WorksheetsAPES review
Total questions: 125
Worksheet time: 2hrs 4mins
1.The layer that contains the Earth's daily weather
Troposphere
Stratosphere
Thermosphere
Mesosphere
2.Extends from 50-85 km above the Earth
Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
3.Contains the majority of the Earth's ozone layer
Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
4.The highest layer of the atmosphere (above 80 km)
Troposphere
Stratosphere
Thermosphere
Mesosphere
5.The layer of the atmosphere that's heated by infrared radiation from the Earth
Troposphere
Mesosphere
Stratosphere
Thermosphere
6.Silt and sand are concentrated here
A horizon
B horizon
E horizon
O horizon
7.Litter layer, mostly undecayed materials
A horizon
B horizon
O horizon
Bedrock
8.The deep, underlying non-soil materials
Bedrock
B horizon
O horizon
A horizon
9.The layer where minerals that were leached out of layers above accumulate
Bedrock
B horizon
A horizon
E horizon
10.A mixture of soil, loam, and detritus; the topsoil
A horizon
B horizon
E horizon
Bedrock
16.The virus that causes this disease is transmitted through bodily fluids
Radon
AIDS
Malaria
Abestosis
18.Caused by microscopic fibers of a mineral
AIDS
Radon
Malaria
Asbestosis
19.Radiation that causes lung cancer
Radon
AIDS
Malaria
Asbestosis
20.Caused by a protozoan carried by mosquitoes
Radon
Asbestosis
Malaria
AIDS
21.Soil that has a substantial organic layer; fire helps to break down plant material in this layer
Desert soil
Tropical rain forest soil
Grassland soil
Deciduous forest soil
22.Soil composed of litter and humus; this soil is acidic due to the accumulation of needles
Grassland soil
Deciduous forest soil
Tropical rain forest soil
Pine forest soil
23.Soil is rocky, very dry, and contains almost no organic matter
Desert soil
Tropical rain forest soil
Pine forest soil
Deciduous forest soil
24.Soil is acidic and contains very little organic matter despite large plant populations
Desert soil
Pine forest soil
Tropical rain forest soil
Grassland soil
25.Soil is rich in humus and partially decayed leaves
Deciduous forest soil
Pine forest soil
Grassland soil
Desert soil
26.Is involved in the formation of nitric acid
Carbon monoxide
Sulfur dioxide
Nitrogen dioxide
Photochemical oxidant
27.Dust or soot
Suspended particulate matter
Carbon monoxide
Sulfur dioxide
Nitrogen dioxide
28.Ozone
Sulfur dioxide
Carbon dioxide
Nitrogen dioxide
Photochemical oxidant
29.Is involved in the formation of sulfuric acid
Photochemical oxident
Carbon monoxide
Sulfur dioxide
Suspended particulate matter
30.Health effects include reduced blood oxygen levels
Sulfur dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Photochemical oxidant
Nitrogen dioxide
31.The goal of the second stage of a waste water treatment plant is to:
remove the large soil material
aerate the water
make the muddy water clear
remove chemicals such as DDT or PCBs
lower the amount of organic material in the water
32.Which of the following organisms are the first to be adversely affected by thermal pollution in a stream
Trees along the bank
Insect larvae in the water
Large fish migrating upstream
Birds drinking the water
Bacteria in the water
34.Which of the following, if added to the solutions, would lead to an increase in pH?
Sulfur trioxide
Limestone
Carbon dioxide
Nitrogen dioxide
Sulfur dioxide
36.The pH value is a measure of the:
amount of heavy metals in the water
biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of the water
concentration of oxygen in the water
concentration of hydrogen ions in the water
depth the scientist can see under the water
37.Which of the following laws created the Superfund program?
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA)
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
Clean Air Act
Federal Water Pollution Control Act
National Environmental Policy Act
38.Later fall frosts and the northward migration of some tree and plant species may indicate which of the following global changes?
