NEW
Font size
S
M
L
XL
WorksheetsAP Bio - Cell Membranes, Organelles, Communication
Total questions: 75
Worksheet time: 1hrs 7mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
A signal molecule that binds to a plasma-membrane protein is a
a)
ligand
b)
second messenger
c)
protein kinase
d)
receptor protein
2.
What is a G protein?
a)
specific type of membrane-receptor protein
b)
protein on the cytoplasmic side of a membrane
c)
membrane-bound enzyme
d)
relay protein
3.
What do second messengers do?
a)
transport a signal through the lipid bilayer
b)
relay a signal from the outside to the inside of the cell
c)
relay message from the inside of the mebrane throughout the cytoplasm
d)
dampen the message
4.
Signal amplification is most often achieved by
a)
an enzyme cascade
b)
binding of multiple signals
c)
branching pathways
d)
action of adenylyl cyclase
5.
What does a protein kinase do?
a)
removes phosphates
b)
transfers phosphates from ATP to proteins
c)
activates an enzyme
6.
Which of the following is a chemical message that usually travels through the bloodstream to target cells?
a)
hormone
b)
local regulator
c)
endocrine cell
7.
Which molecule typically serves as a communicator for cells?
a)
Carbohydrates
b)
Lipids
c)
Proteins
d)
Nucleic Acds
8.
Most hormones are proteins. Which other molecule type can serve as hormone?
a)
Carbohydrates
b)
Lipids
c)
Nucleic Acids
9.
1. Each of the following numbered processes are involved in signal transduction pathways:
I. Response
II. Amplification
III. Reception
IV. Transduction
Which of the following represents the sequence of events in a typical signal transduction pathway?
I. Response
II. Amplification
III. Reception
IV. Transduction
Which of the following represents the sequence of events in a typical signal transduction pathway?
a)
I, II, III, IV
b)
III, I, IV, II
c)
II, IV, I, III
d)
III, IV, II, I
10.
When epinephrine binds to cardiac (heart) muscle cells, it speeds their contraction. When it binds to muscle cells of the small intestine, it inhibits their contraction. Which of the following best accounts for the fact that the same hormone can have different effects on muscle cells?
a)
Cardiac cells have more receptors for epinephrine than do intestinal cells
b)
Epinephrine circulates to the heart first and thus is in higher concentration around cardiac cells
c)
The two types of muscle cells have different signal transduction pathways for epinephrine and thus have different cellular responses
d)
Cardiac muscle is stronger than intestinal muscle and thus has a stronger response to epinephrine
11.
Which of the following can activate a protein by transferring a phosphate group to it?
a)
cAMP
b)
G Protein
c)
protein kinase
d)
protein phosphatase
12.
The three stages of cell signalling are
a)
paracrine, local, and synaptic
b)
reception, transduction, and response
c)
transcription, translation, and folding
d)
alpha, beta, and gamma
13.
What type of transmembrane receptor is being shown?
a)
G-protein receptor
b)
tyrosine kinase receptor
c)
gated ion channel
14.
What is the name of the pathway that occurs when a signal is received and then converted into a cellular response?
a)
signal transduction
b)
biochemical
c)
catabolic
d)
anabolic
15.
What is the name of the molecule used in signal transduction pathways that readily diffuse and broadcast signals quickly?
a)
secondary messengers
b)
ligand
c)
kinases
d)
phosphatases
16.
Cell signaling that reaches the nucleus is likely to
a)
regulate gene expression (turning genes on or off)
b)
surpress metabolism
17.
Protein kinases activate other relay proteins by adding a(n) ____ to them.
a)
phosphate
b)
ATP molecule
c)
cAMP
d)
GTP
18.
Kinases are de-activated when
a)
phosphate is removed by a phosphatase
b)
GTP attaches to them
c)
ligand is released from the receptor
d)
apoptosis occurs
19.
Osmosis is the movement of _____ across a membrane.
a)
food
b)
energy
c)
oxygen
d)
water
20.
This picture represents what type of cell transport?
a)
endocytosis
b)
exocytosis
c)
osmosis
d)
passive transport
21.
What type of transport is this?
a)
facilitated diffusion
b)
active transport
c)
diffusion
d)
osmosis
22.
Which of the following is a type of long-distance signaling?
a)
Endocrine signaling
b)
Paracrine signaling
c)
Synaptic signaling
23.
Which of the following types of signaling involves the secretion of hormones by cells?
a)
paracrine signaling
b)
endocrine signaling
c)
synaptic signaling
24.
Which of the following involves signaling in the nervous system where electrical signals along nerve cells trigger the secretion of neurotransmitter molecules?
a)
endocrine signaling
b)
paracrine signaling
c)
synaptic signaling
25.
A signaling molecule that specifically binds to another molecule is known as a(n)
a)
enzyme
b)
ligand
c)
receptor
d)
channel protein
26.
