Subatomic particle found in the nucleus, has a mass of 1 amu and a neutral charge

Subatomic particle found outside the nucleus, has a mass of 0 amu and a negative charge

measures the size of an atom

measures the size of an ion

When an electron absorbs energy it enters into a

When an electron releases energy it enters into a

Type of nuclear reaction where two small atoms combine to make a larger atom. A large amount of energy is released

Type of nuclear reaction where a large atom is split (broken down) into smaller ones. A large amount of energy is released.

Type of reaction where an atom of one element is converted to an atom of another element

Two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio

What is formed when an electron releases energy as it goes from the excited state (higher energy level) to the ground state (lower energy level).

Stable, unreactive elements are called _______ and found in ________

Atoms that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

Electrons that determine an elements chemical properties and are found in the last electron shell

Lab process used to separate a solid (sand) from a liquid (water)

Center of an atom, has a overall positive charge, contains the protons and neutrons

Periodic table is ordered by

Name for the most probably location of an electron

Most elements on the periodic table are classified as this type of element

When the shape or phase of a substance changes

Name for the three particles, protons, neutrons, and electrons, found in an atom

force of attraction holding molecules together.

Used to date geological samples

Energy needed to remove the most loosely held electron from an atom.

Number of protons + number of neutrons

Solution formed when a substance is dissolved in water

Lab process used to separate a mixture of liquids only based on their boiling points

Reaction that happens right a way (automatically)

When electrons are in the lowest possible energy levels

Lab process used to separate a mixture of a solid (salt) that has been dissolved in a liquid (water)

Process where energy is released (written on the products side)

Process where energy is absorbed (written on reactants side)

Two or more substances physically combined with varied proportions

One type of atom that cannot be broken down chemically

Type of mixture where particles do not mix together evenly, looks like more than one layer

Type of mixture where particles mix together evenly, looks like one layer

Used to date once living organism

Used to detect thyroid cancer

Used in chemotherapy to treat cancer

Two conclusions of the Gold Foil Experiment

One element spontaneously changes into a different element

Scientists force an element to change into a different element, reaction is not spontaneous

Reason why an atom is electrically neutral

Reaction where electrons are lost, the oxidation number (charge) goes up

Reaction where electrons are gained, the oxidation number (charge) goes down

Compounds that have the same molecular formula but a different structural formula

Where oxidation always occurs

Where reduction always occurs

Allows ions to flow between the beakers

Allows electrons to flow from the anode to the cathode ALWAYS!

Energy needed to get a reaction started

Term for when a hydrocarbon only has single bonds between the carbons

Term for when a hydrocarbon does not only have single bonds between the carbons ( aka: has a multiple carbon-carbon bond, aka: has a double or triple bond between the carbons)

Substance that increases the rate of a reaction by providing an alternate pathway that lowers the activation energy

Type of bond made when electrons are transferred from a metal to a nonmetal

Type of bond formed between metal atoms ONLY

Type of bond formed when electrons are shared between two nonmetals

Compounds that only have hydrogen and carbon are called

Type of organic reaction that uses sugar (C₆H₁₂O₆) and yeast to make alcohol

Type of organic reaction where a hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen to form water and carbon dioxide. (Fire, Explosion)

Type of organic reaction where an organic acid reacts with an alcohol to form an ester is called

Type of organic reaction used to make soap

Type of the chemical reaction where two elements (substances) combine to make one compound.

Type of chemical reaction where one compound breaks down to form two separate elements (substances).

Type of chemical reaction where 1 element reacts with 1 compound by switching places with an element in the compound.

Type of chemical reaction where two compounds react and both metal elements and nonmetal elements switch places.

What does the word conservation (conserve) mean?

Molecular formulas are used to show

Structural formulas are used to represent

All chemical reactions must follow the law of

A chemical formula (compound) that has been simplified to its most simple form is called an

Charge shown for an element that is going through reduction or oxidation. (Found in top right corner on periodic table).

GER

In a REDOX reaction the number of electrons lost must ALWAYS be ______________ to the number gained

LEO

An Ox

RED CAT

Type of cell that turns chemical energy into electrical energy. Spontaneous. (Uses a salt bridge, wire, two beakers, and a voltmeter)

Type of cell that turns electrical energy into chemical energy. Not Spontaneous. Needs a battery (external power source) to work.

In what direction to electrons always flow?

In order for a reaction to start particles must collide with proper

What happens to the number of collisions and reaction rates if temperature, concentration, and surface area are increased?

At equilibrium concentrations must be __________ and reaction rates must be ______________

What does neutral mean

What does the word orientation mean?

What does it mean for a metallic bond to have a mobile sea of electrons?

BARF

amount of OH^- = H⁺ , pH = 7

Metal bonded to OH, pH greater than 7

Compound starts with H, pH less than 7

Substance that dissolves to form ions, able to conduct electricity, (Ex: Acids, Bases, Salts (ABS))

Measures disorganization (randomness) of a substance

When a substance is able to dissolve

when a substance cannot dissolve

solid that is being dissolved in a liquid

liquid that is doing the dissolving in a mixture

Temperature when a substance turns from a liquid to a gas

Temperature when a substance turns from a solid to a liquid

Temperature when a substance turns from a liquid to a solid

Temperature when a substance turns from a gas to a liquid

Conditions Universe Favors

Element's attraction for electrons in a bond

Strong intermolecular force that only forms between H and F, O, or N

Left over solid that does not dissolve

substance used to tell is a liquid is an acid or a base based on its pH

Name for OH^-

Conditions needed for an Ideal Gas

When the maximum amount of solute is dissolved in a solvent (liquid)

When less then the maximum amount of solute is dissolved in a solvent (liquid)

When more then the maximum amount of solute is dissolved in a solvent (liquid)

Measures the amount of a substance

Name for H₃O⁺

Measured by the amount of space (distance) there is between particles

Measured by Temperature. Effects motion of particles

When a bond has two of the same elements with no electronegativity difference (Ex: H-H)

When a bond has two different elements with an electronegativity difference (Ex: H-Cl)

Measures the concentration of an acid or a base

Reaction where an Acid mixes with a Base to make water and a salt

Classification for a molecular that is asymmetrical and has an unequal charge distribution

Classification for a molecular that is symmetrical and has an equal charge distribution

Alternate Acid Base Theory (BAAD)

"like dissolves like" means that

What must be true for two gas samples to have the same number of molecules?

Lab process used to determine the unknown concentration of an acid or a base using a known volume