_________________ are end caps on chromosomes that protect DNA but do not contain genes.

Sister chromatids are slightly different from each other.

Mitosis produces two genetically identical daughter cells.

Meiosis produces two genetically identical daughter cells.

During _________________, the nuclear membrane breaks down.

____________________ is where spindle fibers attach to chromosomes.

Which is the correct order of the phases of mitosis?

Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm after prophase occurs.

An example of a gamete is a ____________.

Humans have 22 autosomes which control their gender.

A gamete is a diploid cell.

Meiosis __________________.

The zygote is _____________________.

Meiosis creates genetic diversity through crossing over.

Homologous chromosomes separate during Meiosis 2.

Sister chromatids separate during Meiosis 2.

Spermatogenesis creates how many sperm cells?

Oogenesis creates how many viable (working) egg cells?

Somatic cells are body cells.

Adenine and Guanine are both Pyramidines.

Chargraff's base pairing rules state that because a pyramidine (___________ ring) pairs with a purine (_____________ ring), the helix has uniform width. Fill in the blanks.

The nitrogen bases inside DNA are bonded together by ________________ bonds.

The nucleotide Thymine pairs with _____________.

The nucleotide Cytosine pairs with _____________.

The sugar-phosphate backbone inside DNA is bonded together by ______________.

The central dogma of biology is the flow of genetic information from RNA to DNA to protein.

What is the name of the enzyme used during DNA replication?

Which of the following is not found in a nucleotide of RNA?

Which of the following is in charge of bringing amino acids to ribosomes to make proteins?

Which of the following carries all of a living thing's genetic information?

RNA is made up of a single strand while DNA is made up of 3 strands.

Which of the following is the correct complementary strand of DNA to the following template sequence?

ATAGCG

Which of the following is the correct mRNA strand to the following template sequence?

GGATCA

Which of the following is the SECOND step in RNA Transcription? Hint: All of the answer choices are correct steps but just listed out of order.

Where does the process of translation occur?

Codons consist of ______ nucleotide(s).

Long chains of nucleic acids bonded together are called proteins.

Which of these is NOT a stop codon?

The START codon in mRNA codes for threonine.

In proteins, the amino acids are bonded together by ______________ bonds.

Ribosomes are made up of ___________ subunits.

Gregor Mendel is the father of genetics. He used pea plants during his research.

Traits are determined by chromosomes carried on genes.

____________ are different forms of genes.

Which one of these is NOT one of Mendel's laws? Mark all that apply.

A _____________ allele is sometimes expressed and represented by a lowercase letter.

The Law of ____________ states that genes that segregate independently do not influence each other's inheritance.

Which of the following of Mendel's laws accounts for the many genetic variations observed in many sexually reproducing organisms?

A _______________ is a specific position on a pair of homologous chromosomes.

The phenotype is the physical representation of a genetic trait.

When a dominant and recessive allele are combined, they are called _____________________. Mark all that may apply.

Testcrosses are a cross between an organism with an unknown genotype and an organism with the recessive phenotype.

A ______________ is the physical appearance of a trait.

In the mythical land of Camelot, there are owlbears! Owlbears can either be gray (dominant, G) or white (recessive, g). These owlbears can also have hooked beaks (dominant, H) or be straight beaked (recessive, h). A group of bandits wants to have some as pets for their hideout. They mate two COMPLETELY heterozygous gray and hook-beaked owlbears. What are the chances they get an owlbear with white fur and hooked beaks.

A monohybrid cross involves ______________ trait(s).

In the mythical land of Camelot, there are owlbears! Owlbears can either be gray (dominant, G) or white (recessive, g). These owlbears can also have hooked beaks (dominant, H) or be straight beaked (recessive, h). A group of bandits wants to have some as pets for their hideout. They mate two COMPLETELY heterozygous gray and hook-beaked owlbears. What are the chances they get an owlbear that has the same phenotype traits of the parents?

Incomplete dominance is when the heterozygous phenotype is a mixture (both traits show) of the two homozygous phenotypes.

In beholders, red eyes (R) and blue eyes (B) exhibit (show) incomplete dominance. If a red-eyed beholder and a blue-eyed beholder had babies, what color would the babies' eyes be?

In beholders, red eyes (R) and blue eyes (B) exhibit (show) incomplete dominance. If two purple-eyed beholders had babies, what would the chances babies would have purple eyes like their parents?

In human blood, the four blood types (phenotypes) are A, B, AB, and o. The alleles A and B are dominant to o. The phenotype AB exhibits codominance. If a mother with genotype Ao and a father with genotype Bo are told that their baby has AB type blood, should they be concerned the hospital had a baby mixup? Does this AB-type baby belong to them?

