What is an element?

The simplest substances

Has specific and physical properties that can be used to identify it.

Represented by chemical symbols.

All matter is made up of?

Basic particle from which all elements are made?

Has a positively charged center, nucleues?

Surrounded by a negatively charged cloud?

Can combine with others of their own kind by forming chemical bonds.

A force of attraction between two atoms

The result of a chemical bond?

A group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds

Can be made of atoms of different elements or atoms of the same element

Made of two or more elements that are chemically combined in a set ratio

A compound is represented by?

Shows the elements in a compound and the combining ratios of their atoms

When elements combine chemically they form something with with properties different from those of the elements

Elements and compounds are substances but most materials are?

Made of two or more substances that are together in the same place but whose atoms are not chemically combined.

Each substance in a ??? keeps its own properties and is not combined in a fixed ratio.

Can be heterogeneous or homogeneous

In a ??? mixture the different parts can usually be seen and easily seperated

The substances in a ??? mixture are so evenly mixed that they cannot be seen and are difficult to seperate

Methods used to separate mixtures are?

Matter can be changed how?

Alters the form or appearance of matter but does not turn any substance in the matter into a different substance

What happens to a substance that undergoes a physical change?

Examples of physical changes

The methods of separating mixtures involve?

A change in matter that produces one or more new substances

A chemical change is also called a

A chemical change produces new substances with new and different properties

Examples of chemical changes

States that in any physical or chemical change, matter is neither created nor destroyed

During a ??? atoms are not lost or gained, they are rearranged

The ability to do work or cause change

Every chemical and physical change includes a change in

We know that matter is conserved in a chemical change, what is also conserved in a chemical change?

The measure of how hot or cold something is

??? Is related to the energy of motion of the particles of matter

The total energy of all the particles in an object

Flows from warmer matter to cooler matter

A change in which energy is absorbed

A change in which energy is released

The energy stored in the chemical bonds between atoms is called

____ Can change into other forms of energy, and can be changed into ____

The particles in a ??? are packed tightly together, vibrating slightly about their fixed positions.

There are two types of solids

Has a definite shape and volume

The particles in a ??? form a regular, repeating pattern and melt at a distinct temperature.

The particles in ??? solids are held tightly together, but not in a repeating pattern

Does not melt at a distinct temperature

The particles in a …. are packed almost as closely as those in a solid, but they can move around each other freely

Does not have a definite shape but has a definite volume

Also called fluids

A liquid’s resistance to flow

Inward force that brings the molecules on the surface closer together

Causes water to bead up on surfaces

is also a fluid

Move in all directions

Spread apart, filling all the space available

Doesn’t have a definite volume or shape

The force of the outward push of its particles on the walls of its container divided by the area of the walls.

Measure of the average energy of motion of the particles.

The change in state from a solid to a liquid

Pure substances have a specific temperature it melts called

The change from liquid to solid

The freezing point of water

The change from liquid to gas

When the particles in a liquid gain enough energy to move independently

Vaporization that takes place only on the surface of a liquid

Vaporization that takes place both below and at the surface of a liquid

The temperature at which liquid boils

The reverse of vaporization

When particles in a gas lose enough thermal energy to form a liquid

When the surface particles of a solid gain enough energy that they form a gas

The basic units of structure and function in living things

Form the parts of an organism and carry out all of its functions

Every organism is made of one or more ???

Explains the relationship between cells and living things

An instrument that makes small objects look larger

The cell theory states:

Most cells are too small to be seen by the human eye, so they used ???

Microscopes that use lights are called?

Microscopes that use electrons are called?

A microscope that uses two lenses

Has better resolution and magnification

Living things contain compound built out of a small set of?

A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances

The smallest unit of an element is a particle called

What forms when two or more elements combine chemically

When elements combine

Many compounds in living things contain the element

Most compounds containing carbon are called

Some important groups of organic compounds that living things need include

Large organic molecules containing Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen and in some cases Sulfur

Energy rich compounds containing Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen,

Used for energy in living things and are important components in cell walls and on cell membranes

Speed up chemical reactions inside living things

Long Molecules containing Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus. They include DNA, the molecule that stores the genetic information used to control the cell. The shape of a DNA molecule is called a Double Helix.

All of the materials that cells need move through the

Substances that move into and out of a cell do so by meant of

The movement of materials through the membrane without the use of cellular energy

Small molecules that can freely cross the cell membrane move by, moving from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration

Water crosses the cell membrane by way of

Uses Cellular energy to move materials through the cell membrane

The cell membrane changes shape to engulf particle

During ??? vacuoles fuse with the membrane to expel large particles

Plants use sunlight during the process of

Organisms that make their own food are called

Living things that get energy from the food they eat

All living things obtain energy from

During photosynthesis plants and some other organisms absorb energy from the sun and use the energy to?

Where does photosynthesis take place

Energy from sunlight is captured in the pigment

Where is the chlorophyll found

Water that enters that chloroplast is split into?

Where does the oxygen go in photosynthesis?

Where does Hydrogen go in photosynthesis

In Stage 2, Hydrogen and Carbon Dioxide, combine to make what

What is the formula