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Reach for the Stars SciOly 2024

Total questions: 115

Worksheet time: 2hrs 21mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Identify.

a)

Lyra

b)

Orion

c)

Crux

d)

Cygnus

2.

What is the brightest star in Cygnus?

a)

Algol

b)

Deneb

c)

Arcturus

d)

Capella

3.

Stars (Mainly) consist of _________ & ______________.

a)

Hydrogen

b)

Copper

c)

Helium

d)

Nickel

e)

Rock

4.

The electromagnetic waves with the longest wavelengths and lowest frequencies are called

a)

Microwaves

b)

Infrared

c)

Radio Waves

d)

Visible Light

5.

The electromagnetic waves with the higher frequencies than radio waves but lower than infrared are called

a)

Microwaves

b)

Infrared

c)

Radio Waves

d)

Visible Light

6.

Electromagnetic waves of frequencies lower than gamma rays, but higher than ultraviolet

a)

Ultraviolet

b)

X-Ray

c)

Radio Waves

d)

Visible Light

7.

Electromagnetic waves with the shortest wavelengths and highest frequencies

a)

Ultraviolet

b)

X-Ray

c)

Gamma Rays

d)

Visible Light

8.

What is the entire range of electromagnetic waves called?

a)

Emission Spectrum

b)

Absorption Spectrum

c)

Continuous Spectrum

d)

Electromagnetic Spectrum

9.
Absolute magnitude is defined as...
a)
the brightness of an object in space, measured as if you’re 10 parsecs away from the object.
b)
Total energy emitted by a space object per unit time.
c)
the brightness of an object in space, as it appears from Earth
d)
the color of an object in space, described on a number scale.
10.
If an object has a luminosity of 7.5, this means...
a)
the object is 7.5 times brighter than the sun.
b)
the object is 7.5% brighter than the sun
c)
the object has a redder color than the sun.
d)
the object is 7.5 times smaller than the sun.
11.
Spectral class is a way of describing a star’s
a)
size
b)
luminosity
c)
age
d)
color
12.

Which is the correct order for spectral classes?

a)

O, B, A, F, G, K, M

b)

M, K, G, F, A, B, O

c)

A, B, F, O, M, K, G

d)

B, F, O, G, K, A, M

13.

The temperature of the star is measured in what?

a)

Fahrenheit

b)

Celcius

c)

Kelvin

d)

Kilometers

e)

Newtons

14.

What is the correct formula to calculate the luminosity of a star?

a)

L=4πR2 σT

b)

L=4πR2 σT4

c)

L=4πR σT4

d)

L=4πR2 σT6

15.

"The rule states that the power intensity per unit area from a point source, if the rays strike the surface at a right angle, varies inversely according to the square of the distance from the source". This statement is the definition for which law?

a)

Wein's Law

b)

Stefan-Boltzmann Law

c)

Inverse Square Law

d)

None of the above

16.

The formula that relates the temperature of a blackbody to the wavelength at which it emits the greatest intensity of radiation is called?

a)

Wein's Law

b)

Stefan-Boltzmann Law

c)

Inverse Square Law

d)

None of the above

17.

A discrete unit (or “packet”) of electromagnetic energy is called a?

a)

Proton

b)

Electron

c)

Photon

d)

Magnetron

18.

Which best describes the Sun?

a)

small, blue star

b)

large, red star

c)

medium, yellow star

d)

large, yellow star

19.

Brightness of a star as seen from Earth.

a)

paraliax

b)

apparent magnitude

c)

absolute magnitude

d)

spectrum

20.
What color of star is the hottest?
a)
Blue
b)
Red
c)
Yellow
d)
Orange
21.
After the main sequence, a low mass star becomes a
a)
black dwarf
b)
protostar
c)
red giant
d)
supergiant
22.
Scientists use spectra from stars to determine...
a)
the temperature of a star.
b)
the composition of a star.
c)
the star's distance from Earth.
d)
the star's movement.
23.

Most stars are identified as ___________ on an H-R Diagram?

a)

Supergiants

b)

Giants

c)

Main Sequence

d)

White Dwarf

24.

