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WorksheetsAP Psych Review May 2021
Total questions: 134
Worksheet time: 45mins
Which perspective says our unconscious drives, such as neurotic needs or birth order, shape behavior?
sociocultural
psychodynamic
behavioral
humanistic
Identify the perspective - Professor A is interested in studying the different attitudes about the elderly among North American and Japanese adults. Dr. A has found that the Japanese show more respect and responsibility toward elderly parents, and wished to understand the cultural norms that contribute to these attitudes.
Psychodynamic
Behavioral/Learning
Cognitive
Social-Cultural
Identify the perspective - Professor B studies the attentional processes involved when
people search for specified objects by measuring the amounts of blood flow to various portions of the brain while a participant engages in a letter detection task.
Psychanalytic
Behavioral/Learning
Cognitive
Biological
Learned helplessness is most likely to result when....
Responses have no effect on the environment
Young organisms fail to imprint at the critical period
A response is reinforced independently
Reinforcement occurs on an intermittent schedule
An organism receives negative reinforcement
After seeing her parents give her brother a dollar for cleaning his room, Sarah begins cleaning her own room. What would a social-learning theorist say is occurring?
Classical conditioning
Spontaneous recovery
Stimulus generalization
Discrimination training
Observational learning
BF Skinner's claim that the environment determines an individual's behavior was criticized for...
failing to explain how personality changes over time
Failing to acknowledge cognitive influences on behavior
Failing to acknowledge situational factors
Attributing behavior solely to genetics
Emphasizing unconscious influences on behavior
In a classic study, a group of rats learned to run through a maze to obtain food, and another group of rats explored the maze without receiving good. Some time later, the researcher compared the two groups of rats to determine if both groups would find the food at the end of the maze. According to the researcher, the untrained rats found the food at the end of the maze as quickly as the trained rats as a result of
latent learning
observational learning
avoidance learning
counter-conditioning
aversive conditioning
A monkey is conditioned to flinch at the sound of a bell that was previously paired with a puff of air to the monkey's cheek. Which of the following explanations would be most consistent to a cognitive interpretation of this conditioning?
The animal cannot control its tendency to flinch because it is a reflex
The strength of the flinch is a function of the time interval between the onset of the bell and the air puff
The monkey interprets the bell as a signal that the air puff will follow
the bell is merely a stimulus substitute for the air puff
Monkeys are intelligent and know that they should flinch when they hear tones
When a conditioned stimulus is presented without the unconditioned stimulus, a resulting decrease in the conditioned response is called
Acquisition
Incremental learning
Discrimination
Extinction
Generalization
Which of the following statements best describes the role of biological processes in classical conditioning?
A biologically-based unconditioned stimulus must immediately follow a conditioned stimulus in order for learning to occur
Any novel (new) or familiar stimulus could serve as a conditioned stimulus because the biological mechanisms underlying learning are very powerful
Because all animals share a common cellular history, the laws of classical conditioning apply to all species
Certain species are biologically predisposed to learn particular associations that enhance their survival
Biological reinforcers foster learning more quickly than do environmental reinforcers
A two-year old child is frightened by a small dog. A few weeks later the same child sees a cat and becomes frightened. The child's reaction is most likely an example of which of the following?
Stimulus discrimination
Second-order conditioning
Stimulus generalization
Sensory preconditioning
Spontaneous recovery
The need for an increased amount of a drug to achieve the same effect as before is called
Tolerance
Withdrawal
Hallucinogen
Depressant
A reservoir of feelings, thoughts, urges, and memories (often unacceptable or unwanted) that are outside of our awareness but affect our behavior:
Unconscious
Conscious
Personality
Preconscious
Stage 3 sleep disorder that may cause you to wake up screaming or sweating.
Night Terrors
Sleepwalking
Insomnia
Giant clowns looking for birthday parties
Sleep disorder in which a person has trouble breathing while asleep
Insomnia
Narcolepsy
Sleep paralysis
Sleep apnea
What type of brain waves are evident in a person's brain when they are in Deep sleep?
Alpha
Beta
Theta
Delta
None of the above
What type of brain waves are evident in a person's brain when they are relaxed?
Alpha
Beta
Theta
Delta
None of the above
What stage of sleep are we in when we are most likely to remember our dreams?
1
2
3
4
REM
What stage of sleep increases in length as we sleep throughout the night?
1
2
3
4
REM
What stage of sleep are we most likely in when we have a nightmare?
1
2
3
4
REM
What stage of sleep are we most likely to sleep walk in?
1
2
3
4
REM
During what stage of sleep are we physically paralyzed ?
1
2
3
4
REM
What two stages of sleep does our body need to recharge? ?
1
2
3
4
REM
What category of drug is the essential oil lavender?
Stimulant
Hallucinogen
Depressant
None of the above
All of the above
Receptor cell that helps us see in low light and aids in peripheral vision.
Cones
Retina
Rods
Fovea
Receptor cell that allows us to see in color in the daytime.
Fovea
Lens
Rods
Cones
Receives light, then converts that light into neural signals that will be sent to the Central Nervous System.
Rods
Optic Nerve
Retina
Lens
Transmits visual information in the form of electrical impulses to the Central Nervous System
Retina
Fovea
Optic Nerve
Lens
Focuses light that will be projected onto the back of the eye.
