCTT
c)
GCATCC
d)
GCAUCC
14.
One difference between DNA and RNA is that....
a)
Only RNA has the base Uracil
b)
only RNA contains the base Thymine
c)
only RNA contains the base Cytocine
d)
only RNA contained the base Guanine
15.
Which of these bases does not exist in RNA?
a)
C
b)
T
c)
U
d)
A
16.
A triplet of mRNA is called a
a)
codon
b)
anticodon
c)
amino acid
d)
peptide bond
17.
_______ is made during transcription and ________ is made during translation.
a)
mRNA / a protein
b)
a protein / mRNA
c)
Ribosome / Nucleus
d)
mRNA / tRNA
18.
How many amino acids are coded for by this sequence of nucleotides:
ATG GGA ACT CCA
ATG GGA ACT CCA
a)
4
b)
2
c)
6
d)
12
19.
Which of the following is the sugar found in RNA?
a)
Ribose
b)
Maltose
c)
Deoxyribose
d)
Amylose
20.
Brings the amino acids to the ribosome
a)
mRNA
b)
tRNA
c)
rRNA
d)
DNA
21.
What would be the tRNA anticodon for the mRNA codon CAG?
a)
GTC
b)
GUC
c)
CUG
d)
CAG
22.
Translation takes place in the
a)
ribosome
b)
chloroplast
c)
nucleus
d)
mitochondria
23.
Where does transcription take place?
a)
nucleus
b)
cytoplasm
c)
ribosome
24.
Which phase of which process does this picture show?
a)
Transcription
b)
Translation
c)
Replication
25.
What is the correct amino acid sequence for the mRNA code AUGCCAGUAUGA
a)
Met-Pro-Ala-Val
b)
Met-Pro-Val
c)
Tyr-Gly-His
d)
Tyr-Gly-Arg-His
26.
What amino acid is represented by the codon UUA?
a)
Phenylalanine
b)
Tyrosine
c)
Leucine
d)
Stop codon
27.
B=brown eyes
b= blue eyes
What is true about two brothers that have brown eyes?
One has genotype BB the other Bb.
b= blue eyes
What is true about two brothers that have brown eyes?
One has genotype BB the other Bb.
a)
they have same phenotype and genotype
b)
they have different genotypes and phenotypes
c)
they have same phenotype but different genotypes
d)
they have same genotype but different phenotypes
28.
What does heterozygous mean?
a)
An organism that has the same genes for a trait (TT or tt)
b)
An organism that has different genes for a trait (Tt)
c)
When neither gene is fully dominant; offspring is a mixture of both
d)
the different forms of a trait (hair color--> brown, blonde, red
29.
If a heterozygous tall pea plant is crossed with a short pea plant, what are the possible genotypes of the future offspring?
a)
100% Tt
b)
50% Tt, 50% tt
c)
75%Tt, 25%tt
d)
25%TT, 50%Tt, 25%tt
30.
This is an example of what?
a)
Complete dominance
b)
Incomplete dominance
c)
Codominance
d)
None of the above
31.
If T=Tall & t=short, what is the genotypic ratio?
a)
1:3
b)
3:1
c)
1:2:1
d)
2:2
32.
Two brown eyed parents (Bb) have a baby. What is the chance the baby is blue eyed?
a)
0 %
b)
25%
c)
50%
d)
75%
33.
A corn plant heterozygous for tall sprouts mates with a corn plant with short sprouts. If tall sprouts are dominant, how many different phenotypes are possible in the offspring?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
34.
If a Homozygous red snapdragon and a Heterozygous pink snapdragon were crossed - what percentage of the offspring would be homozygous white?
a)
0%
b)
25%
c)
50%
d)
75%
35.
A heterozygous yellow pea plant's genotype would be:
a)
YY
b)
yy
c)
Yy
d)
Yg
36.
Which of the following cell types is formed by meiosis?
a)
muscle cells
b)
skin cells
c)
sperm cells
d)
blood cells
37.
