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WorksheetsEnvironmental Science Spring Semester Final Exam Review
Total questions: 161
Worksheet time: 1hrs 21mins
Fossil Fuels
oil
natural gas
coal
all of these
Region with the most coal deposits
Asia
Europe
United States
China
Site of world's worst nuclear reactor accident
Middle East
Chernolbyl
Alaska
Europe
Region with the most oil deposits
Gaines County
Alaska
Middle East
Atlantic Ocean
Region with the most natural gas deposits
Middle East
Europe
United States
Asia
Oil and natural gas are formed from the
migration of complex carbohydrate molecules to nonporous rock formations.
decay of tiny marine organisms that accumulated on the bottom of the ocean millions of years ago
burning of high-sulfur, low-grade uranium.
decay of plants that lived in swamps hundreds of thousands of years ago.
Inside the combustion chamber of a coal-fired power plant
steam is directed against turbine blades and causes the blades to turn.
the turbine sets the generator in motion.
electricity is generated.
burning fossil fuels releases energy in the form of heat.
Most of the energy consumed in the United States is used for
residential electrical needs
commercial electrical needs
transportation
industrial purposes
The energy needs of the United States in the 1990s have
risen dramatically
fallen dramatically
risen slightly
fallen slightly
A nuclear reactor is
powered by a combustion chamber in which uranium is burned.
surrounded by a thick pressure vessel filled with a cooling fluid.
constructed from thick aluminum walls to control nuclear reactions.
surrounded by a thick pressure vessel filled with uranium and cooling fluid
New nuclei and neutrons result from
nuclear fusion
the release of electrons from a positively charge atom
the splitting of an atoms nucleus
the splitting of an atoms neutron
Nuclear fusion
must take place at extremely high temperatures.
does not release a great amount of energy.
must take place in low-density containers.
results in nuclei that are lighter in weight than the nuclei that existed before the reaction
Storage sites for nuclear wastes
can only be located in mountain ranges.
will always leak lethal amounts of radioactivity.
must be located in areas that are extremely geologically stable.
should be able to undergo the process of transmutation.
Which of the following is not a main use of fuel?
transportation
manufacturing
heating and cooling of buildings
cooking
The energy in fossil fuels is often converted into
electricity
magnetic fields
uranium
power plants
Which country uses the least amount of energy per person?
Argentina
Japan
United States
Canada
Much of the oil and natural gas in the United States is located in
Alaska, Minnesota, New York, and Texas.
Alaska, California, Michigan, and Nevada.
Texas, Colorado, New York, and the Gulf of Mexico.
Alaska, Texas, California, and the Gulf of Mexico.
Most of the world’s fossil fuel reserves are made up of
oil
natural gas
coal
waste rock
Crude oil is another name for
fossil fuel
natural gas
pertroleum
methane
Internal combustion engines release
carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
nuclear waste into the atmosphere.
iodized oil into the atmosphere.
methane into the atmosphere.
Oil production is still increasing, but it
will start decreasing in the next year.
is increasing much more dramatically than it did in the past.
will start decreasing in the next five years.
is increasing much more slowly than it did in the 1960s.
A large oil reserve
was discovered in Morocco in the year 2000.
has not been discovered in the past decade.
has only been discovered in Saudi Arabia.
will probably be discovered on the moon.
Which of the following is not a consequence of using nuclear energy?
production of electricity
reduction in the use of fossil fuels
a safer environment for humans
release of less readioactivity in the atomsphere than burning coal
Nuclear fusion and nuclear fission are different because
fusion releases no energy.
fission is a consequence of fusion.
nuclei unite during fusion and split during fission.
fission does not produce nuclear waste.
Which of the following is not true?
Uranium is good on a salad
Building and maintaining a safe reactor is very expensive.
It is difficult to find a safe place to store nuclear waste.
The fission process can get out of control.
