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WorksheetsGeneral Biology Final Exam Review
Total questions: 70
Worksheet time: 2hrs 19mins
The scientific study of life is called?
Astronomy
Biology
Chemistry
Physics
Why do scientists graph their collected data?
to determine relationships between variables
to visualize trends in the data
to better organize the data
all of these reasons
A scientist noticed that the number of salamanders found in the lakes of the Rocky Mountains was declining. This is
an example of a(n) …
A) hypothesis
hypothesis
theory
observation
control
All matter, whether living or nonliving, is made up of tiny building blocks, called:
compounds
mixtures
atoms
elements
Which of the following correctly identifies the subatomic particle with its electrical charge?
protons (positive), electrons (no charge), neutrons (negative)
protons (positive), electrons (negative), neutrons (no charge)
protons (negative), electrons (positive), neutrons (no charge)
protons (no charge), electrons (negative), neutrons (positive)
What are the six most important elements whose chemical combinations make up 98% of the molecules found in
living organisms?
carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur
carbon, hydrogen, neon, oxygen, plutonium, and sodium
carbon, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, helium, and hydrogen
carbon, calcium, copper, chromium, chlorine, and cadmium
Name the Reactants ( starting molecules ) in the chemical reaction provided:
carbon dioxide and oxygen
carbon dioxide and water
glucose and oxygen
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Acidic solutions have a pH that is in what range of the scale?
less than 7
between 7 and 14
between 0 and 14
more than 7
In the picture provided below, water molecules have a slightly negative (-) charged region located with the oxygen
and it has a slightly positive (+) charged region located with the hydrogen. Because water has this “uneven”
distribution of charges, water is considered a(an):
ionic bond
nonpolar covalent bond
hydrogen bond
polar covalent bond
What is the purpose of the Nucleic Acid biomolecules?
provide quick energy for a cell
create a waterproofing barrier between the internal and external environment
carry genetic information
perform signaling, motor, transport, and enzymatic processes throughout the cell
What is the purpose of the Carbohydrate biomolecules?
provide quick energy for a cell
create a waterproofing barrier between the internal and external environment
carry genetic information
perform signaling, motor, transport, and enzymatic processes throughout the cell
What is the purpose of the Lipid biomolecules?
provide quick energy for a cell
create a waterproofing barrier between the internal and external environment
carry genetic information
perform signaling, motor, transport, and enzymatic processes throughout the cell
What term used to identify a Nucleic Acid monomer?
Disaccharide
Fatty Acid Chain
Nucleotide
Polypeptide
student wrote the following description of a cell after looking at it under the microscope: “The cell has a cell wall
and many organelles, including mitochondria, a nucleus, a vacuole, and several chloroplast.” Which type of cell was the
student most likely describing?
a plant cell
an animal cell
a fungal cell
a bacterial cell
Which cell organelle will protect the genetic material of the cell?
Golgi Apparatus
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Ribosome
The movement of water from an area of a higher concentration of water to an area of a lesser concentration of water through a selectively permeable membrane is termed:
Diffusion
Osmosis
Active Transport
Exocytosis
Plant cells have a specific organelle that is able to convert the energy in sunlight into chemical energy … What is the
name of this specific organelle?
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Golgi Apparatus
Chloroplast
Which of the following is the correct chemical equation for Photosynthesis?
6CO2 + C2H12O6 + Light Energy → 6H2O + 6O2
6 CO2 + 6H2O + Light Energy → 6O2 + C6H12O6
C6H12O6 + Light Energy → 6O2 + 6CO2 + 6H2O
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 + Light Energy
What is the main purpose of Photosynthesis in plant cells?
to change oxygen into carbon dioxide
to convert sunlight energy into useable chemical energy
to break down glucose into useable chemical elements
to allow the passage of water from root to leaves
Animal cells have a specific organelle that is able to convert food into chemical energy … What is the name of this
specific organelle?
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Golgi Apparatus
Chloroplast
Which of the following is the correct chemical equation for Cellular Respiration?
C2H12O6 + 6CO2 + ATP Energy → 6H2O + 6O2
6 CO2 + 6H2O + Light Energy → 6O2 + C6H12O6
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP Energy
6CO2 + 6O2 → C6H12O6 + 6 H2O + Light Energy
What process breaks down Glucose into either alcohol or lactic acid when there is no oxygen present in the
atmosphere?
Aerobic Respiration
Oxidation of Pyruvate
Fermentation
Citric Acid Cycle
What happens during Interphase
Two daughter cells are formed
DNA condenses into visible chromosomes
The cell grows in size, copies the genetic material, and doubles the cellular content
Sister chromatids separate into individual chromatids
Which of these shows the correct order of Mitosis?
