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2018 science terms

Total questions: 125

Worksheet time: 1hrs 9mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is the correct layer order of earth's interior from outside to inside?

a)

crust, outer core, inner core, mantle

b)

crust, mantle, outer core, inner core

c)

mantle, crust, outer core, inner core

d)

inner core, outer core, mantle, crust

2.

Which is the best definition for MATTER?

a)

anything that has mass and takes up space

b)

anything that has a high density

c)

anything that you can see

d)

anything that you can measure

3.

Which of the following statements summarizes how the formation of the solar system was similar to the differentiation of Earth into layers?

a)

The densest materials moved to the outside

b)

The densest material moved to the center

c)

The densest materials were evenly distributed (spread out)

4.

True of False: A landform is a natural feature on Earth's surface that is created by a constructive or destructive force

a)

True

b)

False

5.

This process is responsible for breaking down rock into smaller pieces (called sediment)

a)

Weathering

b)

Erosion

c)

Deposition

d)

Sediment

6.

Which of the following is NOT one of the factors that affects erosion?

a)

Gradient

b)

Oxygen

c)

Soil Type

d)

Water Discharge

7.
This rock formed when bits of other rocks became pressed into a solid. What type of rock is it?
a)
Sedimentary Rock
b)
Metamorphic Rock
c)
Igneous Rock
8.
What is the tiniest particle in the entire universe?
a)
cells
b)
gases
c)
atoms
d)
liquids
9.
Which of the following is NOT one of the 5 characteristics of minerals?
a)
Naturally Occurring
b)
Organic Processes 
c)
Definite Chemical Composition
d)
Solid
10.

What is the formula for speed?

a)

speed = distance x time

b)

speed=distance / time

c)

speed = time / distance

d)

speed = distance + time

11.
Energy due to motion is ____________ energy. 
a)
Potential 
b)
Energy
c)
Kinetic
d)
Friction
12.

What is the correct layer order of earth's interior from outside to inside?

a)

crust, outer core, inner core, mantle

b)

crust, mantle, outer core, inner core

c)

mantle, crust, outer core, inner core

d)

inner core, outer core, mantle, crust

13.

Which layer is very thin, solid, and rigid and is the outermost layer?

a)

Crust

b)

Mantle

c)

Outer core

d)

Inner core

14.

Which layer is very large and putty-like?

a)

crust

b)

mantle

c)

outer core

d)

inner core

15.

Which layer is completely liquid iron and magnesium and extremely hot

a)

crust

b)

mantle

c)

outer core

d)

inner core

16.

Which layer is completely solid iron and magnesium and is extremely hot and dense

a)

crust

b)

mantle

c)

outer core

d)

inner core

17.

Which layer of the mantle is the top layer right below the crust/lithosphere

a)

atmosphere

b)

asthenosphere

c)

middle mantle

d)

mesosphere

18.

Which layer of the mantle is in the middle and is solid and liquid at the same time (like oobleck)

a)

Atmosphere

b)

asthenosphere

c)

middle mantle

d)

mesosphere

19.

Which layer of the mantle is the lower part of the mantle right above the outer core

a)

atmosphere

b)

asthenosphere

c)

middle mantle

d)

mesosphere

20.

Why is the outer core completely liquid?

a)

Because of the intense pressure

b)

Because of the intense hot temperatures

21.

Why is the inner core completely solid even though it is very hot?

a)

Because of the intense pressure

b)

Because of the intense hot temperatures

22.

How do we know the inner core is the most dense?

a)

Because it is at the bottom

b)

Because it is at the top

c)

Because it is in the middle

23.

Order the layers of earth from MOST dense to LEAST dense

a)

inner core, outer core, mantle, crust

b)

crust, mantle, outer core, inner core

c)

mantle, outer core, crust, inner core

d)

outer core, crust, mantle, inner core

24.

Earth formed in a swirling disk of matter surrounding the sun. As particles in the disk collided and stuck together, they grew larger and some eventually became planets. What force was responsible for the collisions between these particles

a)

gravity

b)

radioactive decay

c)

seismic waves

d)

solar radiation

25.