Increased global temperatures
The effects of more ultraviolet light from the Sun
A reduction in the volume of ice at the North and South Poles
Changes in global precipitation patterns
Flooding of areas near the ocean
39.High infant mortality rates are likely to occur in countries that have:
a strong and stable economy
high levels of education for adults
a stable food supply
high levels of infectious diseases
safe drinking water
40.Composting is a process that produces:
useful plastic products
a nutrient-rich soil conditioner
manure
lower-grade paper products
materials used in construction
41.All of the following statements are true except:
Energy can be converted from one form to another.
Energy input always equals energy output.
Energy and matter can generally be converted into each other.
The laws of thermodynamics can be applied to living systems.
At each step of an energy transformation, some energy is lost to heat.
42.Oxygen-depleated zones of the oceans, such as the one at the mouth of the Mississippi River, are most likely caused by:
large numbers of fish that are using up all the oxygen in the water
a reduction in the plant life in rivers that empty into the ocean near the dead zone
excessive fertilizers carried into the ocean, which cause algal blooms that lower the oxygen levels
thermal pollution in the ocean
acid precipitation falling on the ocean
43.One potential benefit of using genetically modified foods is:
the release of genes to other plants or animals
the resistance crops against pesticides
their growth in monoculture leads to a reduction in biodiversity in the area
unknown effects on the ecosystem into which they are released
higher cost seeds
44.Which of the following compounds would probably supply the greatest amount of useful energy to humans
The exhaust from a car
Unrefined aluminum ore
A glass bottle
Heat used to warm a home
A liter of gasoline
45.Which of the following figures most accurately gives the percent of the world's solid waste produced by the United States?
Cenozoic-Mesozoic-Paleozoic-Precambrian
Precambrian-Paleozoic-Mesozoic-Cenozoic
Paleozoic-Precambrian-Cenozoic-Mesozoic
Paleozoic-Cenozoic-Precambrian-Mesozoic
Mesozoic-Paleozoic-Precambrian-Cenozoic
46.Which of the following figures most accurately gives the percent of the world's solid waste produced by the United States?
50 Percent
40 Percent
33 Percent
10 Percent
5 Percent
47.Which of the following correctly describes conservation easement?
A process that conserves soil from erosion
A binding agreement that preserves land from further development in exchange for tax write-offs
An agreement that allows a developer to add new land to a housing project with little input from neighbors
A practice that prevents the breakdown of stream banks
A method of building a landfill to minimize runoff
48.The highest priority of the Clean Water Act is to provide
funds to increase recycling participation
guidance in toxic chemical disposal
funds to reclaim old strip mines
policies to lessen the amount of oil spills in the ocean
policies to attain fishable and swimmable waters in the United States
49.Which of the following best describes changes in the genetic composition of a population over many generations?
Evolution
Mutation
Natural selection
Emigration
Biomagnification
50.Women have fewer and healthier children when all of the following are true EXCEPT
they have little education
they live where their rights are not suppressed
they have access to medicine and health care
the cost of a child's education is high
they have access to birth control
51.Which of the following is a true statement
The population size of organisms following a logical population growth is not limited by a carrying capacity.
The population size of organisms following an exponential growth is limited by carrying capacity.
Increasing the birth rate of a population can increase the carrying capacity.
Increasing the death rate of a population can lower the carrying capacity.
Increasing the rate of food production can increase the carrying capacity
52.An increase in the amount of UV light striking the Earth as a result of ozone loss will cause which of the following?
Global climate change
Increased skin cancer rates in humans
Lowering of the ocean water levels
An increase in CO2 in the atmosphere
A change in the North Atlantic Current
53.Ozone in the troposphere can result in all of the following EXCEPT:
eye irritation
lung cancer
bronchitis
headache
emphysema
54.Which of the following describes the amount of energy that plants pass on to herbivores?