Which process and type of resulting cells are represented?
a)
mitosis, gametes
b)
mitosis, body cells
c)
meiosis, gametes
d)
meiosis, body cells
38.
Which best describes the process shown?
a)
mutation in which the DNA content of the gene is ltered
b)
segregation of sister chromatids
c)
condensation and segregation of the alleles
d)
crossing-over which alleles are exchanged
39.
What is one advantage of sexual reproduction?
a)
offspring are identical to parents
b)
offspring are resistant to viruses
c)
offspring are born live, rather thna from eggs
d)
offspring inherit a wider variety of genetic information
40.
The sex of an offspring is determined by ______________________.
a)
the mother
b)
the father
c)
the mother and the father
d)
by the environment
41.
Term for homozygous organisms that display two dominant phenotypes at the same time
a)
codominance
b)
incomplete dominance
c)
multiple alleles
d)
linked genes
42.
Red/green color blindness is a recessive trait. A woman who is a carrier for this allele marries a normal-vision male. What is the probability that they will have a child who is color blind?
a)
1/4
b)
1/2
c)
3/4
d)
1
43.
What is a phenotype?
a)
The expression of a trait; what you see.
b)
refers to the genetic makeup of an individual
c)
An organism that has the same genes for a trait (ex. TT or tt)
d)
the passing of traits from parent to offspring
44.
The inherited combination of alleles is known as the offspring's
a)
heredity
b)
phenotype
c)
genotype
d)
redigree
45.
An allele whose trait only shows up when no dominant allele is present.
a)
hidden allele
b)
dominant allele
c)
recessive allele
d)
present allele
46.
Who was the father of genetics
a)
Sagan
b)
Issac Newton
c)
Gregor Mendel
d)
C.jenkins
47.
The passing of traits from parent to offspring
a)
Heredity
b)
Genetics
c)
Hybrid
d)
Probability
48.
Dominant alleles are represented by a:
a)
Male gene
b)
lowercase letter
c)
recessive trait
d)
capital letter
49.
Hemophilia is a recessive sex-linked trait. If H = normal & h = has hemophilia, which genotype represents a male with hemophilia.
a)
XHY
b)
XHXh
c)
XhXh
d)
XhY
50.
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a recessive x-linked disorder.
According to the Punnett square, what percentage of male offspring will have the disorder?
a)
0%
b)
25%
c)
50%
d)
100%
51.
Colorblindness is a recessive x-linked trait.
Which genotype represents a male with normal vision?
a)
XNXN
b)
XYN
c)
XNY
d)
XnY
52.
If a woman is a carrier for a sex linked recessive trait of hemophilia and her husband has hemophilia, which of the following is true?
a)
All sons will have hemophilia
b)
All daughters will have hemophilia
c)
50% of daughters and 50% of sons have hemophilia
d)
0% of sons have hemophilia but 100% of daughters are carriers
53.
What gamete possibilities could come from this parent's genotype?
a)
AB, AB, aB, aB
b)
Ab, AB, Ab, ab
c)
Ab, Ab, Ab, Ab
d)
AB, aB, ab, aB
54.
What gamete possibilities could come from this parent's genotype?
a)
aB, ab, AB, Ab
b)
aB, Ab, AB, AB
c)
AB, aB, AB, Ab
d)
aB, ab, aB, ab
55.
What goes in box 1
a)
AABb
b)
AABB
c)
aabb
d)
AaBb
56.
What goes in box 5
a)
AABB
b)
AaBb
c)
AaBb
d)
AAbb
57.
What genotype is missing from this Punnett Square?
a)
RrYy
b)
RRYY
c)
rryy
d)
RrYY
58.
Cross Two Homozygous plants
(RRYY x rryy)
R = round seeds, r = wrinkled seeds Y = yellow seeds, y = green seeds
What percent will have Round and Yellow seeds?
(RRYY x rryy)
R = round seeds, r = wrinkled seeds Y = yellow seeds, y = green seeds
What percent will have Round and Yellow seeds?
a)
0%
b)
25%
c)
50%
d)
100%
59.