What are the two sources of heat (thermal energy) in Earth's interior when it was FIRST being created?

a)

collisions and the sun

b)

the sun and gravity

c)

collisions and gravity

d)

the sun and radioactive decay

26.

What is the process called when the Earth is separated into different layers because of the different densities?

a)

density

b)

seperation

c)

radioactive decay

d)

differentiation

27.

What is it called when unstable elements break down and release large amounts of energy in the form of heat which warms the interior of the earth?

a)

Radioactive Decay

b)

Collisions

c)

Gravity

d)

Differentiation

28.

What cause the interior of Earth to separate into layers?

a)

variations in heating by the sun due to earth's tilt

b)

a decrease in the rate of rotation of earth

c)

the gravity pulling on materials of different densities

d)

collisions with meteors or comets

29.

What happens to the density and temperature within Earth's interior as depth increases?

a)

Density decreases and temperature decreases

b)

Density increases and temperature increases

c)

density decreases and temperature increases

d)

density increases and temperature decreases

30.

The amount of matter (or stuff) in an object

a)

Mass

b)

Volume

c)

Density

d)

None of these

31.

The amount of space an object takes up

a)

Mass

b)

Volume

c)

Density

d)

None of these

32.

The amount of mass in a certain volume. How compact something is.

a)

Mass

b)

Volume

c)

Density

d)

None of these

33.

More dense object ___________,

Less dense objects ___________.

a)

float, sink

b)

sink, float

c)

float, float

d)

sink, sink

34.

Which object is the most dense and why?

a)

lamp oil because it is at the top

b)

water because it is in the middle

c)

honey because it is at the bottom

35.

What makes an item have a larger density?

a)

more compact

b)

less compact

36.

Which object has a bigger VOLUME!

a)

Blue Block

b)

Red Block

c)

They have the same volume

37.

Which object has a larger MASS?

a)

Blue Block

b)

Red Block

c)

They have the same mass

38.

Which block has a higher DENSITY? (Which is more compact?)

a)

Blue Block

b)

Red Block

c)

They have the same density

39.

What is the formula for density

a)

D = V / M

b)

D = M x V

c)

D = M+ V

d)

D = M / V

40.

What is the density of an object that has a mass of 10 grams and a volume of 2 mL?

a)

12 g/mL

b)

5 g/mL

c)

8 g/mL

d)

0.2 g/mL

41.

Why do diet coke and regular coke have different densities?

a)

Because they are made out of the same materials

b)

Because they are made out of different materials

c)

Because they weigh different amounts

42.

Why does a tiny gold necklace have the same density as a large gold brick?

a)

Because they are made out of the same materials

b)

Because they are made out of different materials

c)

Because they weigh the same amount

43.

All of the following are different ways landforms can be created EXCEPT

a)

Wind

b)

Water

c)

Ice

d)

Oxygen

44.

A sand dune is created by

a)

Wind

b)

Water

c)

Ice

45.

A sand dune is formed by...

a)

Erosion

b)

Deposition

46.

A sand dune is formed by a ____________________ force

a)

constructive

b)

destructive

47.

A river canyon is formed by...

a)

Wind

b)

Water

c)

Ice

48.

A river canyon is formed by...

a)

Erosion

b)

Deposition

49.

A river canyon is formed by a ________________ force

a)

constructive

b)

destructive

50.

Glacial Till is when glacier drop off sediment as it moves across the land. Glacial till is formed by...

a)

Wind

b)

Water

c)

Ice

51.

Glacial Till is when glaciers drop off sediment as it moves across the land. Glacial till is formed by...

a)

erosion

b)

deposition

52.

Glacial Till is when glacier drop off sediment as it moves across the land. Glacial till is formed by a _________________ process

a)

constructive

b)

destructive

53.

A delta is when sediment gets dropped off at the mouth of a river flowing into a bigger body of water. A delta is formed by...

a)

wind

b)

water

c)

ice

54.