The amount of solar energy in a biome
The First Law of Thermodynamics
The Net Primary Productivity (NPP) of an area
The Second Law of Thermodynamics
The number of steps in the food web
55.The second law of thermodynamics relates to living organisms because it explains why
matter is never destroyed but it can change shape
living cells come from other living things
plants need sunlight in order to survive
all living things must have a constant supply of energy in the form of food.
the amount of energy flowing into an ecosystem is the same as the amount flowing out of that system
56.Acid deposition most severly affects amphibian species because amphibians
do not care for their young
are not mammals
need to live in both terrestrial and aquatic habitats
seldom reproduce
eat only small insects
57.All of the following are internal costs of an automobile EXCEPT
car insurance
fuel
pollution and health care costs
raw materials and labor
new tires
58.Scrubbers are devices installed in smokestacks to
reduce the amount of materials such as SO2 in the smoke they discharge
clean out the stack so smoke can move rapidly upwards
reduce the amount of sulfur in coal before it is burned
clean out the boilers for more efficient operation
reduce the amount of toxic ash produced
59.After ore is mined, the unusable part that remains is placed in piles is called
overburden
seam waste
leachate
tailings
reclaimation
60.All of the following are examples of externalities EXCEPT
Farmers that purchase cows for milk can also use the cow's fecal wastes as crop manure.
A construction worker purchases an automobile that reduces his commute time to work
A factory produces air pollution that leads to acid rain in the neighboring forest area
The construction of a new football stadium leads to increased income for a local business
Driving electric and hybrid vehicles reduces the amount of greenhouse gas emissions
61.Which fuel contains the greatest amount of sulfur?
Wood
Natural gas
Oil
Nuclear reactor fuel rods
Coal
62.Which of the following items includes the others?
Renewable resources
Natural resources
Economic resources
Manufactured capital
Labor
63.Biological reserves are areas that allow countries to
concentrate agricultural production in one area
set aside critical habitats to ensure the survival of species
control the flow of rivers and storm waters
provide grazing land in order to ensure economic growth
obtain needed minerals from underground mines
64.Which of the following countries has the shortest doubling time?
Denmark
Australia
United States
Canada
Kenya
65.Which of the following processes leads to increase in atmospheric water content?
Precipitation
Transpiration
Percolation
Infiltration
Condensation
66.Full cost pricing of a refrigerator would include
Adding the cost of employee salaries to the total cost
the refrigerator's total impact on the environment
the cost of transporting the refrigerator to the retail store
the value of the refrigerator if it was donated to a nonprofit group
changing the color of the refrigerator at a later date
67.Since 2000, the atmospheric concentration of which of the following has decreased as a result of anthropogenic activity?
Methane
Carbon dioxide
Chlorofluorocarbons (CDCs)
Nitrous oxide
Water
68.During a society's postindustrial state, the population will exhibit
rapid growth rate with a low birth rate and high death rate
slow rate of growth with slowing birth rate and a low death rate
a rapid growth rate with high birth rate and low death rate
a zero growth rate with a low birth rate and a high death rate
a slow growth with a high birth rate and a high death rate
69.Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of old-style landfills?
They generate gases that can be recovered and used as fuel.
Bad odors come from these landfills.
Toxic wastes leach into ground water.
Subsidence of the land after the landfill is filled
They create an eyesore in the neighborhood
70.The international treaty concerning endangered species (CITES) has tried to protect endangered species by taking which of the following steps?
Making more countries keep these species in zoos
Paying the debts of member countries in order to relieve the pressure to sell endangered species
Developing a list of endangered species and prohibiting trade in those species
Providing member countries with a police force to uphold the CITES treaty
Restoring endangered habitats
72.Salt intrusion into freshwater aquifers; bleach erosion; and the disruption of coastal fisheries are all possible results of which of the following?