Telophase Anaphase Metaphase Prophase
Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
Metaphase Prophase Telophase Anaphase
Anaphase Metaphase Prophase Telophase
What is the purpose of Cytokinesis?
To check that the DNA replication process has completed correctly
To double the amount of cytoplasm during G1 and G2
To divide the cytoplasm equally between the two daughter cells
To attach the spindle fiber from the centriole to the chromosomes
What is the purpose of Meiosis?
To prepare the cell for division
To produce gametes (egg and sperm) for sexual reproduction
The development, growth, and replacement of cells
All of these
Meiosis starts with 1 cell and ends with what number of cells?
1
2
3
4
The production of genetically unique offspring from two parents and involves the joining of gametes is...
Mitosis
Meiosis
Sexual Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction
In Humans, there are 23 sets of chromosomes, with the 23rd set determining biological sex. Which of the
following is correct regarding the chromosomal arrangement for biological sex in Humans?
Females are XX and Males are XY
Males are XX and Females are XY
Females are X and Males are Y
Males are X and Females are Y
The process shown in the picture below results in increased
genetic diversity … What is this process called?
DNA Synthesis
Chromosome Abnormality
Crossing Over
Chromatid Separation
Who is referred to as “The Father of Modern Genetics”?
Robert Hooke
Hans Krebs
Gregor Mendel
Francis Crick
The allele that masks and hides the presence of the other is known as the …
Dominant allele
Recessive allele
Homozygous allele arrangement
Heterozygous allele arrangement
What is a Homozygous Recessive allele arrangement?
when both alleles of the pair are the dominant allele - for example AA
when both alleles of the pair are the recessive allele – for example aa
when one is the dominant allele and the other is the recessive allele – for example Aa
there is no such thing as a Homozygous recessive allele arrangement
Round shaped seeds ( R ) is dominant to wrinkled seeds ( r ) in pea plants. Which of the following represents
the genotype for a pea plant that is Heterozygous for the roundness trait?
R
RR
Rr
rr
Refer to the illustration provided below … The device shown is used to determine the probable outcome of
genetic crosses and is called …
Mendelian Box
Punnett Square
Genetic Graph
Phenotypic Paradox
In pea plants, the allele for round seeds ( G ) is Dominant over the allele for wrinkled seeds ( g ). The Punnett
square below shows a cross between two heterozygous pea plants. What is the probability that their offspring
will be Homozygous Dominant?
25%
50%
75%
100%
In humans, Freckles are determined by the dominant
allele ( F ) while those individuals without freckles are
determined by the recessive allele ( f ). The probability
of this traits inheritance in the offspring can be
determined by crossing the alleles of the parents.
Refer to the information provided above … Which box represents a child who does NOT have freckles?
Box 1
Box 2
Box 3
Box 4
In humans, Freckles are determined by the dominant
allele ( F ) while those individuals without freckles are
determined by the recessive allele ( f ). The probability
of this traits inheritance in the offspring can be
determined by crossing the alleles of the parents.
Refer to the information provided above … The parental cross has what resulting Genotype Ratio of
Homozygous Dominant, Heterozygous, and Homozygous Recessive offspring?
1 : 2 : 1
0 : 4 : 0
0 : 2 : 2
3 : 1 : 0
What is an Incomplete Dominance Inheritance Pattern?
an inheritance pattern where the trait is located on one of the 22 Autosomal Chromosomes
an inheritance pattern where the trait is located on the Sex Chromosomes
an inheritance pattern where the Heterozygous phenotype appears as spots and stripes
an inheritance pattern where the Heterozygous phenotype appears as a blended color of the 2 alleles
Appaloosa horses have grey and white spotted coats and are the result of a heterozygous allele arrangement.
The Homozygous dominant allele arrangement produces a completely grey coated horse and the Homozygous
recessive alleles produce a completely white coat coloration. This coat coloration demonstrates which type of
inheritance pattern?
Incomplete Dominance
Sex-Linked Inheritance
Codominance
Multiple Alleles
The DNA double helix molecule is composed of repeating monomers called?
Amino Acids
Fatty Acids
Monosaccharides
Nucleotides
Which of the following correctly list the three parts that make up a monomer of DNA?
Dextrose Starch, Polymerase, and a Nitrate-Base
Deoxyribose Sugar, Phosphate Group, and a Nitrogen-Base
Dextrose Starch, Phosphate Group, and a Nitrogen-Base
Deoxyribose Sugar, Polymerase, and a Nitrate-Base
A section of DNA contains the sequence A T T G A T. What is the complementary DNA sequence?