A delta is when sediment gets dropped off at the mouth of a river flowing into a bigger body of water. A delta is formed by...

a)

erosion

b)

deposition

55.

A delta is when sediment gets dropped off at the mouth of a river flowing into a bigger body of water. A delta is formed by a _______________process

a)

constructive

b)

destructive

56.

A rock pedestal is formed when ________________ breaks away at the bottom of a large rock

a)

Wind

b)

Water

c)

Ice

57.

A rock pedestal is formed by...

a)

erosion

b)

deposition

58.

A rock pedestal is formed by a ______________ force

a)

constructive

b)

destructive

59.

This process is responsible for moving the sediment from one place to another

a)

Weathering

b)

Erosion

c)

Deposition

d)

Sediment

60.

This process is responsible for dropping sediment off and piling up new sediment

a)

Weathering

b)

Erosion

c)

Deposition

d)

Sediments

61.

This is another term for tiny broken up pieces of rock

a)

Weathering

b)

Erosion

c)

Deposition

d)

Sediment

62.

Which of the following statements is correct about the hydrosphere and the lithosphere

a)

The hydrosphere is all of the land and the lithosphere is all of the water on earth

b)

The hydrosphere is all of the water and the lithosphere is all of the land on earth

c)

The hydrosphere does not include rain but does include all other water on earth and the lithosphere is all of the land on earth

d)

none of the above

63.

Which is the best definition for a constructive forces (process)

a)

to destroy

b)

to break down

c)

to wash away

d)

to build up

64.

Which is the best definition of destructive forces

a)

To build up

b)

To construct

c)

To destroy

d)

To create

65.

True of False:

Forces can only be either constructive or destructive...they can't be both

a)

True

b)

False

66.

Which of the following is an example of a constructive force (ONLY)

a)

Delta

b)

Tsunami

c)

Earthquake

d)

Volcano

67.

Which of the following is a destructive force (only)

a)

Deltas

b)

Earthquakes

c)

Landslides

d)

Volcanos

68.

Which of the following is both constructive and destructive

a)

Sand dunes

b)

Hurricanes

c)

Volcanos

d)

Deposition

69.

Weathering is a _____________________ force

a)

constructive

b)

destructive

c)

both constructive and destructive

70.

Erosion is a ______________ process

a)

constructive

b)

destructive

c)

both constructive and destructive

71.

Deposition is a ___________________ process

a)

constructive

b)

destructive

c)

both constructive and destructive

72.

What is gradient?

a)

The amount of water rushing down a slope

b)

The steepness of a slope

c)

The temperature of the the water

d)

The amount of vegetation in the soil

73.

What is runoff?

a)

water rushing off the soil and not eroding away

b)

Water eroding a lot of the soil

c)

a lot of erosion

74.

What is a meander?

a)

A straight stream

b)

A steep mountain

c)

An s-shaped curve in a stream

d)

a delta at the bottom of a mountain

75.

Where does erosion take place on a meandering stream?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

both

76.

Where does deposition take place on a meandering stream?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

both

77.

why does erosion happen on the outside curve and deposition happen on the inside curve?

a)

It is going fast on the inside and dropping off sediment

b)

It is going slower on the inside and wearing soil away

c)

It is going slower on the inside and dropping sediment off

d)

It is going fast on the outside and dropping sediment off

78.

How can you increase the amount of erosion on a stream table?

a)

Increase the gradient

b)

Increase the temperature

c)

decrease the amount of water

79.

How does vegetation help prevent erosion

a)

because water can't soak into the soil

b)

because wind can't get to the soil

c)

because vegetation is healthy

d)

because the roots hold the soil in place

80.

REVIEW: Which statement is correct?

a)

Weathering breaks/ Erosion drops/ Deposition moves

b)

Weathering drops/ Erosion breaks/ Deposition moves

c)

Weathering breaks/ Erosion Moves/ Deposition drops

d)

Weathering moves/ Erosion breaks/ Deposition drops

81.

