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WorksheetsAP Biology (Midterm Review)
Total questions: 128
Worksheet time: 2hrs 11mins
Which of the following is a group within the domain Eukarya?
Fungi
Archaea
Bacteria
All of the above.
None of the above.
A hypothesis is
the same as a theory.
a proposed explanation for a set of observations.
an explanatory idea that is broad in scope and supported by a large body of evidence.
a widely accepted idea about a phenomenon.
None of the above.
A theory is a(n)
idea that has been proven.
concept in the early stages that still needs to be tested.
description of a belief that invokes the supernatural.
explanation of an idea that is broad in scope and supported by a large body of evidence.
none of the above.
To be scientifically valid, a hypothesis must be
part of a theory.
controlled.
reasonable.
testable and falsifiable.
interesting.
The role of a control in an experiment is to
provide a basis of comparison to the experimental group.
prove that a hypothesis is correct.
ensure repeatability.
ensure that the experiment is completed with authority.
Which of the following statements regarding carbon is false?
Carbon has a tendency to form covalent bonds.
Carbon has the ability to bond with up to six other atoms.
Carbon has the capacity to form single and double bonds.
Carbon has the ability to bond together to form extensive branched or unbranched "carbon skeletons."
Carbon is one of the main elements contained in living organisms.
Which of the following organisms belongs to the group represented in box 1?
giraffe
tree
decomposing bacteria
leopard
dung beetle
The four most common elements in living organisms are
C, H, O, Fe.
C, H, O, Na.
C, H, O, N.
C, N, O, Na.
C, H, Na, Cl.
An uncharged atom of boron has an atomic number of 5 and an atomic mass of 11. How many electrons does boron have?
11
15
5
2
16
The sodium atom contains 11 electrons, 11 protons, and 12 neutrons. What is the mass number of sodium?
11
22
23
34
12
Typically, nitrogen atoms are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. An isotope of nitrogen could
be positively charged.
be negatively charged.
have more protons than the usual nitrogen atom.
have more neutrons than the usual nitrogen atom.
have more electrons than the usual nitrogen atom.
Compared to a solution of pH 3, a solution of pH 1 is
100 times more acidic.
10 times more acidic.
10 times more basic.
100 times more basic.
3 times more acidic.
A buffer
is an acid that is used to offset overly basic conditions in the body.
is a base that is used to offset overly acidic conditions in the body.
donates H+ ions when conditions become too basic and accepts H+ ions when conditions become too acidic.
donates OH- ions when conditions become too basic and accepts OH- ions when conditions become too acidic.
is none of the above.
1. You've been experiencing acid indigestion lately, and you'd like a quick fix for the problem. You do a little research on the Internet and discover that your problem is caused by excess stomach acid. In the pharmacy aisles, however, you're having a little trouble deciding what to purchase to address the problem. At the pharmacy counter, the clerk recommends that you purchase PEPCID AC or Alka-Seltzer tablets.
If you could check the pH of the recommended tablets, you would expect it to be
higher than 7.
lower than 7.
exactly 7.
pH neutral.
Which of the following contains a carboxyl and an amino group?
amino acid
fat
sugar
glucose
All of the above.
The results of dehydration reactions can be reversed by
condensation reactions.
hydrolysis.
polymerization reactions.
the addition of an amino group.
none of them. Dehydration synthesis is generally not reversible.
Different water molecules are bonded to each other by hydrogen bonds that form between
two hydrogen atoms.
an oxygen and a hydrogen atom of the same water molecule.
an oxygen and a hydrogen atom of different water molecules.
two atoms with the same charge.
Uranium is a metallic element that is used in nuclear reactors and nuclear weapons. The vast majority of uranium found on Earth is in the form of uranium-238, an isotope with a mass number of 238, while the uranium that is used for nuclear reactors and weapons is uranium-235, an isotope with a mass number of 235.
What is the atomic difference between uranium-235 and uranium-238?
Uranium-235 has three fewer protons than uranium-238.
Uranium-235 has three fewer neutrons than uranium-238.
Uranium-235 has three fewer electrons than uranium-238.
Uranium-235 has three fewer atoms than uranium-238.
The storage form of carbohydrates is ________ in animals and ________ in plants.
starch; glycogen
glycogen; starch
cellulose; glycogen
glycogen; cellulose
cellulose; chitin
What is the complementary sequence to the DNA strand TCGATGG?
TCGATGG
GGTAGCT
AGCUACC
AGCTACC
UGCAUCC
Your first big biology exam is coming up in a few days, and in order to prepare for late-night study sessions, you buy a box of Yummies, a delicious type of snack cake. After checking out the nutrition facts label on the side of the box, you discover that a single Yummie cake contains 4.5 grams of total fat, 27 grams of carbohydrate, 0 grams of fiber, and 1 gram of protein.
