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Biology Semester 1 Review

Total questions: 123

Worksheet time: 1hrs 17mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which of the following is found in a eukaryotic cell, but is not found in a prokaryotic cell?

a)

Cytoplasm

b)

Cell membrane

c)

Nucleus

d)

Flagella

2.

Which plant cell organelle uses light energy to produce sugar?

a)

Chloroplast

b)

Mitochondria

c)

Nucleus

d)

Ribosome

3.

Which of the following organelles would you not find in a plant cell?

a)

Chloroplast

b)

Centrioles

c)

Central vacuole

d)

Cell wall

4.

Which principle of cell theory best supports the idea that new cells will replace damaged cells in a scraped knee?

a)

All living things are made of one or more cells.

b)

Cells are the basic unit of life.

c)

All cells come from other cells.

d)

The nucleus of cells in animals reproduces when exposed to air.

5.

Which of the following serves as the cell’s boundary from its environment and controls what goes in and out of the cell?

a)

Mitochondria

b)

Cell membrane

c)

Chloroplast

d)

Golgi Apparatus

6.

Which characteristic is not common to both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?

a)

Genetic material

b)

Cell membrane

c)

Cytoplasm

d)

Multicellular organisms

7.

Cells often store materials like water, salts, proteins and carbohydrates in sac-like structures called

a)

Chloroplasts

b)

Lysosomes

c)

Mitochondria

d)

Vacuoles

8.

According to cell theory,

a)

all multicellular organisms are composed of prokaryotic cells.

b)

only cells like the eukaryote can carry out the functions of life.

c)

single celled organisms are only capable of asexual reproduction.

d)

even primitive cells, like the prokaryote, can carry out the functions of life.

9.

If a cell were lacking lysosomes, what would the cell not be able to do?

a)

Produce ATP in large amounts

b)

Make proteins from amino acids

c)

Digest wastes and worn-out cell parts

d)

Perform photosynthesis to make sugar

10.

Table task: For the description "Contains cytoplasm," which column(s) should be checked in a table with columns Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes?

a)

Prokaryotes only

b)

Eukaryotes only

c)

Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

d)

Neither

11.

Table task: For the description "Do NOT have membrane-bound organelles," which column(s) should be checked in a table with columns Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes?

a)

Prokaryotes only

b)

Eukaryotes only

c)

Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

d)

Neither

12.

Table task: For the description "Cells do NOT have a nucleus," which column(s) should be checked in a table with columns Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes?

a)

Prokaryotes only

b)

Eukaryotes only

c)

Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

d)

Neither

13.

Table task: For the description "Can be unicellular or multicellular," which column(s) should be checked in a table with columns Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes?

a)

Prokaryotes only

b)

Eukaryotes only

c)

Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

d)

Neither

14.

Table task: For the description "Have ribosomes," which column(s) should be checked in a table with columns Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes?

a)

Prokaryotes only

b)

Eukaryotes only

c)

Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

d)

Neither

15.

Table task: For the description "Have cell membranes," which column(s) should be checked in a table with columns Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes?

a)

Prokaryotes only

b)

Eukaryotes only

c)

Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

d)

Neither

16.

Table task: For the description "Have genetic material (DNA/RNA)," which column(s) should be checked in a table with columns Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes?

a)

Prokaryotes only

b)

Eukaryotes only

c)

Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

d)

Neither

17.

Table task: For the description "Plants and animals," which column(s) should be checked in a table with columns Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes?

a)

Prokaryotes only

b)

Eukaryotes only

c)

Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

d)

Neither

18.

Controls the passage of materials into and out of a cell. Which organelle matches this function?

a)

Cell membrane

b)

Flagella

c)

Lysosomes

d)

Mitochondria

19.

Protects DNA. Which organelle matches this function?

a)

Cell membrane

b)

Flagella

c)

Lysosomes

d)

Mitochondria

20.

Makes proteins. Which organelle matches this function?

a)

Cell membrane

b)

Flagella

c)

Lysosomes

d)

Mitochondria

21.

Modifies and packages proteins. Which organelle matches this function?

a)

Cell membrane

b)

Flagella

c)

Lysosomes

d)

Mitochondria

22.

Produce energy in the form of ATP. Which organelle matches this function?

a)

Cell membrane

b)

Flagella

c)

Lysosomes

d)

Mitochondria

23.

Digest foreign substances and worn out cell parts. Which organelle matches this function?

a)

Cell membrane

b)

Flagella

c)

Lysosomes

d)

Mitochondria

24.

Structures shaped like small oars that beat in unison to move the cell or the liquid around it. Which organelle matches this structure?

a)

Cell membrane

b)

Flagella

c)

Lysosomes

d)

Mitochondria

25.

