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Stars Review

Total questions: 59

Worksheet time: 2hrs 41mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which process generates the energy that is released by stars? 哪個過程產生星體所釋放的能量？

a)

convection currents 對流

b)

nuclear fusion 核融合

c)

thermal conduction 熱傳導

d)

radioactive decay 放射性衰變

2.

Identify the name of the event that is inferred by scientists to have occurred when the universe first formed. 指出科學家推斷的宇宙最初形成時發生的事件名稱

a)

the Big Bang 大爆炸

b)

extinction of dinosaurs 恐龙灭绝

c)

convection currents 对流

d)

radioactive decay 放射性衰变

3.

Which is NOT a piece of evidence that led astronomers to infer that the universe is expanding. 这不是导致天文学家推断宇宙正在扩张的证据。

a)

galaxies are getting further away from us 星系越來越遠離我們

b)

redshift of light 紅移

c)

blueshift of light

d)

space between galaxies is expanding 星系之間的空間正在擴大

4.

Identify the nuclear process that combines lighter elements into heavier elements to produce the energy radiated by stars. 指出將較輕的元素結合形成較重的元素以產生恆星輻射能量的核過程。

a)

convection currents 對流

b)

nuclear fusion 核融合

c)

thermal conduction 熱傳導

d)

radioactive decay 放射性衰變

5.

The light spectrum observed from this distant star shows a 从这颗遥远的恒星观察到的光谱显示了什么

a)

red shift, which indicates that the star is moving away from Earth

b)

red shift, which indicates that the star is moving toward Earth

c)

blue shift, which indicates that the star is moving away from Earth

d)

blue shift, which indicates that the star is moving toward Earth

6.

Scientists infer that the Big Bang occurred approximately 科学家推断大爆炸发生在大约

a)

4.6 billion 十亿 years ago

b)

13.8 billion 十亿 years ago

c)

9 billion 十亿 years ago

d)

7 billion 十亿 years ago

7.

Which correctly lists the lifecycle of a low-mass star? 哪个正确列出了低质量明星的生命周期？

a)

Nebula, protostar, main sequence, red giant, white dwarf

b)

Nebula, protostar, main sequence, red super giant, black hole

c)

Protostar, black hole, red giant, nebula

d)

Nebula, protostar, main sequence, red super giant, neutron star

8.

Our Sun is currently a... 我們的太陽目前是...

a)

red giant

b)

main sequence star

c)

black hole

d)

white dwarf

9.

Which evidence best supports the theory that the universe began with a massive explosion? 哪一個證據最佳支持宇宙是由一個大爆炸開始的理論？

a)

cosmic background radiation in space 太空中的宇宙背景輻射

b)

parallelism of planetary axes 行星軸平行

c)

radioactive dating of Earth’s bedrock 地球基岩的放射性測齡法

d)

life cycle of stars 星體的生命週期

10.

Which two planets below are considered jovian planets? 下面哪两个行星被认为是木星行星？

a)

Earth & Jupiter 地球和木星

b)

Mars and Mercury 火星和水星

c)

Saturn & Jupiter 土星和木星

d)

Uranus & Mars 天王星和火星

11.

Which graph best shows the general relationship between a planet’s distance from the Sun and the Sun’s gravitational attraction to the planet? 哪個圖表最能顯示行星與太陽的距離與太陽對行星的萬有引力之間的關係？

a)
b)
c)
d)
12.

The Sun is inferred to spend the greatest amount of time in its life cycle根據推斷，太陽生命週期中最長的階段是

a)

contracting from a gas cloud (nebula) 氣雲（星雲）收縮

b)

as a main sequence star主序星

c)

moving away from the main sequence and becoming a giant star離開主序星逐漸成為一顆巨星

d)

changing from a giant star to a white dwarf star從巨大的恒星變成白矮星

13.

Which property of stars primarily determines its lifecycle? 星星的哪些屬性決定了它的生命週期？

a)

mass 質量

b)

color 顏色

c)

luminosity 亮度

d)

cleavage 分裂

14.

The movement of the Earth, moon and apparent movement of the Sun can be described as... 地球的運動，月球和太陽的明顯運動可以被描述為...

a)

cyclic and predictable 循環和可預測

b)

non-cyclic and unpredictable 非循環和不可預測的

c)

predictable but irregular movement 可預測但不規則的運動

d)

random and spontaneous 隨機和自發的

15.

