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Bone Basics Full Unit Review

Total questions: 128

Worksheet time: 1hrs 6mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

How many bones do human adults have?

a)

206

b)

306

c)

156

d)

106

2.

Skeletal division that includes the head, neck, and trunk.

a)

axial skeleton

b)

appendicular skeleton

c)

endoskeleton

d)

central skeleton

3.

The femur is an example of a(n) ______ bone.

a)

long

b)

short

c)

flat

d)

irregular

4.

A vertebrae is an example of a(n) ______ bone.

a)

long

b)

short

c)

flat

d)

irregular

5.

Roughly cube shaped bones are called ______ bones.

a)

short

b)

long

c)

irregular

d)

flat

6.
What are the three jobs of your bones?
a)
movement, structure, joints
b)
movement, structure, protection
c)
structure, digestion and breathing
d)
movement, digestion and breathing
7.

Roughly cube shaped bones are called ______ bones.

a)

short

b)

long

c)

irregular

d)

flat

8.

Drag the image of the bone to the correct bone category.

Categorize the following

Phalanges

Tarsals

Facial bones

Ulna

Carpals

Vertebrae

Sternum

Scapula

Clavicle

Frontal bone

Sacrum

Irregular Bone
Flat Bone
Short Bone
Long Bone
9.

What is the name of the skeletal group that includes the vertebral column, skull, and rib cage?

a)

Axial

b)

Appendicular

c)

Cartilaginous

d)

Ligamentous

10.

Which part of the skeleton includes the shoulder, pelvis, and limbs?

a)

Axial

b)

Appendicular

c)

Spinal Column

d)

Cranium bones

11.

Which of the following are part of the 7 functions of bone tissue? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY!)

a)

Hormone production

b)

Communication

c)

Blood cell production

d)

Support

e)

Protection

12.

What are functions of the skeletal system? Check all that apply.

a)

Movement

b)

Protection

c)

Sleep

d)

Support

13.
what type of bone is the femur
a)
Long bone
b)
Short bone
c)
Flat bone
d)
Irregular bone
14.

Which is NOT an example of a long bone?

a)

Patella

b)

Femur

c)

Humerus

d)

Tibia

15.
How many bones does an adult human have?
a)
300
b)
306
c)
206
d)
602
16.

Which of the following is NOT part of the appendicular skeleton?

a)

Femur

b)

Humerus

c)

Skull

d)

Pelvis

17.

The appendicular skeleton includes which of the following?

a)

Cranium

b)

Ribs

c)

Upper and lower limb bones

d)

Vertebral column

18.

Which of the following bones is part of the axial skeleton?

a)

Humerus

b)

Tibia

c)

Sternum

d)

Pelvis

19.

What type of bone is embedded within a tendon?

a)

Irregular

b)

Sesamoid

c)

Long

d)

Flat

20.

Which type of bone has a complex shape and does not fit into other categories?

a)

Irregular

b)

Long

c)

Flat

d)

Short

21.

What is another name for a simple fracture?

a)

compound

b)

open

c)

closed

22.

When the ends of a broken bone are realigned, it is called:

a)

immobilization

b)

fusion

c)

reduction

d)

painful

23.

A blood-filled swelling is called a

a)

sore

b)

callus

c)

hematoma

24.

This type of reduction coaxes the bone ends back into place using the physician's hands

a)

simple

b)

compound

c)

open

d)

closed

25.

This type of fracture does not break the skin

a)

simple

b)

compound

c)

open

d)

closed

26.

What is another name for a compound fracture?

a)

open

b)

closed

27.

This type of reduction requires pins, screws and/or wires

a)

open

b)

closed

c)

simple

d)

compound

28.

In this type of fracture the bone breaks the skin

a)

open

b)

closed

c)

compound

d)

simple

29.

During this step of bone repair a strong, permanent "patch" is made based on mechanical stresses on the bone

a)

hematoma forms

b)

bony callus forms

c)

fibrocartilage callus forms

d)

bone remodeling

30.

This is the last step of fracture repair

a)

hematoma forms

b)

bony callus forms

c)

fibrocartilage callus forms

d)

bone remodeling

31.

This bone repair event involves osteoblasts & osteoclasts

a)

bone remodeling

b)

hematoma forms

c)

bony callus forms

d)

fibrocartilage callus forms

32.

This is the first event of bone repair

a)

remodeling

b)

hematoma forms

c)

bony callus forms

d)

fibrocartilage callus forms

33.