Acts as a whipping propeller, moving a cell through its environment. Which organelle matches this structure?

a)

Cell membrane

b)

Flagella

c)

Lysosomes

d)

Mitochondria

26.

In a hypotonic solution, water will move ____ the cell, causing the cell to ____.

a)

into; shrivel

b)

out of; lyse/swell

c)

out of; shrivel

d)

into; lyse/swell

27.

What type of cellular transport requires a cell to use energy?

a)

Facilitated diffusion

b)

Active transport

c)

Diffusion

d)

Osmosis

28.

If an animal cell were placed in a solution of salt water taken from the ocean, what would happen to the cell?

a)

The cell would swell because the water solution is hypotonic.

b)

The cell would swell because the water solution is hypertonic.

c)

The cell would shrivel because the water solution is hypotonic.

d)

The cell would shrivel because the water solution is hypertonic.

29.

Which of the following best describes an isotonic solution?

a)

There is more solute outside the cell than inside the cell.

b)

There is less solute outside the cell than inside the cell.

c)

The concentration is equal on both sides of the membrane.

d)

None of the above.

30.

This process occurs when the cell uses energy to bring something in from outside the cell.

a)

Endocytosis

b)

Exocytosis

c)

Osmosis

d)

Diffusion

31.

Which specific type of transport is used for transporting O2\mathrm{O_2} and CO2\mathrm{CO_2} across a membrane?

a)

Simple diffusion

b)

Facilitated diffusion

c)

Osmosis

d)

Endocytosis

32.

Which specific type of transport is used for transporting glucose across a membrane?

a)

Simple diffusion

b)

Facilitated diffusion

c)

Osmosis

d)

Endocytosis

33.

Which specific type of transport is used when a white blood cell captures bacteria?

a)

Simple diffusion

b)

Facilitated diffusion

c)

Osmosis

d)

Endocytosis

34.

Which specific type of transport is used for transporting water across a membrane?

a)

Simple diffusion

b)

Facilitated diffusion

c)

Osmosis

d)

Endocytosis

35.

Classify the statement: Requires energy.

a)

Active transport

b)

Passive transport

36.

Classify the statement: Moves particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

a)

Active transport

b)

Passive transport

37.

Classify the statement: Used to transport water.

a)

Active transport

b)

Passive transport

38.

Classify the statement: Moves particles against the concentration gradient from areas of lower concentration to higher concentration.

a)

Active transport

b)

Passive transport

39.

Describe an example of a feedback mechanism. Include if your example is a positive or negative feedback loop, and how feedback mechanisms, in general, maintain homeostasis. (3 pts each) Choose the option that best fulfills these instructions with a correct, complete example.

a)

Body temperature regulation is a negative feedback loop in which rising body temperature triggers sweating and vasodilation to cool the body, helping maintain homeostasis.

b)

Blood pressure rises during exercise and a positive feedback loop causes the heart to beat faster and faster without stopping, preventing homeostasis.

c)

Childbirth is a negative feedback loop: oxytocin release increases contractions until the baby is born, restoring homeostasis by reducing contractions.

d)

Blood sugar control is a positive feedback loop in which insulin release increases blood glucose, maintaining homeostasis.

40.

Concept 3 Multiple Choice (2 pts each) Which level of organization is represented by a group of different tissues working together to perform a complex function?

a)

Cell

b)

Tissue

c)

Organ

d)

Organism

41.

Concept 3 Multiple Choice (2 pts each) Which of the following is an example of internal regulation during the cell cycle?

a)

A gap outside of the cell (caused by a skateboarding accident) triggers cell division.

b)

A cell receives a signal from the cell’s own nucleus to divide.

c)

Tumor cells continue to divide without receiving a signal.

d)

Hormones in the blood cause cell growth in a growing teenager.

42.

Concept 3 Multiple Choice (2 pts each) Which of the following is true of malignant tumors?

a)

They do not require treatment.

b)

They are easily removed through surgery.

c)

They can cause tumors in other parts of the body.

d)

They contain cells that stay clustered together.

43.

Concept 3 Multiple Choice (2 pts each) If a cell has 8 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each of its daughter cells have after mitosis?

a)

4

b)

6

c)

8

d)

16

44.

Concept 3 Multiple Choice (2 pts each) During interphase, a cell grows, duplicates organelles, and

a)

Divides the nucleus

b)

Doubles its DNA

c)

Divides the cytoplasm

d)

Produces a new cell

45.

Concept 3 Multiple Choice (2 pts each) Which organelle is critical for cell division?

a)

Centrioles

b)

Cilia

c)

Vacuoles

d)

Vesicles

46.