Lo is one of the 53 moons of planet Jupiter. Lo is located in which galaxy? 羅是木星的53顆衛星之一。 羅位於哪個星系？

a)

Milky Way Galaxy 銀河系

b)

Andromeda Galaxy 仙女座星系

c)

Hubble Galaxy

d)

Nuclear fusion 核聚變

16.

Which class of star has the highest temperature?

a)

O

b)

M

c)

A

d)

G

17.

Which class of star has the highest temperature?

a)

O

b)

M

c)

A

d)

G

18.

When hydrogen is "fused" together in the Sun, what new element is created?

a)

Helium

b)

Carbon Dioxide

c)

Oxygen

d)

Light

19.

Where does nuclear fusion occur in the sun?

a)

Surface

b)

Corona

c)

Core

d)

Convective zone

20.
The first elements were formed in what is known as _________________.
a)
Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
b)
Stellar Nucleosynthesis
c)
Supernova Nucleosynthesis
d)
Genonucleosynthesis
21.
The two elements formed in Big Bang Nucleosynthesis where __________________.
a)
hydrogen and lithium
b)
hydrogen and helium
c)
hydrogen and oxygen
d)
helium and lithium
22.
A star will spend ______ of it's life turning hydrogen into helium.
a)
100%
b)
99%
c)
90%
d)
50%
23.

A young star is primarily composed of which element?

a)

Hydrogen

b)

Carbon

c)

Helium

d)

Oxygen

24.

2. Which type of radiation has the shortest wavelength?

a)

a) radar

b)

b) ultraviolet

c)

c) visible light

d)

d) infrared

25.

3. Which statement about electromagnetic energy is correct?

a)

a) Violet light has a longer wavelength than red light.

b)

b) X-rays have a longer wavelength than infrared waves

c)

c) Radar waves have a shorter wavelength than ultraviolet rays

d)

d) Gamma rays have a shorter wavelength than visible light

26.

Which evidence best supports the theory that the universe began with a massive explosion? 哪一個證據最佳支持宇宙是由一個大爆炸開始的理論？

a)

cosmic background radiation in space 太空中的宇宙背景輻射

b)

parallelism of planetary axes 行星軸平行

c)

radioactive dating of Earth’s bedrock 地球基岩的放射性測齡法

d)

life cycle of stars 星體的生命週期

27.

This picture depicts...

这幅画展示了什么

a)

our solar system 我们的太阳系

b)

our Milky Way galaxy 我们的银河系

c)

the universe 宇宙

d)

a comet 一颗彗星

28.

What caused our planet Earth to be separated into different layers? 是什麼導致我們的地球被分成不同的層？

a)

gravity and density differences 重力和密度差

b)

convection and radiation of heat 对流和热辐射

c)

counterclockwise motion of low pressure systems 低压系统的逆时针运动

d)

coriolis effect and earth's rotation 科里奥利效应与地球自转

29.

Which statement accurately describes our solar system? 哪个声明准确地描述我们的太阳系？

a)

Our solar system is a giant cloud of gas 巨大的氣體雲

b)

Our solar system contains millions of stars 我们的太阳系包含数百万颗恒星

c)

Planets, their moons, and asteroids revolve around one star 行星，它们的卫星和小行星围绕一颗恒星旋转

d)

Our solar system contains the Milky Way galaxy 我们的太阳系包含银河系

30.

All of space and everything inside it is known as

a)

Universe

b)

Galaxy

c)

Solar System

d)

Planet

31.

A group of billions of stars and other mass held together by gravity is known as

a)

Solar System

b)

Galaxy

c)

Constellation

d)

Sun

32.

All of the planets and other celestial objects that are held in orbit by the sun is known as

a)

Solar System

b)

Asteroid Belt

c)

Keuper Belt

d)

Oort Cloud

33.

What is the "Big Bang Theory" of the origins of the Universe?

a)

A sudden expansion exploded and created all the matter in the Universe

b)

The earth exploded and created the Universe

c)

Our solar system exploded to create all the Universe

d)

The Universe slowly grew from the Sun

34.
What does the Red-shift tell us about the universe
a)
the universe is expanding
b)
the universe is contracting
c)
the big bang is false
d)
nothing
35.
The vast majority of galaxies in our universe are moving away from us.  We know this because we observe __________ in the galaxies absorption spectra.
a)
Redshift
b)
Blueshift
c)
Turbulance
d)
Superposition
36.
Energy is produced within a star's core by the process of
a)
insolation
b)
conduction
c)
nuclear fusion
d)
radioactive decay
37.