On average, it takes this long for a fracture to heal

a)

4 weeks

b)

6-8 weeks

c)

3 months

d)

1 year

34.

This type of fracture occurs when broken bone ends are forced into each other

a)

Spiral

b)

Impacted

c)

Comminuted

d)

Greenstick

35.

What happens in a greenstick fracture?

a)

Bone breaks due to weak tendons

b)

Bone breaks completely

c)

Bone breaks from disease

d)

Bone breaks incompletely

36.

The diagram shows a fracture that has pierced through the skin. What type of fracture is this?

a)

Simple

b)

Compound

c)

Impacted

d)

Greenstick

37.

This fracture would be described as a fracture of the

a)

proximal end of the femur

b)

distal end of the femur

c)

proximal end of the humerus

d)

distal end of the humerus

38.

What is happening in this stage of bone healing?

a)

Bone is fractured

b)

Hard callus forms, osteoblast cells create new bone

c)

Remodeling, osteoclasts remove extra bone until its completely healed

d)

Soft callus forms, chondroblast and fibroblasts produce the fibrocartilaginous calus

39.

What is happening in this stage of bone healing?

a)

Bone is fractured

b)

Hard callus forms, osteoblast cells create new bone

c)

Remodeling, osteoclasts remove extra bone until its completely healed

d)

Soft callus forms, chondroblast and fibroblasts produce the fibrocartilaginous calus

40.

What is happening in this stage of bone healing?

a)

Bone is fractured

b)

Hard callus forms, osteoblast cells create new bone

c)

Remodeling, osteoclasts remove extra bone until its completely healed

d)

Soft callus forms, chondroblast and fibroblasts produce the fibrocartilaginous calus

41.

Any break in a bone

a)

fracture

b)

stress fracture

c)

callous

d)

bone remodeling

42.

A blood clot that forms within 6-8 hours after a bone breaks , due to broken blood vessels.

a)

fracture hematoma

b)

cartilage hematoma

c)

bony callous

d)

fracture

43.

What is happening in this stage of bone healing?

a)

Bone is fractured

b)

Hard callus forms, osteoblast cells create new bone

c)

Remodeling, osteoclasts remove extra bone until its completely healed

d)

Soft callus forms, chondroblast and fibroblasts produce the firbocartilaginous calus.

44.

The diagram shows a fracture that has pierced through the skin. What type of fracture is this?

a)

Simple

b)

Compound

c)

Impacted

d)