What determines if a star becomes a giant or a supergiant?

a)

star mass

b)

star temperature

c)

star color

d)

star luminosity

25.
Red stars are the _____________.
a)
hottest
b)
coolest
c)
biggest
d)
brightest
26.
Which star has the lowest temperature?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
27.

Which spectral class does our Sun belong to?

a)

M

b)

K

c)

G

d)

F

28.

Which is an example of a Red Supergiant star?

a)

Betelgeuse

b)

Castor

c)

Sirius B

d)

Polaris

29.
Which of these shows an average star's life cycle in the correct order?
a)
protostar>
main sequence>
red giant >
white dwarf>black dwarfs
b)
protostar> 
main sequence> 
white dwarf> 
red giant
c)
main sequence> 
protostar> 
white dwarf> 
red giant
d)
protostar> 
red giant >
main sequence> 
white dwarf
30.

Which star is considered a giant star?

a)

Mira

b)

Zeta Arindani

c)

Barnard's Star

d)

Betelgeuse

31.

Which star is considered a supergiant?

a)

Sirius B

b)

Sun

c)

Betelgeuse

d)

Van Maanan's Star

32.

Which star is considered a dwarf star?

a)

Altair

b)

Procyon B

c)

Deneb

d)

Sirius

33.

Identify

(a)  

34.

Identify

(a)  

35.

Identify

(a)  

36.

Stars are 96% - 99% ____ and ___.

a)

gas, dust

b)

helium, hydrogen

c)

hydrogen, helium

d)

hydrogen, carbon

37.

When the sun becomes a ____ it will start fusing helium into carbon.

a)

white dwarf

b)

red dwarf

c)

supergiant

d)

red giant

38.

Sun-like stars shed their outer layers as they age, forming:

a)

planetary nebulae

b)

pulsars

c)

red dwarfs

d)

red giants

39.

The core left after a sun-like star sheds its outer layers is no longer fusing anything. It is a _____.

a)

pulsar

b)

red giant

c)

white dwarf

d)

supernova

40.

When does a supernova occur?

a)

In the initial flash when a star starts burning Hydrogen

b)

When the pressure of the core overcomes the gravitational pressures generated by the density of the star and the heat of the core creates a black hole.

c)

At the end of main sequence prior to becoming a red giant.

d)

When the pressure of the core overcomes the gravitational pressures generated by the density of the star and the heat of the core pushes the stars energy out into space in a fantastic explosion.

41.

The life of a star starts

a)

as a white dwarf.

b)

with a Big Bang.

c)

in a stellar nebula.

d)

from ionized carbon.

42.

What is a Red Giant?

a)

A massive star that is much cooler in temperature than main sequence stars

b)

A massive star that is much hotter in temperature than main sequence stars

c)

A newly formed star consisting of heavier elements.

d)

A star that has just entered the main sequence of it's life.

43.

What is hydro-static equilibrium?

a)

It is the pressure that causes a protostar to form.

b)

It is the pressure that the stars magnetic fields exert upon it.

c)

It is the balance that is created between gravity and the core pressure than enables the star to blast into a supernova

d)

It is the balance that is created between gravity and the core pressure than enables the star to stay formed.

44.

What are the two most important properties that we measure in a star?

a)

Color and galactic placement

b)

Location to other stars and Brightness

c)

Color and Brightness

d)

Brightness and density

45.

Our sun is

a)

a protostar.

b)

a yellow dwarf.

c)

a main sequence star.

d)

a white dwarf.

46.

The color of a star reveals to us it's

a)

temperature

b)

size

47.

A star that emits light in the blue spectrum indicates the star is

a)

relatively hot in comparison to other stars.

b)

relatively cool in comparison to other stars.

c)

not relevant in measuring the temperature of a star.

d)

All of the above

48.

Red light emitted from a star signifies that the star is

a)

relatively hot in comparison to other stars.

b)

relatively cool in comparison to other stars.

c)

very dense.

d)

all of the above.

49.