After eating a Yummie cake, what molecule do you expect to be most abundant in your digestive system?
amino acids
monosaccharides
cellulose
triglycerides
starch
Cyanide inhibits mitochondrial function; as a result, the rate of
ATP synthesis increases.
ATP synthesis decreases.
photosynthesis increases.
protein synthesis increases.
hydrolytic rates decrease.
The skin is the body's largest organ. It's made up of many different types of cells. Oils, produced by the sebaceous glands, prevent the skin from drying and splitting. The pigment melanin, produced by melanocytes in the epidermis, protects the skin from the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation. Sweat, released through ducts to the skin surface, helps to cool the body. The types of cells that produce these compounds have different numbers of specific organelles, depending on their function.
Melanocytes use many enzymes to produce melanin. Based on their function, you would expect melanocytes in the skin to have a higher than usual number of
lysosomes.
chloroplasts.
ribosomes.
microtubules.
nuclei.
Which of the following substances would have the most trouble crossing a biological membrane by diffusing through the lipid bilayer?
O2
CO2
Na+
a small, nonpolar molecule such as butane (C4H10)
When two aqueous solutions that differ in solute concentration are placed on either side of a semipermeable membrane and osmosis is allowed to take place, the water will
exhibit a net movement to the side with lower free water concentration.
exhibit a net movement to the side with higher free water concentration.
exhibit a net movement to the side with lower solute concentration.
exhibit an equal movement in both directions across the membrane.
In the lab, you use a special balloon that is permeable to water but not sucrose to make an "artificial cell." The balloon is filled with a solution of 20% sucrose and 80% water and is immersed in a beaker containing a solution of 40% sucrose and 60% water. Which of the following will occur?
Water will leave the balloon.
Water will enter the balloon.
Sucrose will leave the balloon.
Sucrose will enter the balloon.
There will be no change.
If placed in tap water, an animal cell will undergo lysis, whereas a plant cell will not. What accounts for this difference?
the expulsion of water by the plant cell's central vacuole.
the relative impermeability of the plant cell wall to water.
the fact that plant cells are isotonic to tap water.
the relative inelasticity and strength of the plant cell wall.
Facilitated diffusion across a biological membrane requires ________ and moves a substance ________ its concentration gradient.
energy and transport proteins; down
transport proteins; down
energy and transport proteins; against
transport proteins; against
What is the basic difference between exergonic and endergonic reactions?
Exergonic reactions involve ionic bonds; endergonic reactions involve covalent bonds.
Exergonic reactions involve the breaking of bonds; endergonic reactions involve the formation of bonds.
Exergonic reactions release energy; endergonic reactions absorb it.
In exergonic reactions, the reactants have less chemical energy than the products; in endergonic reactions, the opposite is true.
The transfer of a phosphate group to a molecule or compound is called
carboxylation.
ionization.
phosphorylation.
hydrogenation.
During redox reactions,
the loss of electrons from one molecule is called reduction.
electrons are lost from one substance and added to another substance.
protons from one molecule replace the electrons lost from another molecule.
the gaining of electrons is called oxidation.
In the electron transport chain, the final electron acceptor is
oxygen
carbon dioxide
water
ADP
hydrogen
Rotenone is a poison commonly added to insecticides. Rotenone binds tightly with one of the electron carrier molecules in the electron transport chain, preventing electrons from passing to the next carrier molecule. Insects exposed to rotenone will die because
they will no longer be able to perform anaerobic respiration.
high levels of fermentation products will build up in their bodies.
they will no longer be able to produce adequate amounts of ATP.
they will no longer be able to absorb water and will become dehydrated.
Which of the following processes produces the most ATP per molecule of glucose oxidized?
aerobic cellular respiration
alcoholic fermentation
lactic acid fermentation
All three processes produce the same amount of ATP.
If you consume 1 g of each of the following, which will yield the most ATP?
fat
glucose
protein
starch
enzyme
The conversion of CO2 and H2O into organic compounds using energy from light is called
glycolysis.
photosynthesis.
fermentation.
cellular respiration.
oxidative phosphorylation
Wood frogs freeze solid during the winter and then thaw in the spring. As the freezing progresses, blood circulation stops. How would you expect cells not being served by the circulatory system to produce ATP during this time, and what by-product would you expect to build up in the cells?
aerobic respiration and CO2
fermentation and lactate
fermentation and alcohol
photosynthesis and O2
Arsenic is a poison that binds to a molecule needed to build acetyl CoA. Based on this information, which part of cellular respiration would be stopped if arsenic were ingested?
glycolysis
citric acid cycle
electron transport chain
ATP synthase
Which of the following is an example of a photoautotroph?
grass on the front lawn
grizzly bears in Alaska
bacteria in our mouths
mushrooms growing on the side of a dead tree
your friend from 4th period
CO2 enters and O2 escapes from a leaf via
stomata.
thylakoids.
grana.
stroma.
aquaporins.