Rising ocean levels as a result of global warming
More solar ultraviolet radiation on the Earth
More chlorofluorocarbons in the atmosphere
Reduced rates of photosynthesis
Use of the oceans as waste disposal area
74.Which of the following below would produce non-point source pollution
The smokestack of a factory
A volcano
A pipe leading into a river from a sewage treatment plant
A car's exhaust pipe
A large area of farmland near a river
73.The chemical actions that produce compost would best be described as
photosynthesis
augmentation
respiration
decomposition
nitrification
75.A nations gross domestic product describes
the amount of public transportation
the ability to provide health care
the amount of goods it imports
the amount of its economic output
the quality of its environment
76.Which of the following mining operations requires people and machinery to operate underground?
Mountain top removal
Contour stripping
Dredging
Area stripping
Shaft sinking
77.A country's total fertility rate (TFR) best expresses which of the following?
The life expectancy of women in the country
The average number of babies being born to women between the ages of 14 and 45
The total economic value of all foreign and domestic services
The number of babies under one year of age who die per 1,000
The total use of contraceptives in the country
78.The wastes stored in Love Canal contaminated the surrounding area by all of the following methods EXCEPT
leaching into the ground water
fumes from burning the wastes
flowing in the sewers
runoff into a nearby stream
spilled drums of waste
79.All of the following are currently used by humans to produce energy EXCEPT
nuclear fusion
nuclear fission
harnessing solar energy
burning fossil fuels
harnessing the Earth's internal heat
80.In sea water, carbon is mostly found in the form of
phosphoric acid
carbon disulfide
bicarbonate ions
methane gas
glucose
81.Acid rain and snow harm some areas more than other areas because certain areas
have more bacteria in the soil than others
have less of the ability to neutralize the acids
are at a higher elevation than the unaffected areas
are closer to lakes than the unaffected areas
have more complex food webs than the unaffected areas
82.The one area that does NOT store a lot of phosphorus is
rocks
water
atmosphere
living organisms
guano
83.The addition of oxygen to the atmosphere to the early Earth's atmosphere most likely occurred through the process of
volcanic outgassing
photosynthesis
meteorite impact
respiration by animals
bubbling geysers
84.Which processes do scientists use to eliminate environmental risks to humans?
1.Animal studies
2.Epidemiological studies
3.Statistical probabitities
1.only
2 only
1 and 2 only
1 and 3 only
1, 2, and 3
87.The BOD test is designed to directly measure
how much can pass to the bottom of a stream
the amount of nitrates in the water
how rapidly the water is moving
the amounts of coliform bacteria
the rate at which oxygen is being consumed by microorganisms
89.Riparian zones are important parts of land because they are
the area where most cattle feed when they graze
an area of diverse habitats along the banks of rivers
important buffers against wind
areas where varying amounts of light cause different layers of plant growth
the origins of rivers
90.Which of the following is a disadvantage of fish farming?
It can produce large volumes of fish for food
It can allow for genetic engineering, which leads to bigger yields
It is very profitable
It can lead to large die-offs due to disease
It can reduce the pressure to harvest wild species
91.Which of the following philosophies would be advocated by someone with the "environmental wisdom" point of view?
As the planet's dominant species, we are the most important.
All economic growth is good.
Society can use resources at an uncontrolled pace.
We will do best when humans manage the planet
All species are important, and we are not in charge.
92.The form of nitrogen that plants can use directly is
nitrates
nitrites
guano
N2 gas
methane
93.Which of the following best describes the effects of a thermal inversion?
Cold ocean water moves to the surface and warms water sinks.
Warm, polluted air rises and mixes with cool upper air, and pollutants escape
Warm river water cools when it enters the ocean
Polluted air at at the surface cannot rise because it is blocked by the warm air above it.
Cool air descends onto a city and lowers nighttime temperatures.
96.Which of the following ocean zones has the highest levels of nutrients?
Coastal zone
Euphotic zone
Bathyal zone
Abyssal zone
Photic zone
98.Acid deposition on soil kills beneficial decomposers; which of the following cycles would be most affected by the loss of decomposers
Sulfur cycling
Phosphorus cycling
Hydrologic cycling
Nitrogen cycling
Temperature cycling
2.Soil with the highest water-holding capacity
Clay
Humus
Silt
Sand
Loam
6.These lands are reserved for recreation and fishing, but not for commercial.