The most serious nuclear accident in the United States occurred at
Chernobyl
Yucca Mountain
Diablo Canyon
Three Mile Island
Process of returning land to its original or better condition after mining
Reclamation
Overburden
Dredge
Slag
The wall of a coal seam
Long Wall
Bond
Alloy
Quarry
Minerals that contain valuable substances
Aggregates
Ore minerals
Reclamation
Smelting
Two or more metals that are combined
Alloy
Bond
Dumps
Flux
Open pit used to mine materials near the surface
Long Wall
Placer Deposits
Slag
Quarry
Process by which crushed ore is melted at high temperatures to separate impurities from molten metal
Slag
Subsidence
Smelting
Reclamation
Mining method used when ore deposits are located close toEarth’s surface
Acid mine drainage
Dredge
Surface Method
Compound
Sand, gravel, and crushed rock
Alloy
Compound
Quarry
Aggregates
Minerals concentrated by wind and water movement into surface deposits
Alloy
Compound
Gemstones
Placer Deposits
The sinking of regions of the ground with little or no horizontal movement
Smelting
Aggregates
Bond
Subsidence
Two or more atoms chemically bonded together
Bond
Alloy
Dredge
Compound
Ore deposits formed in cracks in rocks
Bond
Compound
Alloy
Vents
Minerals that have no commercial value
Aggregates
Gemstones
Gangue Minerals
Flux
Nonmetallic minerals prized for their beauty, rarity, or durability
Compound
Aggregates
Gemstones
Ore Minerals
A material that bonds with impurities and separates them from molten metal during smelting
Alloy
Flux
Quarry
Smelting
A floating barge on which buckets fixed on a convey or excavate sediments
Dumps
Dredge
Acid mix drainage
Flux
Rocks that cover coal seams near the surface
Compound
Bond
Overburden
Rooms
A layer of impurities that forms atop molten metal during smelting
Smelting
Slag
Flux
Alloy
A network of entries in coal mines
Rooms
Flux
Dredge
Long Wall
A law that set standards to minimize the surface effects of coal mining on the environment
Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977
Comprehensive Response Compensation and Liability Act
Law of Segregations
Law of Dominance
Contaminated water that results when acid dissolves toxic minerals remaining in mines and in excess rocks
Aggregates
Acid mine drainage
placer deposits
surface mining
Large piles of excess rock from mines
Flux
Dumps
Rooms
Slag
A law that regulates the release of hazardous substances into the air, soil, and water by mining operations
Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act
Law of Dominance
Comprehensive Response Compensation and Liability Act
Law of Segregation
Funds posted before a mining project begins
Alloy
Bond
Compound
Flux
What is one property that may be used to distinguish metallic from nonmetallic minerals?
Coal to Extract
value
carbon content
electrical conductivity
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a mineral?
naturally occuring
atoms in random patterns
usually an inorganic solid
orderly internal surface
Evaporites most commonly form in
arid regions where rates of evaporation are high.
rain forests where rates of evaporation are low.
cold regions that receive large seasonal snowfall.
areas with frequent volcanic activity.
What do hot, subsurface waters contain when they are identified as hydrothermal solutions?
chunky materials
dissolved minerals
gangue minerals
organic minerals
For mining to be profitable, the price of the final product must be
guaranteed in the reclamation plan.
a specific percentage of the reclamation budget.
greater than the costs of extraction and refining.
dower than the costs of extraction and refining
Placer deposits are surface deposits concentrated by
surface mining
subsurface mining
movement of wind and water
evaporation and condensation
Which of the following would not likely be mined using solution mining?
gypsum
potash
salt
sulfur
The first step in finding an ore deposit is
finding placer deposits
smelting
testing the salt content of rocks
exploring rock formations for mineralization
About ____________ percent of the world’s salt comes from the solar evaporation process.
10
30
50
70
A quarry could also be called
an open pit
the overburden
a longwall
pillar
Which of the following is a water contaminant that can cause acid mine drainage?
foux
carbon dioxide
methane
sulfuric acid
Surface mining can cause
only air pollution
only noise pollution
both air and noise pollution
neither air or noise pollution
A given plot of land can produce more food when used to grow plants than when used to raise animals because
One Tenth of a plant's mass can be used as food
1 Cal animal protein requires 10 Cal from plants
Plants provide more nutrients per gram
Plants mass can be used as food
The green revolution depended on
new biodegradable pesticides
high yielding grain varieties
clearing of forest for crop land
organic fertilizers
Most of the living organisms in fertile soil are found in
the surface litter and topsoil
the leaching zone
the subsoil
the bedrock
Erosion is a danger whenever the soil is
bare and exposed to wind and rain
plowed along the contour of the land
covered with grass
covered with forest
The development of pesticide resistance is an example of
malnutrition
persistence
pest control
evolution
All of the following describe typical types of malnutrition except
amino acid deficiency
insufficient variety of foods
diet of mostly vegetable and grains
low calorie comsumption
Livestock in developing countries provide
manure
eggs and meat
leather and wood
all of these
Biological pest control aims to do all of the following except
maintain tolerable pest levels
reduce all insects to low levels
boost plants natural defenses
leave non pest species unharmed
Plowing with machines irrigating with drip systems and ______ are all modern agricultural methods
using manure
applying chemical fertilizers
irrigating with ditches
all of these
Earth's available arable land is being reduced by
fast growing human populations
soil erosion
desertification
all of these
All of these contribute to famine except
crop failure
green revolution
unequal distribution of food
drought
Almost ______ of the seafood consumed in the world is produced through aquaculture
one half
one third
one fourth
three fourths
Which of the following is true of parks and preserves?