The oxygen released into the air as a product of photosynthesis comes from
water.
glucose.
carbon dioxide.
chlorophyll.
sunlight.
Which of the following molecules is a reactant of photosynthesis?
CO2
glucose
O2
chlorophyll
glycogen
The light reactions occur in the ________, while the Calvin cycle occurs in the ________.
stroma; thylakoid membranes
stroma; nucleus
cytoplasm; thylakoid membrane
thylakoid membranes; stroma
Which of the following is part of the light reaction?
carbon fixation
reduction of carbon
regeneration of NADP+
release of O2
glycolysis
Carbon fixation
occurs when carbon atoms from CO2 are incorporated into an organic molecule.
supplies the cell with ATP.
occurs during the light reactions.
provides the cell with a supply of NADPH molecules.
is the name of a new video game.
Why are most plants green?
Chlorophyll a reflects green light.
Chlorophyll a absorbs green light.
Chlorophyll b primarily uses green light as the source of energy for photosynthesis.
Green helps plants blend into their environment as a sort of camouflage.
You want to use radioactively labeled oxygen to trace carbon fixation in a plant. You should incorporate the radioactively labeled oxygen into
O2.
CO2.
H2O.
C6H12O6.
Eukaryotic chromosomes differ from prokaryotic chromosomes in that they
are simpler.
are circular in structure.
include fewer proteins.
are housed in a membrane-enclosed nucleus.
Prior to mitosis and after S phase, each chromosome of a eukaryotic cell consists of a pair of identical structures called
chromatin.
sister chromosomes.
nucleoli.
sister chromatids.
Eukaryotic cells spend most of their cell cycle in which phase?
interphase
prophase
metaphase
telophase
cytokinesis
The genetic material is duplicated during
the mitotic phase.
G1.
the S phase.
G2.
cytokinesis.
Which of the following is a feature of plant cell division that distinguishes it from animal cell division?
formation of a cell plate
formation of a cleavage furrow
lack of cytokinesis
production of four (rather than two) new cells per mitotic division
DNA synthesis
When animal cells are grown in a petri dish, they typically stop dividing once they have formed a single, unbroken layer on the bottom of the dish. This arrest (stopping) of division is an example of
mitosis
S phase
density-dependent inhibition
lack of nutrients
peer pressure
A benign tumor differs from a malignant tumor in that a benign tumor
is cancerous.
spreads from the original site.
does not metastasize.
never causes health problems.
is always fatal.
You have two flasks (labeled A and B) that each contain an equal population of normal animal cells. You place flask A in a machine called a shaking incubator, which shakes the flask at 37°C and keeps the cells moving so as to not allow them to adhere to the bottom of the flask. Flask B is allowed to sit in an incubator (without shaking) at 37°C. If you let the cells in each flask grow for a week, which of the following results are you most likely to observe?
The cells in flask A will have grown significantly, but the cells in flask B will have not grown at all.
The cells in both flasks A and B will have grown significantly.
The cells in both flasks A and B will have not grown at all.
The cells in flask B will have grown significantly, but the cells in flask A will have not grown at all.
After examining this diagram showing the concentration of water inside and outside of the cell, identify the tonicity of the solution.
hypertonic
hypotonic
isotonic
The solution surrounding the cell in Diagram B, would be defined as:
hypertonic
hypotonic
isotonic
If the dots represent sugar what direction will the water flow?
Into the cell
Out of the cell
Both equally (equilibrium)
Movement of SOLUTE through the cell membrane from high to low concentration is called.....
diffusion
active transport
facilitated diffusion
osmosis
All of the following would be associated with short distance signaling, except:
paracrine signaling
hormone signaling
synaptic signaling
plasmodesmata
cell-cell recognition
Which of the following is not a class of recepetor molecule?
G-protein
tyrosine kinases
ligand-gated ion channel
cAMP
Lipid-soluble signaling molecules, such as testosterone, cross the membranes of all cells but affect only target cells because __________.
only target cells retain the appropriate DNA segments
most cells lack the Y chromosome required
only target cells possess the cytosolic enzymes that transduce the testosterone
only in target cells is testosterone able to initiate the phosphorylation cascade leading to activated transcription factor
intracellular receptors are present only in target cells