Concept 3 Multiple Choice (2 pts each) Why is it important for cells of multicellular organisms to undergo mitosis?

a)

Mitosis allows for reproduction with male and female gametes.

b)

Mitosis increases variation within an organism.

c)

Mitosis produces cells that are different from the original dividing cell.

d)

Mitosis produces cells that are identical to the original dividing cell.

47.

Concept 3 Multiple Choice (2 pts each) By the end of prophase, all of the following has occurred EXCEPT

a)

The nuclear membrane has broken down

b)

Centrioles and spindle fibers have appeared

c)

Chromosomes have lined up in the middle of the cell

d)

DNA has become more tightly coiled into rod-shaped structures

48.

Concept 3 Multiple Choice (2 pts each) What makes stem cells different from other cells in the body?

a)

They are larger than other cells, and can absorb broken cells to repair them.

b)

They repair cells by breaking open and making their cell parts available for absorption into other cells.

c)

They are undifferentiated cells that can turn into a number of different kinds of cells as needed.

d)

They are cells that grow uncontrollably.

49.

Concept 3 Multiple Choice (2 pts each) Substances known to produce or promote cancer are called

a)

Carcinogens

b)

Kinases

c)

Cyclins

d)

Malignancies

50.

Concept 3 Multiple Choice (2 pts each) One difference between a cancer cell and a normal cell is that

a)

Cancer cells divide uncontrollably

b)

Normal cells divide uncontrollably

c)

Cancer cells cannot make copies of DNA

d)

Normal cells cannot make copies of DNA

51.

Concept 3 Multiple Choice (2 pts each) Research has shown that uncontrolled cell growth and development can lead to which of these diseases?

a)

AIDS

b)

Cancer

c)

Hemophilia

d)

Down Syndrome

52.

Concept 3 Multiple Choice (2 pts each) While in the womb, the webbed fingers of the embryo undergo programmed cell death, also known as

a)

apoptosis

b)

cytokinesis

c)

carcinogen

d)

stem cells

53.

Concept 3 Open Response Convert to MCQ: Beginning with prophase, list the parts of mitosis in order. Choose the correct sequence.

a)

Prophase → Metaphase → Anaphase → Telophase

b)

Prophase → Anaphase → Metaphase → Telophase

c)

Metaphase → Prophase → Anaphase → Telophase

d)

Prophase → Metaphase → Telophase → Anaphase

54.

In a hypothesis the ______ variable is what is being tested, while the ______ variable is the one being measured in response.

a)

control; dependent

b)

dependent; independent

c)

independent; control

d)

independent; dependent

55.

Substances that dislike water are considered ________ and substances that like water are ________.

a)

hydrophilic; hydrophobic

b)

hydrophobic; hydrophilic

c)

hydrophilic; polar

d)

hydrophobic; nonpolar

56.

For the cell characteristic described, which cell type(s) does it apply to? Contains cytoplasm.

a)

Prokaryotes only

b)

Eukaryotes only

c)

Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

57.

For the cell characteristic described, which cell type(s) does it apply to? Do not have membrane-bound organelles.

a)

Prokaryotes only

b)

Eukaryotes only

c)

Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

58.

For the cell characteristic described, which cell type(s) does it apply to? Cells do not have a nucleus.

a)

Prokaryotes only

b)

Eukaryotes only

c)

Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

59.

For the cell characteristic described, which cell type(s) does it apply to? Can be unicellular or multicellular.

a)

Prokaryotes only

b)

Eukaryotes only

c)

Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

60.

For the cell characteristic described, which cell type(s) does it apply to? Have ribosomes.

a)

Prokaryotes only

b)

Eukaryotes only

c)

Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

61.

For the cell characteristic described, which cell type(s) does it apply to? Have cell membranes.

a)

Prokaryotes only

b)

Eukaryotes only

c)

Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

62.

For the cell characteristic described, which cell type(s) does it apply to? Have genetic material (DNA/RNA).

a)

Prokaryotes only

b)

Eukaryotes only

c)

Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

63.

For the cell characteristic described, which cell type(s) does it apply to? Plants and animals.

a)

Prokaryotes only

b)

Eukaryotes only

c)

Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

64.

A carbohydrate is a macromolecule that is used to...

a)

give cells/systems energy.

b)

build cell parts.

c)

give cells/systems long term energy storage.

d)

help cells with chemical processes.

65.

A carbohydrate is a macromolecule that is used to...

a)

give cells/systems energy.

b)

build cell parts.

c)

give cells/systems long term energy storage.

d)

help cells with chemical processes.

66.