Lens
Cornea
Retina
Optic Nerve
Cone function:
Protective layer that allows light into the eye
Transmits visual information in the form of electrical impulses to the Central Nervous System
Receptor cell that allows us to see color in the daytime
Receptor cell that helps us see in low light and aids in peripheral vision
These are the three bones of the middle ear that vibrate and send signals to the inner ear"
Cochlea, cochlear nerve, vestibular nerve
Malleus, Tympani, Incus
Hammer, anvil, stirrup
Pinna, Semicircular Canals, Stapes
Snail- shaped part of the ear that contains the cilia which converts sound into neural signals:
Semicircular canals
Middle Ear
Cochlea
Vestibular nerve
an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the structural elements of the human mind
Functionalism
Behaviorism
Empiricism
Structuralism
a method of self-observation in which participants report their thoughts and feelings
Natural Selection
Empiricism
Behaviorism
Introspection
the view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologists today agree with (1) but not with (2)
Nature-Nurture Issue
Natural Selection
Behaviorism
Empiricism
Inferential Statistics
Statistical analysis of two or more sets of numerical data to reduce the possibility of error in measurement and to determine if the differences between the data sets are greater than chance variation would predict
A number that represents the strength and direction of a relationship existing between two variables
A distribution of scores in which scores are concentrated in the low end of the distribution
A distribution of scores in which scores are concentrated in the high end of the distribution
Statistically Significant
Referring to differences in data sets that are larger than chance variation would predict
A number that represents the strength and direction of a relationship existing between two variables
Correlation Coefficient
A number that represents the strength and direction of a relationship existing between two variables
Referring to differences in data sets that are larger than chance variation would predict
Positively Skewed
A distribution of scores in which scores are concentrated in the low end of the distribution
A distribution of scores in which scores are concentrated in the high end of the distribution
Normal Distribution/Curve
A special frequency polygon, shaped like a bell, in which the scores are symmetrically distributed around the mean, and the mean, median, and mode are all located on the same point on the curve with scores decreasing as the curve extends from the mean
A distribution of scores in which scores are concentrated in the high end of the distribution
A distribution of scores in which scores are concentrated in the low end of the distribution
Outliers
Extreme values in a set of data that may throw off the accuracy of the data set as a whole
Referring to differences in data sets that are larger than chance variation would predict
The square root of the average squared deviations from the mean of scores in a distribution; a measure of variability
A number that represents the strength and direction of a relationship existing between two variables
Scatterplot
These are the goals of psychology except
To describe
To explain
To Learn
To Predict
An extreme fear of being in an open, public place is called what?
Acrophobia
Claustrophobia
Monophobia
Agoraphobia
Which is NOT a type of anxiety disorder?
Obsessives-Compulsive
Panic
Post-traumatic
Somatoform
Which disorder is characterized by an inability to establish meaningful relationships, assuming social responsibilities and treating people as objects?
Major Depressive Disorder
SAD
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Avoidant Personality Disorder
Which dissociative disorder is described as a person lacking the ability to recall important personal events due to a stressful event?
DID
Fugue
Amnesia
Conversion
Jonathan is afraid to ask a girl for a date, so this therapist instructs him to relax and simply imagine he is reaching for a telephone and then calling a potential date. The therapist's technique best illustrates the process of
free association.
cognitive therapy.
aversive conditioning.
systematic desensitization.
To treat nail biting, one can paint a patient's fingernails with a bitter-tasting nail polish. This procedure best illustrates
light exposure therapy.
stress inoculation training.
aversive conditioning.
systematic desensitization.
Dr. Jackson reinforces depressed patients for their participation in pleasant activities and trains them to take increasingly more credit for the rewards they gain from engaging in those activities. Dr. Jackson's treatment approach best illustrates
exposure therapy.
client-centered therapy.
psychodynamic therapy.
cognitive-behavior therapy.
Which type of therapy focuses on eliminating irrational thinking?
EDMR
client-centered therapy
cognitive therapy
behavior therapy
Treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorder
Mood-stabilizing medication
Antidepressant medication
Antianxiety medication
Antipsychotic medication
When we overestimate how much other people share our beliefs and behaviors, we are engaging in ___________________
free association
Ignorance of one incompetence phenomenon
inferiority complex
false consensus effect
________________ refers to the interacting influences between personality and environmental factors
Self-serving Bias
Self actualization
Reciprocal Determinism
Self-actualization
Learned helplessness is term coined by
Maslow
Seligman
Lazarus
Skinner
Collective unconsciousness and archetypes are terms related to _________________
Adler
Freud
Horney
Jung
Unconsciousness and inferiority complex are terms related to ____________________________
Freud
Horney
Adler
Jung
What is the smallest form of language that can carry meaning?
Phoneme
Morpheme
Grammar
Babbling
Critical Periods Hypothesis
The rock musician was hit with a rotten egg while performing his latest hit song. The fact that you can recognize two different meanings for the word “hit” in the preceding sentence demonstrates the importance of
syntax.
semantics.
morphemes.
prototypes.
linguistic determinism.
Which brain area controls the expression of language?
Broca’s area
Wernicke’s area
Temporal lobe
Auditory cortex