Based off this punnett square, what fraction of the offspring will have wrinkled, yellow seeds?
a)
9/16
b)
3/16
c)
1/16
d)
16/16
60.
Cross Two Homozygous plants
(RRYY x rryy)
R = round seeds, r = wrinkled seeds Y = yellow seeds, y = green seeds
What percent will have Round and Yellow seeds?
(RRYY x rryy)
R = round seeds, r = wrinkled seeds Y = yellow seeds, y = green seeds
What percent will have Round and Yellow seeds?
a)
0%
b)
25%
c)
50%
d)
100%
61.
What mutation has occurred here?
T-G-A-C-C-A
T-G-A-G-C-A
T-G-A-C-C-A
T-G-A-G-C-A
a)
Substitution
b)
Deletion
c)
Insertion
d)
Frameshift
62.
Any change in the sequence of DNA is...
a)
transgenic shift
b)
Single Genotype
c)
Monohybrid Trait
d)
Mutation
63.
DNA molecule segment is : TTACGCAAG
The mutated DNA segment is TTACGCAAC. This is an example of ___ mutation.
The mutated DNA segment is TTACGCAAC. This is an example of ___ mutation.
a)
Substitution
b)
Insertion
c)
Inversion
d)
Translocation
64.
What are the building blocks of proteins called?
a)
DNA
b)
RNA
c)
Ribosomes
d)
Amino Acids
65.
Why are insertion and deletion (frameshift) mutations so harmful?
a)
They change all of the codons from the mutation on down the line, which changes the amino acid sequence
b)
They insert things that an organism doesn't need.
c)
They often delete things that organisms need.
d)
Insertion and deletions are not any more harmful than substitution mutations.
66.
Why is the order of amino acids so important?
a)
The order of amino acids dictates what shape the protein will fold into.
b)
It is not important. The protein folding chamber will force the protein to fold into the correct shape.
67.
ATTTGAGCC- Original
ATTGAGCC - Mutated
The example above is an example of a
ATTGAGCC - Mutated
The example above is an example of a
a)
Insertion- Frameshift
b)
Deletion- Substitution
c)
Deletion -Frameshift
d)
All of the above
68.
DNA molecule segment is : TTACGCAAG
The mutated DNA segment is TTCGCAAG. This is an example of ___ mutation.
The mutated DNA segment is TTCGCAAG. This is an example of ___ mutation.
a)
Substitution
b)
Deletion
c)
Insertion
d)
Inversion
69.
What molecule is shown in the double helix diagram shown?
a)
DAN
b)
RAN
c)
DNA
d)
RNA
70.
Would a mutation in the DNA of a skin cell be passed on to an organism's offspring?
a)
Yes, because any change to the DNA is passed on to the offspring
b)
Maybe. Sex cells only use half of the body's genetic code. It might get the copy of a gene that wasn't mutated.
c)
No. Only mutations that occur in the gametes (sex cells) are passed on to the offspring
d)
Without knowing the animal, it would be hard to tell whether or not the mutation would be passed on.
71.
Which of these bases does not exist in RNA?
a)
C
b)
T
c)
U
d)
A
72.
Which RNA bases would pair with TACGAA in transcription?
a)
AUGCUU
b)
ATGCTT
c)
GCATCC
d)
GCAUCC
73.
Using the codon chart here or at your table to identify the amino acid sequence:
AUG-CCA-GUA-GGG-UAA
AUG-CCA-GUA-GGG-UAA
a)
MET-HIS-ALA-GLY-STOP
b)
MET-PRO-GLY-VAL-STOP
c)
MET-PRO-VAL-GLY-STOP
d)
MET-THR-SER-ASP-STOP
74.
The cells produced via meiosis are called:
a)
sex cells
b)
somatic cells
c)
body cells
d)
skin cells
75.
A human usually has xx amount of chromosomes.
a)
6
b)
22
c)
4
d)
46
76.