Greenstick

45.
Delivers nutrients and oxygen to the bone cells
a)
Yellow marrow
b)
Red marrow
c)
Blood vessel
d)
Medullary cavity
46.
Enters and exits bone through the nutrient foramen
a)
Nerve root
b)
Blood vessel
c)
Adipose tissue
d)
Red marrow
47.
Full of red marrow
a)
Compact bone
b)
Medullary cavity
c)
Nutrient foramen
d)
Spongy bone
48.
Full of stem cells
a)
Yellow marrow
b)
Red marrow
c)
Periosteum
d)
Compact bone
49.
Growth plates
a)
Epiphyseal plates
b)
Articular cartilage
c)
Periosteum
d)
Endochondral plates
50.
Has layers called lamella (type of bone)
a)
Spongy bone
b)
Compact bone
c)
Dense bone
d)
Layered bone
51.
Hollow space inside the diaphysis
a)
Spongy bone
b)
Nutrient foramen
c)
Articular cavity
d)
Medullary cavity
52.
How newly made blood cells leave the bone (not the hole)
a)
Blood vessel
b)
Red marrow
c)
Yellow marrow
d)
Epiphyseal foramen
53.
Layer that lines the medullary cavity
a)
Periosteum
b)
Endosteum
c)
Articular cartilage
d)
Spongy bone
54.
Layer that lines the outside of the bone
a)
Periosteum
b)
Endosteum
c)
Articular cartilage
d)
Compact bone
55.
Little hole in the bone that the blood vessel goes through
a)
Epiphyseal foramen
b)
Spongy epiphysis
c)
Nutrient foramen
d)
Matrix
56.
Made of cartilage, but ossify to bone each time you grow
a)
Articular cartilage
b)
Epiphyseal plate
c)
Periosteum
d)
Endosteum
57.
Makes up the diaphysis and outside of long bones
a)
Endosteum
b)
Spongy bone
c)
Cartilage
d)
Compact bone
58.
Medullary cavity is inside this part of the bone (not type of bone; not layer)
a)
Epiphysis
b)
Articular cartilage
c)
Diaphysis
d)
Periosteum
59.
Name literally means “around bone”
a)
Diaphysis
b)
Endosteum
c)
Hemopoiesis
d)
Periosteum
60.
Name literally means “inside bone”
a)
Diaphysis
b)
Endosteum
c)
Ectosteum
d)
Periosteum
61.
Name literally means “joint cartilage”
a)
Articular cartilage
b)
Osteal cartilage
c)
Fibrocartilage
d)
Hyaline cartilage
62.
Protects the ends of bones from wearing down
a)
Epiphyseal plates
b)
Periosteum
c)
Endosteum
d)
Articular cartilage
63.
Site of hemopoiesis
a)
Compact bone
b)
Yellow marrow
c)
Red marrow
d)
Endosteum
64.
Space full of yellow marrow
a)
Nutrient foramen
b)
Medullary cavity
c)
Periosteum
d)
Spongy bone
65.
The knobby end of your femur at the “hip end”
a)
Diaphysis
b)
Distal epiphysis
c)
Proximal epiphysis
66.
The knobby end of your humerus at the elbow end
a)
Diaphysis
b)
Distal epiphysis
c)
Proximal epiphysis
67.
The knobby end of your femur at the “knee end”
a)
Diaphysis
b)
Distal epiphysis
c)
Proximal epiphysis
68.
The knobby end of your humerus at the shoulder end
a)
Diaphysis
b)
Distal epiphysis
c)
Proximal epiphysis
69.
The long shaft in the middle of the bone
a)
Diaphysis
b)
Epiphysis
c)
Periosteum
d)
Endosteum
70.
Type of bone found inside the epiphyses
a)
Compact bone
b)
Lamellar bone
c)
Epiphyseal bone
d)
Spongy bone
71.
When this gets destroyed/used up, you get arthritis
a)
Epiphyseal cartilage
b)
Articular cartilage
c)
Periosteum
d)
Endosteum
72.
What type of cartilage is articular cartilage made of?
a)
Elastic cartilage
b)
Hyaline cartilage
c)
Fibrocartilage
d)
Dense cartilage
73.

What is the primary function of osteocytes in bone cells?

a)

To absorb bone tissue

b)

To calcify bone as it forms

c)

To maintain healthy bone structure

d)

To fill gaps between the lamellae

74.

What role do osteoblasts play in the bone cells?

a)

They monitor and maintain bone quality

b)

They absorb bone tissue where it is not needed

c)

They build and construct bones by calcifying bone as it forms

d)

They fill gaps between the lamellae

75.

Osteoclasts are critical for which aspect of bone health?

a)

Maintaining healthy bone structure

b)

Building and constructing bones

c)

Remodeling bone by absorbing bone tissue where it is not needed

d)

Housing in the lacunae

76.

What does the term "Osteogenic" refer to in the context of bone cells?

a)

Cells that destroy bone

b)

Cells that produce bone

c)

Cells that are found in the blood

d)

Cells that have no role in bone formation

77.

Osteogenic cells are known to:

a)

Perform photosynthesis

b)

Divide to form osteoclasts

c)

Divide to form osteoblasts

d)

Divide to form red blood cells

78.

Where are osteogenic cells located?

a)

In the heart and lungs

b)

In the periosteum and endosteum

c)

Only in the periosteum

d)

Only in the endosteum

79.

What unique characteristic do osteogenic cells have compared to other bone cells?

a)

They are the only type of bone cell that does not divide

b)

They are the only type of bone cell that does mitosis

c)

They are the only type of bone cell that can move

d)

They are the only type of bone cell that does not produce bone matrix

80.

What is the primary function of an osteoblast?

a)

To break down bone tissue

b)

To build new bone

c)

To transport nutrients within the bone

d)

To provide structural support to muscles

81.

What does the term 'osteoid' refer to in the context of bone formation?

a)

A type of bone cell

b)

A bone disease

c)

The matrix of the bone

d)

A signaling molecule for bone repair

82.

Where are osteoblasts located?

a)

In the bone marrow

b)

On the periosteum and epiphyseal plates

c)

Inside the central canal of osteons

d)

Throughout the entire bone structure

83.

What happens to osteoblasts when they get trapped in the matrix they secrete?

a)

They die and are reabsorbed

b)

They become osteoclasts

c)

They become osteocytes

d)

They remain dormant

84.