Which of the following would be the fate of animal cells that lack receptors for local paracrine signaling molecules?
a)
They would be unable to respond to hormone signals in the bloodstream
b)
They would be unable to grow and divide in response to signals from nearby cells
c)
They would bind to locally secreted growth factors & intracellular pathways would be blocked
d)
They would grow and divide normally
27.
What type of transmembrane receptor is being shown?
a)
tyrosine kinase receptor
b)
G-protein receptor
c)
gated ion channel
28.
What type of transmembrane receptor is being shown?
a)
gated ion channel
b)
G-protein receptor
c)
tyrosine kinase receptor
29.
All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell EXCEPT
a)
a cell wall
b)
DNA
c)
an endoplasmic reticulum
d)
ribosomes
30.
The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. Which of the following structures is primarily involved in this process and therefore abundant in liver cells?
a)
transport vesicles
b)
smooth ER
c)
nuclear envelope
d)
Golgi apparatus
31.
Why isn't the mitochondrion classified as part of the endomembrane system?
a)
Its structure is not derived from the ER or Golgi.
b)
it is a static structure
c)
it is not attached to the outer nuclear envelope
d)
it is not involved in protein synthesis
32.
Centrioles, cilia, flagella, and basal bodies have remarkably similar structural elements and arrangements. Which of the following hypotheses is most plausible in light of such structural similarities?
a)
Cilia and flagella arise from the centrioles.
b)
Motor proteins such as dynein must have evolved before any of these four kinds of structures
c)
Cilia and flagella coevolved in the same ancestral eukaryotic organism.
d)
Loss of basal bodies should lead to loss of all cilia, flagella, and centrioles.
33.
Hydrolytic enzymes must be segregated and packaged to prevent general destruction of cellular components. In animal cells, which of the following organelles contains these hydrolytic enzymes?
a)
central vacuole
b)
peroxisome
c)
lysosome
d)
chloroplast
34.
Cells tend to be small, with sizes ranging between 1 and 100 mm. These small sizes help to ensure that cells have a favorable surface-area-to-volume ratio. Choose the statement that explains why a favorable surface-area-to-volume ratio is advantageous.
a)
Higher surface-area-to-volume ratios improve the efficiency of transporting materials in and out of cells.
b)
Lower surface-area-to-volume ratios improve the efficiency of transporting materials in and our of cells.
c)
Higher surface-area-to-volume ratios speed up the flow of cytoplasm within cells.
d)
Higher surface-area-to-volume ratios slow down the flow of cytoplasm within cells.
35.
The Endosymbiotic Theory suggests that eukaryotic cells evolved when an ancient cell engulfed another, forming a permanent symbiotic relationship. Choose the evidence that best justifies this claim.
a)
Both mitochondria and chloroplasts perform energy functions
b)
Eukaryotic cells have many mitochondria
c)
Eukaryotic cells have traits in common with archaea
d)
Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain circular loops of unique DNA
36.
Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells contain all of the following EXCEPT
a)
Cell (Plasma) Membrane
b)
Chloroplast
c)
Cytoplasm
d)
Ribosomes
37.
Which of the following is NOT an example of a Eukaryotic cell?
a)
Animal
b)
Fungi
c)
Protist
d)
Archaea
38.
Which of the following is major cause of the size limits for certain types of cells?
a)
evolutionary progression in cell size; more primitive cells have smaller sizes.
b)
the need for sufficient surface area to support the cell's metabolic needs.
c)
limitation on the strength and integrity of the plasma membrane as cell size increases
d)
the difference in plasma membranes between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
39.
Which of the following cells would have the highest surface area to volume ratio?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
they are all the same
40.
Which organelles modifies proteins and packages them into vesicles to be shipped out of the cell?
a)
free ribosomes
b)
rough ER
c)
smooth ER
d)
golgi apparatus
41.
Which organelle uses hydrolytic enzymes to digest substances?
a)
lysosome
b)
peroxisome
c)
smooth ER
d)
central vacuole
42.
This organelle means 'empty cavity' in Latin. They are actually fluid-filled sacs that store water, food, wastes, salts or pigments.
a)
vacuoles
b)
vesicles
c)
ribosomes
d)
microtubules
43.
Eukaryotic Cell
a)
a cell containing a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles
b)
a cell that lacks a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles; includes archaea and bacteria
c)
the idea that the mitochonria and chloroplasts were once free living and were engulfed by other prokaryotic cells.
d)
a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction
44.
What kind of cells have a cell wall?
a)
Plants and Animals
b)
Animals
c)
Plants
d)
Plants and Bacteria
45.
What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
a)
to make energy
b)
modify and transport proteins made by the ribosomes on it
c)
store water and other vital molecules
d)
to make lipid materials and to break down toxins
46.
What is the organelle used in cellular respiration and converts glucose sugar to ATP?
a)
Golgi Apparatus
b)
ER
c)
Nucleus
d)
Mitochondria
47.