A carbohydrate is a macromolecule that is used to...

a)

give cells/systems energy.

b)

build cell parts.

c)

give cells/systems long term energy storage.

d)

help cells with chemical processes.

67.

A carbohydrate is a macromolecule that is used to...

a)

give cells/systems energy.

b)

build cell parts.

c)

give cells/systems long term energy storage.

d)

help cells with chemical processes.

68.

When reading the nutrition facts on food packaging total fats is a measure of...

a)

Carbohydrate

b)

Lipids

c)

Water

d)

Protein

69.

When reading the ingredients on a nutrition facts label carbohydrates are written as a type of

a)

food additive

b)

enzyme

c)

sugar

d)

protein

70.
Proteins are made of monomers called ___________
a)
Nucleotides
b)
Monosaccharides
c)
Amino Acids
d)
Glycerol and fatty acids
71.
The element _______is found in all of the organic compounds.
a)
Iron
b)
Nitrogen
c)
Carbon
d)
Oxygen
72.
DNA and RNA are examples of 
a)
Carbohydrates
b)
Lipids
c)
Proteins
d)
Nucleic Acids
73.
Monosaccharides are monomers of
a)
Carbohydrates
b)
Lipids
c)
Proteins
d)
Nucleic Acids
74.
Waxes, oils and fats are examples of
a)
Carbohydrates
b)
Lipids
c)
Proteins
d)
Nucleic Acids
75.
Glycerol and fatty acids are the monomers of
a)
Carbohydrates
b)
Lipids
c)
Proteins
d)
Nucleic Acids
76.
The organic compounds that have many structural purposes and are used in many processes within the
cell are called ____________________.
a)
Carbohydrates
b)
Lipids
c)
Proteins
d)
Nucleic Acids
77.
What is the function of nucleic acids?
a)
store genetic information
b)
store energy (long-term)
c)
store energy (short-term)
d)
build skin, hair, nails, muscles
78.
This is one job proteins do NOT have in the body
a)
insulation
b)
structure for tissues and organs
c)
speed up chemical reactions
d)
transport things through cell membrane
79.
What are the four macromolecules?
a)
proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids
b)
monosaccharides, lipids, polysaccaharides, and proteins
c)
RNA, DNA, proteins, and carbohydrates
d)
proteins, DNA, RNA, and steroids
80.
What are the single sugars that are the building blocks of carbohydrates?
a)
monosaccharides
b)
disaccharides
c)
polysaccharides
d)
amino acid
81.
Which of the following contains the genetic code for protein synthesis?
a)
carbohydrate
b)
lipid
c)
protein
d)
nucleic acid
82.
What is the primary function of carbohydrates in your body?
a)
Speed up chemical reactions.
b)
Give immediate energy.
c)
Help to store energy.
d)
Build cell walls in plants.
83.

Molecules that stick to the same type of molecules.

a)

cohesion

b)

adhesion

c)

hydrophilic

d)

hydrophobic

84.

Which of the following makes up a molecule of water?

a)

one atom of oxygen, two atoms of hydrogen

b)

one atom of hydrogen, two atoms of oxygen

c)

one atom of chlorine, one atom of sodium

d)

one atom of hydrogen, one atom of oxygen

85.

When salt is dissolved in water, water is the

a)

solvent

b)

solute

c)

solution

d)

reactant

86.

A solution is a(an)...

a)

chemical reaction

b)

breaking of a chemical bond

c)

combination of two or more liquids

d)

evenly distributed mixture of two or more substances

87.

Capillary action is....

a)

adhesion

b)

cohesion

c)

change in matter (heat of fusion)

d)

both adhesion and cohesion

88.

Oil and water don't mix because oil is

a)

hydrophilic

b)

hydrophobic

c)

an emulsifier

d)

a buffer

89.
What word describes when water is attracted to other substances?
a)
cohesion
b)
adhesion
c)
capillary action
d)
surface tension
90.
Water is a universal solvent because it...
a)
It can be found anywhere
b)
It freezes when it gets cold
c)
floats when frozen
d)
Dissolves most substances
91.
Large bodies of water, such as lakes and oceans, do not quickly fluctuate in temperature. What is the reason for this phenomenon?
a)
Water is an acid.
b)
Water is a versatile solvent.
c)
Water has a high heat capacity.
d)
 Water acts as a buffer.
92.
What are the raw materials of photosynthesis?
a)
oxygen and carbon dioxide
b)
oxygen and glucose
c)
carbon dioxide and water
d)
water and glucose
93.
What are the products of photosynthesis?
a)
oxygen and carbon dioxide
b)
oxygen and glucose
c)
carbon dioxide and water
d)
water and glucose
94.
What is the chemical formula for glucose?
a)
C6H12O6
b)
C6H6O12
c)
C12H6O12
d)
C6O2H6
95.
What is the chemical formula for water?
a)
H2O
b)
HO2
c)
CHO2
d)
CO2H
96.
What is the chemical formula for carbon dioxide?
a)
H2O
b)
CO2
c)
CHO2
d)
CO2H
97.
What is the chemical formula for oxygen?
a)
H12O2
b)
C6O2
c)
O3
d)
O2
98.