What components make up the osteoid secreted by osteoblasts?

a)

Calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D

b)

Calcium, collagen, and water

c)

Collagen, keratin, and elastin

d)

Hydroxyapatite, calcium, and phosphate

85.

What does the term 'Osteocyte' refer to?

a)

A) A type of muscle cell

b)

B) A mature bone cell

c)

C) A blood cell

d)

D) A nerve cell

86.

Where are osteocytes located?

a)

A) In the heart and liver

b)

B) In compact bone and spongy bone

c)

C) Only in compact bone

d)

D) Only in spongy bone

87.

What is the primary function of osteocytes?

a)

A) To provide nutrients to the brain

b)

B) To perform daily functions of the bone

c)

C) To aid in digestion

d)

D) To carry oxygen throughout the body

88.

What do the components of the word 'Osteocyte' literally mean?

a)

A) Osteo = muscle, Cyte = cell

b)

B) Osteo = bone, Cyte = cell

c)

C) Osteo = blood, Cyte = vessel

d)

D) Osteo = nerve, Cyte = tissue

89.

What is the primary function of an osteoclast?

a)

To produce new bone tissue

b)

To clean away bone

c)

To transport nutrients within the bone

d)

To connect bone to muscles

90.

Where are osteoclasts located?

a)

In the heart and lungs

b)

On the periosteum and endosteum

c)

Inside the brain and spinal cord

d)

Within the muscle fibers

91.

During which of the following conditions are osteoclasts particularly active?

a)

During sleep

b)

During muscle contraction

c)

During fracture repair and bone growth

d)

During digestion

92.

What does the term "Osteo" in Osteoclast refer to?

a)

Joint

b)

Muscle

c)

Bone

d)

Cartilage

93.

What does "Clast" in Osteoclast signify?

a)

Build

b)

Break

c)

Connect

d)

Cover

94.

What type of cell is responsible for bone resorption?

a)

Osteocyte

b)

Osteoblast

c)

Osteoclast

d)

Nerve cell

95.

What is the name of the bone cells that maintain bone tissue and are found within the lacunae?

a)

Osteoclast

b)

Nerve cell

c)

Osteoblast

d)

Osteocyte

96.

Builds the matrix ("osteoid") of the bone

a)

Osteogenic cells

b)

Osteocytes

c)

Osteoblasts

d)

Osteoclasts

97.

What is the relationship between osteoclasts and osteoblasts?

a)

Osteoblasts build bones, and osteoclasts clean up excess bones. They keep each other in balance.

b)

Osteoblasts blow up your skeleton. Osteoclasts put bones into casts. Death is inevitable.

c)

Osteoblasts rule the skeletal system with an iron fist. Osteoclast seek to usurp the power of the mighty calcium lords. There is a war. One day it will end.

d)

Everything changed when the osteoclasts attacked. Now it's up to the last osteoblast to save the day.

98.

Which bone cells work one removing old or extra bone?

a)

Osteocyte

b)

Osteoclast

c)

Osteogenic Cells

d)

Osteoblast

99.

Which bone cells works on repairing broken bones?

a)

Osteogenic Cells

b)

Osteocytes

c)

Osteoblasts

d)

Osteoclasts

100.
In long bones, bone tissue begins to replace hyaline cartilage in the center of the diaphysis or the...
a)
secondary ossification center
b)
primary ossification center
c)
medullary ossification center
d)
transverse ossification center
101.
The band of cartilage in the epiphysis where secondary ossification occurs.
a)
zone of ossification 
b)
ephiphyseal plate
c)
hyaline plate
d)
Z line
102.
During endochondral ossification
a)
hyaline cartilage turns into bone 
b)
fibrocartilage turns into bone
c)
elastic cartilage turns into bone
d)
bone differentiates into cartilage
103.

Where does the primary ossification center occur in long bones?

a)

periosteum

b)

the epiphysis

c)

medullary cavity

d)

the diaphysis

104.

Where does the secondary ossification center occur in long bones?

a)

periosteum

b)

the epiphysis

c)

medullary cavity

d)

the diaphysis

105.

Membrane surrounding a bone is called

a)

endosteum

b)

periosteum

c)

pericardiam

d)

perichondrium

106.