A special set of microtubules used in movement. Long tail whip-like structure that propels the cell forward.
a)
Cilla
b)
Flagella
c)
Tubulin
d)
Centrioles
48.
What organelle is primarily involved in the production of oils and lipids?
a)
ribosome
b)
mitochondria
c)
smooth er
d)
lysosome
49.
What is the boundary of the cell that is made of phosolipid?
a)
Cell Wall
b)
Chlroplast
c)
Nucleus
d)
Cell Membrane
50.
What is the function of free ribosomes in the cell?
a)
they are transported out of the cell
b)
used for digestive enzymes
c)
polypeptide hormones
d)
metabolism of food
51.
Why is the surface area to volume ratio so important to cells?
a)
the surface area to volume ratio should be as small as possible
b)
a cell needs a small ratio so material will get across the membrane fast enough
c)
a cell needs a large ratio so material will get across the membrane fast enough
52.
Which of the following contains the highest water potential?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
53.
If a student was going to draw an arrow indicating the solution from the highest water potential to the lowest water potential, the arrow would be pointing
a)
from the left to the right
b)
from the right to the left
54.
Researchers inserted pieces of membrane with aquaporins into frog eggs and placed the eggs into a hypotonic solution. What did they observe?
a)
The aquaporins started to pump out water
b)
The eggs started to pump out Na+ to draw out water
c)
The eggs started to swell rapidly as water diffused inside
d)
The aquaporins started to pump in water
55.
What area would have the lowest water potential?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
56.
1. If the water potential of a cell is higher than the surrounding solution. The water will ____.
a)
Move into the cell.
b)
Move equally in and out of the cell.
c)
Move out of the cell.
57.
Pure water has a water potential of ___.
a)
1
b)
0
c)
-1
d)
100
58.
Which statement is correct about diffusion?
a)
It's very rapid over long distances.
b)
It's a passive process which molecules move from a region of higher to lower concentration.
c)
It requires an energy expenditure by the cell.
d)
It's an active process where molecules move from a region of lower to higher concentration.
59.
Plant cells have ___ for cell to cell communication.
a)
gap junctions
b)
plasmodesmata
c)
desmosomes
d)
tight junctions
60.
When a plant cell, such as one from a tulip stem, is submerged in a very hypotonic solution, what is likely to occur?
a)
The cell membrane will lyse.
b)
The cell will burst.
c)
The cell will become turgid.
d)
Plasmolysis will shrink the interior.
61.
Which is not a part of a signal transduction pathway?
a)
response
b)
transcription
c)
transduction
d)
receptor
62.
Which of the following is characterized by a cell releasing a signal molecule into the environment, followed by a number of cells in the immediate vicinity responding?
a)
paracrine signaling
b)
endocrine signaling
c)
long distance signaling
d)
hormonal signaling
63.
Which statement about diffusion is false?
a)
Diffusion does not require ATP
b)
Simple diffusion depends upon specific carrier proteins
c)
In diffusion, molecules move from areas of greater concentration to areas of lesser concentration
d)
Diffusion continues until the molecular concentrations are in equilibrium
64.
If aquaporins are injected into the membranes of epithelial cells that line blood vessels,
a)
the flow of Na+ through aquaporins will increase
b)
the intracellular concentration of K+ will increase
c)
the membranes will become more permeable to water
d)
the electrical properties of the cells will be altered
65.
The cell membrane is solid and rigid.
a)
true
b)
false
66.
Which way would the purple molecules move through the semi-permeable membrane?
a)
From the A side to the B-side
b)
From the B side to the A side
c)
none of the purple molecules would move
d)
they would move equally back and forth in a state of dynamic equilibrium
67.
Which transport does not require energy?
a)
Passive
b)
Active
68.
When cells are placed in a __________ solution they begin to swell.
a)
Hypertonic
b)
Isotonic
c)
Hypotonic
d)
Equalized
69.
A person would never have pure water put into their veins in a hospital because their cells would...
a)
Shrink/Dehydrate
b)
Expand
70.
Controlling what goes into or out of the cell with the help of energy is called
a)
active transport
b)
endocytosis
c)
passive transport
d)
exocytosis
71.
The sodium-potassium pumps requires energy to move ions across the cell membrane against their concentration gradient so it is a type of
a)
active transport
b)
osmosis
c)
diffusion
d)
facilitated diffusion
72.
The tails of a phospholipid are...
a)
Hydrophobic
b)
Hydrophilic
73.
Engulfing of bacteria by white blood cells is called as
a)
Phagocytosis
b)
Pinocytosis
c)
Exocytosis
d)
Endocytosis
74.
The difference in the concentration of a substance from one location to another is called
a)
diffusion
b)
osmosis
c)
concentration gradient
d)
passive transport
75.
Osmosis is the diffusion of _____ across a selectively permeable membrane.
a)
food
b)
air
c)
water
d)
oxygen
Reset