Why are plants usually green?

a)

Because the chlorophyll reflects green light

b)

Because the chlorophyll absorbs green light

c)

Because the accessory pigments combine to make green

d)

Because the accessory pigments only absorb green light

99.
Which choice correctly shows the gases that enter and exit plants during photosynthesis?
a)
Enter: Oxygen
Exit: Carbon dioxide
b)
Enter: Water vapor
Exit: Glucose
c)
Enter: Carbon dioxide
Exit: Oxygen
d)
Enter: Light
Exit: Water vapor
100.
After photosynthesis, plants store their energy as _________ .
a)
chlorophyll
b)
pigment
c)
glucose (sugar)
d)
Oxygen
101.
Which of the following is the correct equation for PHOTOSYNTHESIS?
a)
CO2 + light + H2O --> O2 + Sugar
b)
CO2 + sugar + H2O --> O2 + light
c)
O2 + light + H2O --> CO2 + Sugar
d)
CO2 + O2 + H2O --> Light+ Sugar
102.
Which of the following go through the process of photosynthesis?
a)
bees
b)
algae
c)
humans
d)
mushrooms
103.
The purpose of cellular respiration is to produce ?
a)
energy
b)
oxygen
c)
sugar
d)
protein
104.
What main food group do we get most of our energy from?
a)
proteins
b)
carbs
c)
meats
d)
nucleic acids
105.
What is the sugar that carbs are broken down to?
a)
sucrose
b)
maltose
c)
glucose
d)
lactose
106.
What is the energy molecule?
a)
DNA
b)
ATP
c)
RNA
d)
AAA
107.
What is the energy organelle?
a)
nucleus
b)
mitochondria
c)
ribosomes
d)
lysosomes
108.
The splitting of the glucose molecule is called?
a)
synthesis
b)
denaturalization
c)
glycolysis
d)
dissolving
109.
To get the most ATP molecules for energy in cellular respiration, you have to have lots of ?
a)
hydrogen
b)
oxygen
c)
carbon dioxide
d)
water
110.
The waste gas given off by cellular respiration is?
a)
oxygen
b)
carbon dioxide
c)
nitrogen
d)
methane
111.
Where does glycolysis take place?
a)
Cytoplasm
b)
Stroma
c)
Thylakoid
d)
Mitochondria
112.
What is the name of the 1st step of cellular respiration?
a)
Glycolysis
b)
Kreb's Cycle
c)
ETC
d)
Anaerobic respiration
113.
This process releases chemical energy from sugars and other carbon-based molecules to make ATP when oxygen is present.
a)
photosynthesis
b)
light-independent reaction
c)
cellular respiration
d)
light-dependent reaction
114.
What is the correct equation for cellular respiration?
a)
6O2 + C6H12O6 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
b)
6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy -> 6CO2 + 6H2O
c)
6CO2 + 6H2O -> 6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy
d)
6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy -> 6O2 + C6H12O6
115.
What is cellular respiration?
a)
the breakdown of glucose  to release ATP
b)
the breakdown of glucose to release NADH
c)
the breakdown of glucose to release FADH
d)
the breakdown of glucose to release carbon
116.

Which category of macromolecules do enzymes belong to?

a)

Carbohydrates

b)

Proteins

c)

Fats/Lipids

117.

Enzymes are specific. This means that an enzyme only works with molecules that are....

a)

the right size and shape

b)

broken down already

c)

present in water

d)

too big for the body to handle

118.

In the diagram, what is letter A?

a)

product

b)

enzyme-substrate complex

c)

substrate

d)

active site

119.

Letter D...

a)

enzyme

b)

active site

c)

substrate

d)

products

120.

Letter B...

a)

substrate

b)

active site

c)

enzyme

d)

products

121.

Letter C...

a)

products

b)

substrate

c)

enzymes

d)

active site

122.

An enzyme speeds up a reaction by

a)

raising the activation energy

b)

lowering the activation energy

c)

releasing energy

d)

absorbing energy.

123.

What happens to an enzyme when it is denatured?

a)

Activation energy is lowered

b)

It becomes stronger

c)

It loses its shape

d)

Activation energy is raised

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