They are not affected by air and water pollution.
They serve as sources of wood for industries.
They provide limited hunting of designated wildlife.
They provide recreation for people.
One benefit of preserving farmland is
increased CO 2 production.
increased urban temperatures.
increased crop production.
increased urban sprawl.
In cities, traffic jams, substandard housing, and pollution can be the result of
urbanization
urban sprawl
urban crisis
infrastructure
What can be done to sustain the productivity of rangeland?
limit herd size
eliminate invasive plants
leave the land unused for a time
all of the above
Heat islands can affect local
weather patterns
water levels
traffic patterns
harvest patterns
When forests are not replanted after trees are cut, natural resources
increase
decrease
regenerate
remain unchanged
Each U.S. resident uses the ecosystem services provided by roughly
1 hectare of land
6 hectares of land
8 hectares of land
12 hectares of land
Urban sprawl involves people moving from cities to land that was previously used for
industry and open space
food productions
power lines
housing
Which type of area listed below is protected from exploitation?
farmland
rangeland
forestland
wilderness
Given that most people live in urban areas, why should rural areas be preserved?
They provide crucial infrastructure.
They provide ecological services.
They contain greenbelts.
None of these
Which of the following has not resulted from urban sprawl?
suburbs
overgrazing
loss of farmland
traffic congestion
Which of the following is an example of land used as a protected area to preserve the scenery and ecosystems?
Grand Canyon
Great Basin
Great Plains
Rocky Mountains
Which environmental problem is not caused by deforestation?
reduction of wildlife habitat
soil erosion
urban sprawl
increased atomospheric CO2
Which of the following most effectively allows forests to recover from tree harvesting?
cutting all of the trees and then replanting the area with seedlings
cutting only medium sized ore mature trees
allowing the forest to reseed itself
cutting only young trees and then replacing them with seedlings
Eliminating invasive plants and replacing them with native plants is one aspect of
urban management
deforestation
range improvement
overgrazing
Where do most Americans live?
in urban areas
on producing farms
in rural areas
none of the above
Regardless of where people live, they depend on resources produced in
urban areas
rural areas
ocean areas
wilderness areas
Which of the following is a side effect of heat islands?
drought
lower temperatures
lower temperatures and drought
increased precipitation
Which of the following is not an environmental benefit of open spaces?
lower summer temperatures
absorbing carbon dioxide
filtering pollutants from air and water
reducing traffic flow
During summer in the Southern Hemisphere, the Northern Hemisphere experiences
a little toward the sun
winter
summer
excess rainfall
In regions closer to the poles, the sun
never sets
never changes in altitude
is higher in the sky
is lower in the sky
Ocean currents have a great effect on climate because water
moves more slowly than air
stays colder than air
holds large amounts of energy in the form of heat
cannot hold energy in the form of heat
During an El Niño event, winds in the western Pacific Ocean strengthen and push ____ eastward
warm air
cold air
warm water
cold water
Earth’s precipitation pattern is mainly determined by the pattern of
global atmospheric circulation
solar activity
volcanic eruptions
all of these
Scientists estimate that a single chlorine molecule in the CFC structure can destroy as many as ___________ ozone molecules.
100
1000
10000
100000
As the amount of ozone in the stratosphere decreases,
more ultraviolet light is able to reach Earth’s surface.
the amount of phytoplankton in the ocean increases.
the amount of methane in the atmosphere increases.