What phase is shown in the picture?
a)
anaphase 1
b)
anaphase 2
c)
metaphase 1
d)
telophase 1
77.
Meiosis makes sperm and egg cells. In humans, sperm and egg cells each have _____ chromosomes. Therefore a fertilized human egg cell (sperm and egg cell combined) would create a cell with _____ chromosomes.
a)
23, 46
b)
46, 23
c)
2, 4
d)
50, 100
78.
What causes genetic variation in meiosis?
a)
chromosomes lining up
b)
crossing over of chromosomes
c)
separation of chromosomes
d)
chromosomes pulling apart
79.
When an area of a chromatid is exchanged with the matching area on a chromatid of its homologous chromosome, _________________ occurs
a)
crossing over
b)
mutagenesis
c)
hybridization
d)
fertilization
80.
What kind of cells are made in MEIOSIS?
a)
Haploid Gametes
b)
Diploid Somatic Cells
c)
Skin Cells
d)
Liver Cells
81.
Diploid Cells are represented by
a)
2n
b)
n
c)
4n
d)
1/2 n
82.
If the Diploid number of Carrots is 18, the haploid number is
a)
18
b)
9
c)
27
d)
36
83.
Why do we need meiosis?
a)
To double the number of chromosomes going into sex cells
b)
To halve the number of chromosomes going into sex cells
c)
To triple the number of chromosomes going into sex cells
d)
To not change the number of chromosomes going into sex cells
84.
Letters for Male Chromosomes is ______, while females are _______
a)
XY, XX
b)
XX, XY
c)
YY,XX
85.
What is the purpose of PCR?
a)
To produce millions of copies of DNA.
b)
To produce millions of copies of a specific region of DNA
c)
To add nucleotides to a DNA sequence
d)
To watch polymerase work.
86.
Based on these results whose blood was found in the blood stain at the crime scene?
a)
Bob
b)
Sue
c)
John
d)
Lisa
87.
DNA technology is being used to develop crop plants that are
a)
less toxic to the pests that normally feed on them
b)
more susceptible to herbicides
c)
unable to fix nitrogen in the atmosphere
d)
resistant to some diseases
88.
This image is an example of which DNA Technology process?
a)
PCR
b)
Blotting
c)
Gel Electrophoresis
d)
Cloning
89.
What applications can gel electrophoresis be used for?
a)
Parental Testing
b)
Criminal Investigations
c)
Sequence Endangered Species DNA
d)
All of the above
90.
Which child(ren) are the child(ren) of BOTH Mom AND Dad?
a)
Child 1
b)
Child 2
c)
Child 3
d)
Child 4
91.
Where did the blood come from?
a)
Satheesh
b)
Dheva
c)
John
d)
Ramalingam
92.
karyotype depicts
a)
Turner's
b)
Edward's
c)
klinefelter's
d)
Down's Syndrome
93.
Nitrogenous bases are joined by which type of bond?
a)
polar bonds
b)
ionic bonds
c)
covalent bonds
d)
hydrogen bonds
94.
Which two scientists are accredited with correctly deducing the double helix model of DNA?
a)
Watson and Crick
b)
Wilkins and Franklin
c)
Wilkins and Crick
d)
Watson and Franklin
95.
Which enzyme is responsible for making RNA?
a)
DNA polymerase
b)
RNA enzymase
c)
RNA polymerase
d)
RNA proliferase
96.
DNA copies itself prior to mitosis or meiosis
a)
Transcription
b)
Translation
c)
Replication
97.
RNA that carries the DNA instructions (message) outside the nucleus to be carried out (messenger RNA)
a)
mRNA
b)
DNA
c)
RNA
98.
RNA that makes up the structure of the ribosome together with other proteins (ribosomal RNA)
a)
rRNA
b)
mRNA
c)
DNA
99.
RNA that transfers amino acid building blocks to the ribosome
a)
mRNA
b)
rRNA
c)
tRNA
100.
Sugar backbone part of RNA
a)
Ribose
b)
RNA
c)
Backbone
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