Why is the yellow membrane of the spongy bone yellow?

a)

Because it stores fat

b)

Osteocytes are yellow in general

c)

Calcium is yellow

d)

Because trabeculae has no blood vessels

107.
Bone forming cells are called...
a)
osteoblasts
b)
osteocytes
c)
osteoclasts
d)
osteons
108.
Multinucleated cells that break down the calcified matrix of bone.
a)
osteoblasts
b)
osteoclasts
c)
osteons
d)
osteocytes
109.
Most bones of the skeleton are formed by...
a)
endochondral ossification
b)
gender specific ossification
c)
intramembranous ossification
d)
hyaline ossification
110.
Bones that begin as masses of cartilage later replaced by bone tissue.
a)
intramembranous bones
b)
entraspecific bones
c)
ethmodial bones
d)

long bones

111.

Where can hyaline cartilage be found at the end of endochondral ossification in a bone? (select 2)

a)

medullary cavity

b)

epiphyseal plate

c)

diaphysis

d)

articular cartilage

112.

You know when someone has stopped growing when you look at their long bones and see this.

a)

epiphyseal line

b)

epiphyseal growth plate

c)

epiphyseal plate

d)

medullary cavity

113.

Reorder the following steps of endochondral ossification.

a)

hyaline cartilage model is formed

b)

perichondrium turns into the periosteum

c)

osteoblasts invade diaphysis to build bone tissue

d)

osteoblasts invade epiphyses to build bone tissue

e)

all cartilage is replaced by bone tissue except articular cartilage and epiphyseal plates

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
114.

In growing individuals, where would you find cartilage in the bone?

a)

epiphyseal plate

b)

bone marrow

c)

blood vessel

d)

compact bone

115.

In adults, where do you find cartilage in the bone?

a)

bone marrow

b)

at the ends of the bone

c)

compact bone

d)

spongy bone

116.

Where is the articular cartilage located?

a)

It is inside the medullary cavity.

b)

It is surrounding the shaft of the bone.

c)

It is surrounding the two ends of the bone(epiphyses).

d)

It is found both in the shaft and two ends of the bone.

117.

Where are the spongy bones located?

a)

in the shaft

b)

the collar bone

c)

in the two ends(epiphyses) of the bone

d)

in the medullary cavity of the bone

118.

A process when a cartilage gradually changes into bone tissue is called

a)

osseus

b)

ossification

c)

resorption

d)

bone modification

119.

In bone development, the secondary ossification takes place on the

a)

collar bone

b)

shaft of the bone

c)

epiphyses plates

d)

articular cartilage

120.

Bone form first as

a)

tendons

b)

ligaments

c)

hyaline cartilage

d)

articular cartilage

121.

As Bone Grows in diameter, in which direction are concentric lamella added

a)

From the Inside, pushing older rings further out

b)

From the Outside, adding another ring to the outside, on top of the last ring

c)

From the top, adding more rings on top of current concentric lamella

d)

From the Bottom, adding more rings at the bottom of current concentric lamella, pushing them up

e)

Inbetween Current Concentric Lamella

122.

As Bone Grows in length, in which direction does bone grow

a)

From the center of the diaphysis pushing the bone up

b)

From the tops of the Epiphysis, addling layers of bone at the top and bottom

c)

From the Epiphyseal Growth Plate, adding length

d)

From the Bottom very bottom of the diaphysis, elongating the bone up

e)

From the very top of the Diaphysis, adding layers to increase length upward

123.

The Bone-forming cells are called

a)

Osteoblasts

b)

Osteoclasts

c)

Osteocytes

d)

Chondrocytes

e)

Chondroblasts

124.

The cells that FORM New Bone are called

a)

Osteoblasts

b)

Osteoclasts

c)

Osteocytes

d)

Chondrocytes

e)

Chondroblasts

125.

The cells that absorb important nutrients from older or damaged bones to recycle the minerals needed for form new bone are called

a)

Osteoblasts

b)

Osteoclasts

c)

Osteocytes

d)

Chondrocytes

e)

Chondroblasts

126.

The cells that are considered to be Mature Bone Cells are called

a)

Osteoblasts

b)

Osteoclasts

c)

Osteocytes

d)

Chondrocytes

e)

Chondroblasts

127.

The cells that "Manage" or Maintain Bone Normal Functioning are called

a)

Osteoblasts

b)

Osteoclasts

c)

Osteocytes

d)

Chondrocytes

e)

Chondroblasts

128.

The cells that create cartilage are called

a)

Osteoblasts

b)

Osteoclasts

c)

Osteocytes

d)

Chondrocytes

e)

Chondroblasts

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