Polar stratospheric clouds are high-altitude clouds made of
ozone and CFCs
ozone and molecular chlorine
water and nitric acid
water and sulfuric acid
Which of the following is not a damaging effect of ultraviolet light on the amphibian population?
interference with photosynthesis
death of eggs
genetic mutations among survivors
education of populations
High ultraviolet (UV) radiation levels at Earth’s surface can
produce CFCs
damage DNA
thin the ozone layer
change weather patterns
Which of the following will require most developed countries to decrease emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases?
Montreal protocol
Kyoto Protocol
Emissions Reduction Act
Reforestation Project
Some of the warming that has been observed over the 20th century can be attributed to
Human activity
plant growth
glacial meeting
droughts
The attempt to slow climate change is made difficult by
economic factors
political factors
social factors
all of these
Which of the following is not a major greenhouse gas?
water vapor
carbon dioxide
sulfur
methane
In an area away from forests and cities, geochemist Charles David Keeling measured the amount of
ozone in the air
oxygen in the air
nitrous oxide in the air
carbon dioxide in the air
Climate in a region is
the long-term prevailing atmospheric conditions.
determined only by seasonal daylight hours.
the atmospheric conditions on a given day.
never affected by ocean currents.
Rain frequently results whenever
cold moist air rises
warm moist air rises
warm dry air sinks
cold dry air sinks
Latitude strongly influences climate because _______ solar energy falls on areas that are closer to the equator than to the poles.
less
the same amount
more
sometimes less
An important property of air circulation is
warm air is denser than cold air.
cold air and warm air have the same density
cold air is denser than warm air.
air has no mass
Which of the following gases is most responsible for the greenhouse effect?
nitrous oxide
methane
oxygen
water vapor
Which of the following reduce(s) CO 2 in the atmosphere?
phytoplankton
tropical rain forests
oceans
all of these
During the summer, sunlight in the Northern Hemisphere shines
Opticauses skin cancer.
prevents DNA repair.
absorbs UV light.
destroys CFCs.on 1
Ozone holes appear in polar regions during springtime when ozone-destroying
chlorine atoms are released from polar stratospheric clouds.
chlorine atoms are captured by polar stratospheric clouds.
CFCs are synthesized on polar stratospheric clouds.
CFCs magnify ultraviolet light.
Once in the atmosphere, CFCs
quickly become harmless.
destroy ozone for only a short time.
persist but stop destroying ozone.
persist and continue to destroy ozone for decades.
Possible long-term effect of noise pollution
nausea
lung cancer
deafness
pollution control
Which of the following is an example of a primary pollutant?
ground level ozone
soot from smoke
radon
all of these
Which of the following would be a potential cause of sick-building syndrome?
acid precipitation
smog
fungi
all of these
Catalytic converters, scrubbers, and electrostatic precipitators are examples of
technologies used to treat sick-building syndrome.
technologies used to counteract the effects of acid precipitation on aquatic ecosystems
technologies used to capture radon gas.
technologies used to control pollution emissions
During a temperature inversion
sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides combine with water in the atmosphere
sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides combine with water in the atmosphere
levels of ground-level ozone decrease.
pollutants are trapped near Earth’s surface
What is not a consequence of acid precipitation?
an increase in the pH of soil and water
the death of aquatic plants and animals
the destruction of calcium carbonate in building materials
a change in the balance of soil chemistry
High blood pressure and stress are both human health effects linked to
smog
air pollution
light population
noise pollution
Oil refineries and gasoline stations are both sources of
particulate matter
volatile organic compounds
smog
all of these
Uranium-bearing rocks underneath a house can be a source of
ozone
asbestos
radon
formaldehyde
An increase in the pH of a lake would most likely indicate
the lake suffers from acid shock.
calcium carbonate has been released into the lake.
the area in which the lake is located suffers from acid precipitation.
higher than average sulfur oxide levels in the atmosphere.
Acid precipitation is formed when
sulfur oxides or nitrogen oxides combine with water.
sulfur oxides combine with nitrogen oxides.
ozone combines with automobile exhaust.
nitric or sulfuric acids combine with ozone.