Why is Tommy so awesome

a)

because he is cool

b)

because he is smart

c)

all of the above

82.

what do you measure height on a topographical map in?

a)

Feet

b)

Meters

c)

Miles

d)

Kilometers

e)

Anything your little heart desires in

83.

when did the earth form

a)

4 billion years ago

b)

5 billion years ago

c)

4.6 million years ago

d)

4.6 billion years ago

e)

A long long long long long long long long long long long long long long long long long long long long long long long long long long long long long long long long long long long long long long long long long long long long long long long long long long long long long long long long long long long long long long long long long time ago

84.

Why do we live on the crust

a)

because we want to

b)

Because

c)

Because the interior is too hot

d)

Because Fortnite is on the crust

85.

Who was Alfred Wegener

a)

The scientist who discovered the earth was made out of layers

b)

The scientist who discovered the earth was round

c)

The scientist who discovered Earth's continents were once combined, but eventually separated

d)

The scientist who discovered the laws of motion

86.
What is this a picture of?
a)
plate tectonics
b)
continental drift
c)
pangea
d)
glacier scaring
87.
This is a picture of glacier scars found in Africa.  What are these evidence for?
a)
Africa has always been near the equator
b)
Africa was once in an area of the Earth that had a very cold climate
c)
The continents have not moved
d)
sea floor spreading
88.
What evidence did Wegener use in his theory?
a)
Continents and fossils fitting together/matching-up like puzzle pieces 
b)
glacier scars and evidence from temperature
c)
mountain ranges and coal deposits line up across continents
d)
all of the above
89.
Why did no one believe Wegener's thoery?
a)
He could not explain HOW the continents moved
b)
He didn't have evidence
c)
His data was wrong
d)
He didn't use the right technology to gather data
90.
What two specific continents fit together most noticeably?
a)
Africa and North America
b)
South America and Europe
c)
South America and Africa
d)
Antartica and Africa
91.
What type of evidence was NOT used by Alfred Wegener to support his continental drift hypothesis?
a)
evidence from landforms
b)
evidence from fossils
c)
evidence from human remains
d)
evidence from climate
92.

Fossils of tropical plants have been discovered in Antarctica. How could tropical plants have formed in Antarctica?

a)

At one time, earth's entire surface was a tropical rain forest

b)

At one time, Antarctica was located closer to the equator

c)

The rotation of earth increased causing cooling temperatures

d)

Catastrophic volcanic eruptions melted the ice and exposed the soil to sunlight

93.

During the early 1900s, Alfred Wegener first proposed the theory of continental drift. Which of the following pieces of evidence did Wegener use to support this theory?

a)

The location of volcanoes around the Pacific Ocean basin

b)

Mountain building on the continental margins

c)

The similarity of plant fossils on different continents

d)

Faulting of geologic formations caused by earthquakes

94.

The symbols on this map indicate where fossils have been found. Each symbol indicates a different type of fossil. What do the locations of the fossils suggest?

a)

Similar fossils are NEVER found on different continents

b)

The continents locations have remained constant throughout time

c)

Each continent has completely unique plant and animal life

d)

The continents were once connected to each other

95.

why do earthquakes happen when they are not on the edge of the plate

a)

Bc Fortnite had an update

b)

The city blew a fuse

c)

Plates still influence it

d)

Surface waves

96.

Sea-floor spreading begins at the

a)

Deep ocean trench

b)

Mid-ocean ridge

c)

Continent's edge

97.

As the magma comes out of the mid-ocean ridge, it ______________ and _______________ .

a)

cools

b)

warms

c)

shrinks

d)

solidifies

98.
New crust is always formed at the...
a)
mid-ocean ridge
b)
deep-ocean trench
c)
asthenosphere
99.
Where would the oldest rock be found?
a)
L
b)
M
c)
N
d)
O
100.

What is the Mid ocean ridge?

a)

a continental mountain range

b)

a valley system in the middle of the ocean

c)

an underwater mountain range

d)

the middle of the ocean

102.