National forests
Natural Resource Lands
National Wildlife Refuges
National parks
National Wilderness Preservation Areas
7.These multi-use lands can be logged and fished.
National forests
Natural Resource Lands
National Wildlife Refugees
National Parks
National Wilderness Preservation Areas
8.These lands provide a domestic energy and mineral supply.
National forests
Natural Resource Lands
National Wildlife Refuges
National parks
National Wilderness Preservation Areas
9.Motor vehicles are banned from these hunting and fishing areas.
National forests
Natural Resource Lands
National Wildlife Refuges
National parks
National Wilderness Preservation Areas
10.These habitats provide protected breeding areas for many animals
National forests
Natural Resource Lands
National Wildlife Refuges
National parks
National Wilderness Preservation Areas
11.When this chemical plant exploded, thousands of people died from inhaling pesticides.
Chernobyl, Ukraine
Love Canal, New York
Bhopal, India
London, England
Chesapeake Bay, Maryland
12.Chemicals leaking out of a dump caused leukemia in local children
Chernobyl, Ukraine
Love Canal, New York
Bhopal, India
London, England
Chesapeake Bay, Maryland
13.The burning of coal produced smog so thick that many people died of respiratory illnesses.
Chernobyl, Ukraine
Love Canal, New York
Bhopal, India
London, England
Chesapeake Bay, Maryland
14.This estuary is eutophied, and many plant and animal species are now unable to live there
Chernobyl, Ukraine
Love Canal, New York
Bhopal, India
London, England
Chesapeake Bay, Maryland
15.An explosion in a nuclear reactor spread radioactive materials over thousands of hectares in this region
Chernobyl, Ukraine
Love Canal, New York
Bhopal, India
London, England
Chesapeake Bay, Maryland
16.This method can produce leachate
Landfill
Incineration
Chemical treatment
Biological treatment
Discharge into sewers and rivers
17.This method reduces the acidity of a solution
Landfill
Incineration
Chemical treatment
Biological treatment
Discharge into sewers and rivers
18.This method can release toxic gas
Landfill
Incineration
Chemical treatment
Biological treatment
Discharge into sewers and rivers
19.This method can cause high biological oxygen demand (BOD)
Landfill
Incineration
Chemical treatment
Biological treatment
Discharge into sewers and rivers
20.This method involves the use of bacteria and fungi
Landfill
Incineration
Chemical treatment
Biological treatment
Discharge into sewers and rivers
29.One source of this is spilled gasoline
O3
SO3
Pollen
Soot
Hydrocarbons
30.Small particles of this can irritate both the eyes and lungs
O3
SO3
Pollen
Soot
Hydrocarbons
31.Exposure to which of the following noises would cause the most damage to a person's hearing
A vacuum cleaner
A chain saw
A factory
The firing of a rifle
A lawn mower
34.The shrinking of the Aral Sea and the ecological disaster that followed was mainly caused by
The diversion of the sea's two feeder rivers for agricultural use
Withdrawing groundwater from the area
A major earthquake that hit the region
The loss of swap lands in the area
The massive use of pesticides
36.Which type of irrigation results in the greatest amount of water lost to evaporation
1.Flood Irrigation
2.Drip Irrigation
3.Low-pressure central pivot irrigation
1 only
2 only
1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1, 2, and 3
41.The long term storage of phosphorus and sulfur is in which of the following
Bacteria
Rocks
Water
Plants
Atmosphere
45.The release of chemicals from underground storage tanks is most likely to pollute which of the following
A landfill
The atmosphere
The ecotone
Aquifers
The hydrosphere
46.The United States Congress failed to ratify which of the following international agreements that is designed to control the release of carbon dioxide?