Which is a secondary air pollulant
ozone
carbon monoxide
particulate
nitrogen oxides
Volatile organic compounds
are tiny particles of liquid or solid matter
are produced by chemical interactions between sulfur and oxygen
arean odorless colorless poisonous gas
are organic chemicals that form toxic fumes
Which device helps clean car exhaust
electrostatic precipator
scrubber
catalytic converter
ZEV
Which pair below are the two main sources of air pollution in urban areas
vehicles and volacanoes
vehicles and industries
industries and agriculture
none of these
Which is a natural indoor air pollutant
carbon monoxide
formaldehyde
nitrogen oxides
radon
Which is not part of correcting sick building syndrome
removing sources of indoor air pollution
sealing cracks where air leaks into the building
improving ventilation
cleaning air ducts
Which air pollutant scars the lungs
asbestos
radon
fungi
ozone
How much of Earth’s water is fresh water?
1 percent
3 percent
77 percent
97 percent
Which of the following does not make up part of Earth’s surface water?
wetlands
rivers
aquifers
lakes
Which of the following statements helps to explain why fresh water is a limited resource?
Most of Earth’s water is salt water.
About 71 percent of Earth’s surface is covered by water.
Most of Earth’s fresh water is not liquid water usable by humans.
both (a) and (c)
Surface water becomes groundwater when it
moves below the water table.
condenses to form drops of liquid water.
percolates into the recharge zone.
flows onto the ground through a spring.
A rock’s ability to allow the flow of water through it is called
permeability
porosity
recharge
distribution
Which of the following activities accounts for the greatest percentage of freshwater used worldwide?
drinking
washing
manufacturing
irrigating crops
Water diversion projects may involve the movement of water to dry regions using
canals
dams
reserviors
sprinklers
Which of the following would be the best way for a desert farmer to reduce water loss from evaporation and seepage and thus conserve water?
recycle cooling water and wastewater
install low-flow toilets
install a drip irrigation system
dig deeper wells
Industrial water use includes which of the following activities?
irrigation
power generations
drinking
car washing
Point-source pollution and nonpoint-source pollution differ in
the kind of biological agents causing the pollution.
whether the source of pollution is agricultural or industrial.
the number of sources from which the pollution is discharged.
whether the pollutants are chemical or physical agents.
Fertilizers are classified as which kind of water pollutant?
organic chemicals
inorganic chemicals
heavy metals
physical agents
One reason polluted groundwater pollution is difficult to clean is that
the location of underground storage tanks is not always known.
pollutants cling to the materials that make up aquifers.
runoff contaminates the water supply.
All of the above
Sources of ocean pollution include
oil spills
direct dumping
activities on land
all of these
Which Act strengthened the laws against dumping waste in U.S. waters?
Marine protection research
Ocean water act and sanctuaries act
Water quality act
both a and c
Ninety-seven percent of the world’s water resources are found in
fresh water
salt water
icecaps and glaciers
groundwater
Earth’s surface water is found in
lakes
rivers
streams
all of these
Most of the oil that pollutes the ocean comes from
operating boats and personal watercraft.
spills from oil tankers.
runoff from cities and towns.
leaking underground storage facilities.
The three major global uses of fresh water are
manufacturing goods, wastewater disposal, and irrigation.
drinking, bathing, and growing crops.
drinking, manufacturing goods, and generating power.
residential, agricultural, and industrial uses.
What is the purpose of adding alum to water during the water treatment process?
to filter and remove large organisms and trash
to form flocs that bacteria and other impurities will cling to
. to prevent bacterial growth
to remove unwanted gases
How is fresh water used in industry?
in manufacturing processes
in the disposal of waste products
to generate power
all of these
Many areas of the world that do not have adequate fresh water have become habitable because
rainfall patterns have changed.
water management projects have diverted water to the areas.
icebergs have been towed in to provide fresh water.
people have practiced water conservation.
A hole that is dug into the ground to obtain fresh water is called
the exchange zone
a well
an aquifer
a watershed
Which of the following is one way that a person can conserve water?
Take a bath instead of a shower.
Wash laundry in small, partial loads.
Use a low-flow shower head and take short showers.
Water the lawn daily and at mid-day.
Which of the following is a source of point-pollution?
unlined landfill
runoff from city streets
precipitation containing air pollution
runoff from farms
Animal feces would be classified as which type of water pollutant?
pathogens
organic matter
inorganic chemicals
heavy metals
Polluted groundwater is difficult to clean up because
groundwater is deep in the ground and dispersed through large areas of rock.
pollutants cling to the materials that make up the aquifer and contaminate the clean water
the recycling process of groundwater can take hundreds or thousands of years.
all of these