Where would a mid-ocean ridge be found?

a)

R

b)

M

c)

C

d)

All of the above

102.

Where would a mid-ocean ridge be found?

a)

R

b)

M

c)

C

d)

All of the above

103.

Where does subduction occur?

a)

M

b)

R

c)

G

d)

C

104.
Massive pieces of land that are part of the Earth's crust and upper mantle
a)
Tectonic plates
b)
Trenches
c)
Divergent boundary
d)
Continental shelves
105.
The OLDEST seafloor is located? 
a)
Closest to the mid-ocean ridge
b)
Farthest from the mid-ocean ridge
106.

What happens when Subduction occurs?

a)

Plates go under other rock and melt into magma

b)

Plates go above other rock and cool into rock

c)

Parts of the crust fall into space

d)

None of these

107.

study of reversal of magnetic polarity

a)

seafloor spreading

b)

paleomagnetism

c)

lithosphere

d)

Continental Drift

108.

What are plate tectonics?

a)

Where two plates meet

b)

All of the continents drifting

c)

Earth broken up into pieces that move around

109.

Where would the youngest rock be found?

a)

L

b)

M

c)

N

d)

O

110.

Why does the bottom of the ocean floor looked striped?

a)

Because earth's magnetic field stays the same, so the magma hardens in the same direction over time

b)

Because earth's magnetic field switches, so the magma hardens in opposite directions over time

c)

Because earth flips upside down every 200,000 years

111.

How often do earth's magnetic poles switch?

a)

every 100,000 years

b)

every 200,000 years

c)

every 300,000 years

d)

every 400,000 years

112.

What are the three pieces of evidence that support the theory of plate tectonics. Select all that apply.

a)

Similarity in fossils

b)

Paleomagnetism

c)

Coal deposits and glacier scars

d)

Seafloor Spreading

e)

earthquake and volcano data

113.

What does this pattern of earthquakes around the world indicate?

a)

seafloor spreading

b)

Plate boundaries

c)

hot spots

d)

edges of the ocean

114.

notice the mid-ocean ridge that is located beneath ireland. Since seafloor spreading happens along a mid-ocean ridge, which location has the YOUNGEST rock?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

115.

What are the two types of seismic waves waves

a)

P

b)

Q

c)

R

d)

S

116.

Which is the location of the epicenter?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

neither

117.

Which is the location of the focus?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

neither

118.

Select all that are true about P waves

a)

Primary

b)

Shear

c)

Secondary

d)

Compression

e)

Travels through solids and liquids

119.

Select all that are true about S waves

a)

Compression

b)

Shear (side to side)

c)

Secondary

d)

Arrive FIRST

e)

Travels through solids ONLY

120.

Why can't S -waves travel into the outer core

a)

Because the outer core is very dense

b)

Because the outer core is solid

c)

Because the outer core is liquid

d)

Because the outer core is very hot

121.

Why does a P-wave bend (refract) when it reaches the outer core?

a)

Because it gets faster as it starts to go through the liquid

b)

Because it gets slower as it starts to go through the liquid

122.

What is reflection?

a)

When S-waves bounce back when they reach the outer core

b)

When S-waves bend when they reach the outer core

c)

When P-waves bend when they reach the outer core

123.

What is refraction?

a)

When S-waves bounce back when they reach the outer core

b)

When S-waves bend when they reach the outer core

c)

When P-waves bend when they reach the outer core

124.

The diagram and graph below show how seismic waves travel Earth's interior. What happens when the P waves enter the outer core

a)

reflection, suggesting that the outer core is made up of the same material as the mantle

b)

refraction, suggesting that the outer core is made up of the same material as the mantle

c)

reflection, suggesting that the outer core is made up of a different material than the mantle

d)

refraction, suggesting that the outer core is made up of a different material than the mantle

125.

By looking at the graph, what can you infer about the material between 3000 and 5000 km?

a)

The material is solid

b)

The material is liquid

c)

The material is iron

d)

The material is rock