CITES agreement
Kyoto protocol
Montreal Protocol
Clean Air Act
RCRA
48.Which of the following best describes the goals of the CAFE standards
Reduce pollution by coal-fired power plants
Increase habitat diversity in certain area
Improve the quality of air around cities
Protect certain endangered species
Improve the fuel efficiency of automobiles in the United States
49.Which of the following best describes the use of DDT
It supplies needed nitrogen plants.
It kills weeds and unwanted plants
It decreases the amount of pollution from car exhaust
It is a chemical involved in photosyntheis
It is an insecticide
55.All of the following are major components of air pollution EXCEPT
sulfur dioxide
lead
arsenic
particulates
ozone
56.Which of the following is the root cause of habitat loss, especially in less developed nations?
Road building
Poverty
Conversion of forest to farmland
Capturing exotic animals for resale
A warm, moist habitat
57.All of the following are causes of urban sprawl except
increased number of roads
higher crime rates in urban areas
higher levels of air and noise pollution in cities
increased oil prices
decreased cost of living in suburban areas
60.Convectional heating and cooling of the atmosphere transfers which of the following to other parts of the Earth?
1.Heat
2.Moisture
3.Nutrients
1 only
2 only
3 only
1 and 2 only
1, 2, and 3
63.The North Atlantic Current provides which of the following for Europe and North America?
Fish to feed predators such as killer whales
Warm water that moderates land temperatures
Large amounts of CO2 to promote photosynthesis
Cold saltwater to help form iceburgs
Mineral-Rich waters to reduce depleted mineral reserves
66.Which two countries together are responsible for 40% of the global greenhouse gas emissions
United States and Great Britain
United States and China
China and India
Great Britain and Russia
Russia and Australia
67.Nuclear reactors use which of the following to absorb neutrons in the reactor core
Steam condenser
Control rods
Heat exchanger
Fuel rods
Turbines
Which of the following fishing techniques is most damaging to ocean bottom ecosystems
Trawling
Drift nets
Long lines
Purse-seine
Fish farming
72.Doing which of the following could most effectively reduce acid rain and acid deposition
Reducing the use and waste of electricity
Making taller smokestacks
Burning coal twice
Adding lime to acidified lakes
Moving power plants to desert areas
75.All of the following are true about CO2 sequestering EXCEPT
It can be accomplished by pumping CO2 into carbonated beverages
It can be accomplished by pumping CO2 into crop lands
It can be accomplished by pumping CO2 deep under the ocean floor
It can be accomplished by pumping CO2 deep underground into dried-up oil wells
It can be accomplished by pumping CO2 into immature forests
78.Salinization of soil can be caused by all of the following EXCEPT
flooding in coastal areas
rising temperatures
excessive irrigation
drip irrigation
lack of precipitation
83.Ozone depletion is occurring most rapidly in the Earth's polar regions because
there are more researchers studying the problem at the poles than at the squares
the atmosphere is thicker at the poles, so ozone destruction is easier to observe
large amounts of CFCs can accumulate on ice crystals formed in the cold atmosphere
the upper atmosphere winds form a pattern of high and low pressure systems that can cause the destruction of the ozone
the solar UV radiation is stronger at the poles, promoting the breakdown of ozone
87.Which of the following is a renewable energy source?
Crude oil
Coal
Natural gas
Nuclear energy
Hydrogen cells
88.The energy necessary to produce stratospheric ozone comes from which of the following?
Oxygen
Sunlight
Radioactive decay
Magma
Wind
98.During an El Nino Southern Oscillation, weather events change in which of the following areas?
The Pacific and Indian Oceans
The Atlantic and Indian Oceans
The Arctic sea
The Indian and Antarctic Oceans
The Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
99.Which of the following pairs correctly matches the source of gray water with its most frequent use in the home?
Dishwasher and sink water used to flush toilets
Flushed toilet water used to irrigate garden plants
Dishwasher and sink water used to irrigate garden plants
Water collected from rainfall used to flush toilets
Water from showers used for dish washing