What is the first stage of stellar evolution for a star like the Sun?

a)

Supernova stage

b)

Protostar stage

c)

White dwarf stage

d)

Main sequence stage

38.

In which region of the HR diagram are the main sequence stars located?

a)

Red giant

b)

Supergiant

c)

Main sequence

d)

White dwarf

39.

What are the characteristics of supergiants in terms of size and luminosity?

a)

Supergiants are medium-sized stars with average luminosities

b)

Supergiants are small stars with low luminosities

c)

Supergiants have sizes similar to the Sun and luminosities slightly greater than the Sun

d)

Supergiants are massive stars with sizes that can be hundreds to thousands of times larger than the Sun and luminosities that can be hundreds of thousands to millions of times greater than the Sun.

40.

What is the main source of fuel for main sequence stars?

a)

Carbon

b)

Oxygen

c)

Hydrogen

d)

Nitrogen

41.

What happens to a star as it moves from the main sequence to the giant phase?

a)

It shrinks and becomes smaller, hotter, and dimmer.

b)

It remains the same size and temperature.

c)

It disappears completely.

d)

It expands and becomes larger, cooler, and brighter.

42.

Which celestial object is at the center of our solar system?

a)

Moon

b)

Jupiter

c)

Sun

d)

Earth

43.

What is the final stage of a massive star's life cycle?

a)

red giant

b)

super giant

c)

white dwarf

d)

black hole / neutron star

44.

What will the Sun eventually become after it exhausts its nuclear fuel and expands?

a)

Black hole

b)

Neutron star

c)

Red giant

d)

Supernova

45.

After the red giant phase, what is the next stage in the Sun's life cycle?

a)

Black hole

b)

White dwarf

c)

Neutron star

d)

Protostar

46.

Which of the following best describes the energy production in the Sun's core?

a)

H+H→He+Energy\text{H} + \text{H} \rightarrow \text{He} + \text{Energy}

b)

He+He→C+Energy\text{He} + \text{He} \rightarrow \text{C} + \text{Energy}

c)

C+O→Fe+Energy\text{C} + \text{O} \rightarrow \text{Fe} + \text{Energy}

d)

Fe+Fe→U+Energy\text{Fe} + \text{Fe} \rightarrow \text{U} + \text{Energy}

47.

How does the energy produced in the Sun's core affect the Solar System?

a)

It causes the planets to move away from the Sun.

b)

It provides light and heat essential for life on Earth.

c)

It leads to the formation of new stars.

d)

It causes the Sun to shrink over time.

48.

Which type of stars are responsible for producing elements heavier than helium?

a)

Red dwarfs

b)

White dwarfs

c)

Massive stars

d)

Brown dwarfs

49.

How many stars are in our Solar System?

a)

Billions

b)

1

c)

5,000

d)

8

50.

What color indicates that a star is relatively hot, compared to the others?

¿Qué color indica que una estrella es relativamente caliente, en comparación con las demás?

与其他恒星相比，什么颜色表示恒星相对较热？

a)

red

b)

orange

c)

yellow

d)

blue

51.

When a red giant star becomes a white dwarf, what happens to its temperature?

Cuando una estrella gigante roja (red giant) se convierte en una enana blanca (white dwarf), ¿qué sucede con su temperatura?

当一颗红巨星变成一颗白矮星时，它的温度会发生什么变化？

a)

increases

b)

decreases

c)

stays the same

52.

What does the Y-axis of the HR diagram measures?

a)

Luminosity

b)

Temperature

53.

What is the light that you can see called?

a)

observatory light

b)

ultraviolet light

c)

visible light

d)

infrared light

54.
What gases are in the unknown mixture?
a)
Gas B & Gas D
b)
Gas C & Gas B
c)
Gas A & Gas D
d)
Gas D & Gas C
55.

We primarily use emission/absorption spectra to identify ____________ of stars.

a)

composition

b)

temperature

c)

luminosity

d)

frankfurter

56.

Which elements are in the mixture?

a)

A only

b)

D only

c)

Z only

d)

A and D

e)

D and Z

57.

Which elements are present in the mixture?

a)

D and E

b)

D and G

c)

E and G

d)

only D

e)

only G

58.

Which of these is an absorption spectrum?

a)
b)
c)
59.

Which of the following element(s) is/are shown in the example star? (Select all that apply

a)

hydrogen

b)

helium

c)

sodium

d)

magnesium

e)

iron

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