T U U C T U
A T T G A T
T A A C T A
U A A C U A
DNA replication results in two new DNA molecules …
each with strands made up of alternating new and old sections
one with two new strands and the other with two original strands
each with one new strand and one original strand
none of these
Which enzyme breaks the hydrogen bonds and unwinding the double helix during DNA Replication?
DNA Helicase
DNA Polymerase
DNA Ligase
RNA Polymerase
Which enzyme adds RNA nucleotides to the newly synthesized mRNA strand during Transcription?
DNA Helicase
DNA Polymerase
DNA Ligase
RNA Polymerase
A section of DNA contains the sequence G A T C A G T C. What is the transcribed mRNA sequence?
C T A G T C A G
G A T C A G T C
A C G T A C G T
C U A G U C A G
Translation takes place in which cell organelle that is made-up of rRNA and proteins?
the nucleus
the cytoplasm
the ribosome
the endoplasmic reticulum
The scientific term used to describe a change in the DNA sequence is …
Error
Mutation
Alteration
Mistake
Using the Genetic Code Table below : What is the Translated amino acid sequence for the given mRNA?
Met Tyr Arg Gly
Val Asp Pro His
Met Lys Cys Phe
Pro Glu Leu Val
Natural Selection is the process by which individuals well suited to their environment …
reproduce and survive better than those individuals less suited to their environment
are always stronger than those individuals less suited to their environment
survive longer than those individuals less suited to their environment
reproduce at a greater rate than those individuals less suited to their environment
Since natural resources, like food, water, and shelter are limited all organisms …
must migrate to new habitats
face a constant struggle to survive
must use vestigial structures
die of starvation
In the peacock … how do the showy exaggerated tail feathers in males become established in the species over
time?
males with showy tails mate more often and pass on the alleles for this trait to their offspring
males with a showy tails are more likely to survive
showy tails are the dominant alleles, so they become established in the gene pool
alleles for showy tails are not lost through genetic drift
Which student has BEST understanding of Fitness as defined in Biology?
Student A
Student B
Student C
None of the Students are correct
The wings of butterflies, birds, and bats all perform the same function – flight – but are the result of different
ancestry, making this comparison an example of …
vestigial structures
analogous structures
homologous structures
fossils
The bone structure in the front leg of humans, cats, bats, and whales are an example of …
vestigial structures
analogous structures
homologous structures
fossils
Over many generations in a population of pond frogs, the allele for green skin color has increased in
frequency due to the grassy green environment. What will happen to this population of frogs if all the grass dies
and bare soil predominates the environmental landscape?
there will be no change to the genotype frequencies
the allele for green skin color will increase in frequency
the allele for brown skin will increase in frequency
the frogs will turn their skin brown
What is the biological definition of Evolution?
adaptation of individuals
change in genotype frequency
surviving and reproducing best
to change and become better
The separation of populations due to isolating barriers is called …
evolution
natural Selection
speciation
adaptation
Which is an example of Artificial Selection?
insects that look like sticks
antlers on male deer
the breeding of dairy cows to produce more milk
the formation of new squirrel species on different mountain ranges
Which is an example of an Abiotic factor?
number of different species
birth rate
sunlight
predation
Which is an example of a decomposer?
bear eating a fish
bee eating nectar from a flower
mushroom breaking down a fallen log
grass using energy from the sun
Refer to the illustration above: The diagram shows the feeding relationships and flow of energy through an
ecosystem called …
habitat
food chain
food net
food web
Refer to the illustration above: The leopard seal is an example of a…
producer
omnivore
carnivore
herbivore
A flea feeds on the blood from a dog and is provided a sheltering environment. There is no benefit to the dog
and the itching and bites may lead to infection. Which type of symbiosis is shown in this example?
parasitism
commensalism
predation
mutualism
Barnacles are immobile crustaceans that attach themselves to whales. The barnacles receive nutrients
whenever the whale eats a meal, while the whale receives no benefit or harm from the barnacles. Which type of
symbiosis is shown in this example?
parasitism
commensalism
predation
mutualism
Refer to the illustration above: How much energy passes from one trophic level to the next tropic level?
10%
25%
75%
90%
The picture provided shows an African Elephant herd gathering at a watering hole. Which type of population
distribution pattern is observed in this picture?
Random
Uniform
Clumped
Density
Which of the following best describes the influence the environmental carrying capacity has on the size of a
population?
the carrying capacity limits the size of the population
the carrying capacity allows the population size to increase exponentially
the carrying capacity causes a population to become extinct
the carrying capacity increases the size of the population
Which survivorship curve represents a slow life history that is common among large mammals and shows a
longer lifespan with fewer surviving offspring?
Type I
Type II
Type III
None of these represent a Large Mammal survivorship curve