In human blood, the four blood types (phenotypes) are A, B, AB, and o. The alleles A and B are dominant to o. The phenotype AB exhibits codominance. If a dad with genotype AB and mom with genotype Bo had a baby, what percent chance would the baby have Ao blood?

The inheritance of acquired characteristics was one mechanism of evolution supported by Darwin.

Darwin observed that the finches on the Galapagos Islands were the same on each island.

Species that have evolved from a common ancestor should have certain characteristics in common.

Who thought that evolution occurred by organisms passing on traits they acquired during their lives?

If people choose certain animals to breed because of some desirable traits, this is called _________________.

The statement "improving the intelligence of an adult through education will result in that adult's descendants being born with greater intelligence" is an example of:

You hear a student say, "The giraffe stretched its neck to reach for the higher leaves; its offspring would inherit a longer neck as a result." You would correct them by saying:

Evolution is _______________________.

Individuals evolve of time, NOT populations.

A bear may produce more cubs than can survive due to struggle for survival. This statement exemplifies Darwin's principle of __________________.

In a litter of puppies, half of the puppies are white with brown patches while the other half are completely white. This statement exemplifies Darwin's principle of ______________.

A certain bird species has developed over thousands of years long skinny beaks to capture insects from trees. These descendants have drastically different shaped beaks than their ancestors. This statement exemplifies Darwin's principle of _______________.

Lizard's are able to grow back their tail if a predator tears it off. This statement exemplifies Darwin's principle of _______________.

A species of large cat undergoes natural selection. Individuals in this species with long claws are able to dig into rodent nests while individuals with short claws are able to run fast and catch deer. Individuals with medium length claws are able to perform both tasks EXTREMELY well. Individuals with medium length claws become the majority of the population after 1000 years. What kind of natural selection is this?

Larger wolves can take down more prey than smaller wolves. They outcompete smaller wolves when prey is limited during the harsh winter months leading to decreased number of small wolf population. What kind of natural selection is this?

The rocks at the bottom of a stream are either black or white. Snails that live on these rocks are a range of color from solid black to solid white. A local freshwater fish loves to munch on these snails, but it cannot see the solid black or solid white snails when the snails are matching rocks. Grey snails do not blend into either rock color and are much easier to see. What kind of natural selection is this?

Bacteria are ___________________.

A plasmid is the ____________________ of a bacteria.

Eubacteria have cell walls which contain peptidoglycan.

Bacteria are able to move around with the help of their _______________________.

Extremophiles live in __________________ environments.

Endospores are ___________________.

Hairlike extensions which help bacteria attach to a surface are called _____________.

Protists are prokaryotic because they have a true nucleus.

Protists can mainly be found in ___________.

Animal-like protists are _______________ and _____________. (mark all that apply)

Pseudopods move around by _____________.

Phytoplankton are classified by _______________.

A "bloom" is when a population of algae ______________.

All animals are _________________. Mark all that apply.

When an animal exhibits (shows) radial symmetry, its body __________________.

The _______________ is the outer tissue layer in an animal.

The word part -derm means _______________.

What is the fluid-filled body cavity formed between the body wall and digestive tract?

Pseudocoelomates have ________________.

Based upon embryonic development patterns, animals can be classified into three groups.

During embryonic development, protostomes form their anus first and mouth second.

Earthworms show ______________ symmetry.

Earthworms are ____________________.

The correct order of the earthworm digestive system is:

Earthworms have _____________________ which functions as the heart.

Gas exchange occurs along the earthworm's skin.

The ring on an earthworm towards the anterior end is known as the _____________.

What is the underside, or belly, of an animal known as?

If you cut open an earthworm's intestine you would find _____________.

What were the cream-colored organs "moved out of the way" during the dissection in order to see the aortic arches?

What type of symmetry do mollusks have?

What is the name of the tissue layer that often secretes a shell in mollusks?

In mollusks, what body part contains the excretory and digestive organs?

In mollusks, where is the foot usually located?

All mollusks have a shell.

Bivalves, like scallops, have a radula.

Which of the following mollusk classes HAS a closed circulatory system?

In an open circulatory system, the blood leaves the vessels and washes over tissues in areas called ______________.

Clams belong to which class within mollusks?

Bivalves are filter feeders.

What kind of body symmetry do arthropods display?

Arthropods are ____________.

The root word "arthro" means ____________.

___________________ are a hard external covering for support and protection.

The outer shell of arthropods are generally made of __________.

What is the correct order of an arthropod's body from anterior to posterior?

A cephalothorax is the fusion of an arthropod's thorax and abdomen.

Arthropods do not have compound eyes.

Open circulatory systems have blood that flows out into _______________.

What body part on a crayfish can be used to help determine gender?

Crayfish possess a cephalothorax.

Crayfish use their _____________ to help catch food as well as for defense.