How old is our own sun?

a)

100,000,000 yrs.

b)

5 billion yrs.

c)

100 billion yrs.

d)

10 billion yrs.

50.

What is a variable star?

a)

A star whose luminosity remains constant.

b)

A star whose color remains constant.

c)

A star whose luminosity changes over time.

d)

A star whose luminosity stays fairly dim through the stages of it's life.

51.

What is a Cepheid star?

a)

A star that pulsates at an unpredictable rate at which we can measure.

b)

A star that pulsates at a predictable rate at which we can not measure.

c)

A star that pulsates at a predictable rate allowing us to measure it's mass.

d)

A star that pulsates at a predictable rate at which we can measure.

52.

How do we estimate the mass of stars?

a)

By measuring its diameter

b)

By measuring the temperature and luminosity.

c)

By predicting conditions in the core of the star

d)

By determining the stage of life the star is in.

53.
The effective temperature of a star is related to its...
a)
solar system
b)
luminosity
c)
absolute magnitude
d)
color
54.
In which region of the H-R Diagram would you be likely to find stars fusing hydrogen to make helium in their cores?
a)
W
b)
X
c)
Y
d)
The orange dashed line
55.
A Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) diagram shows the relationship between ____. 
a)
Luminosity and parallax
b)
parallax and temperature
c)
Luminosity and apparent magnitude
d)
temperature and Luminosity 
56.
About 90 percent of stars on the H-R diagram are ____ stars.
a)
red giant
b)
main sequence
c)
luminosity
d)
supergiants
57.
Spectral class is a way of describing a star’s
a)
size
b)
luminosity
c)
age
d)
color
58.
Compared to the rest of the stars, our sun is considered...
a)
Extremely Large and Cold
b)
Small with a medium temperature
c)
Medium size with medium temperature
59.
Which star has the lowest temperature?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
60.
Which is not a property of stars
a)
Luminosity
b)
Color
c)
Mass
d)
Distance
61.
Using the HR Diagram: Which star emits the most light?
a)
Rigel
b)
Sirius
c)
The Sun
d)
Alpha Centauri B
62.

The H-R diagram shows which two things on its axis? Choose two.

a)

Luminosity

b)

Size

c)

Temperature

d)

Mass

63.

Hydrostatic equilibrium is established when the inward gravitational force is balanced by the outward ___________ from nuclear fusion.

a)

pressure

b)

temperature

c)

electrostatics

d)

kinetic energy

e)

density

64.

A star that has 10 times the mass of the Sun will most closely live

a)

more than 10 times longer than the Sun

b)

about 10 times longer than the Sun

c)

about the same amount of time as the Sun

d)

1/10th as long as the Sun

e)

Less than 1/10th as long as the Sun

65.

"The total energy radiated from a blackbody is proportional to the fourth power of its temperature" Which law is stated by this statement?

a)

Wein's law

b)

Stefan-Boltzmann Law

c)

All of the above

d)

None of the above

66.
Which measurements allows astronomers to compare the brightness of stars?
a)
parallax
b)
red shift
c)
absolute magnitude
d)
apparent magnitude
67.

Identify

(a)  

68.

Identify

(a)  

69.

Identify

(a)  

70.

Identify

(a)  

71.

Identify

(a)  

72.

Identify

(a)  

73.

Identify

(a)  

74.

Identify

(a)  

75.

Identify

(a)  

76.

Identify

(a)  

77.

Identify.

a)

Aquila

b)

Cygnus

c)

Crux

d)

Dorado

78.

What is the brightest star in Aquila?

a)

Spica

b)

Vega

c)

Altair

d)

Sirius

79.

What is the brightest star in Canis Major?

a)

Sirius

b)

Mizar

c)

Polaris

d)

Algol

80.

Identify

(a)  

81.

Identify

(a)  

82.

Identify

(a)  

83.

Identify

(a)  

84.

Identify

(a)  

85.

Identify

(a)  

86.

Identify

(a)  

87.

Identify

(a)  

88.

Identify

(a)  

89.

Identify

(a)  

90.

Identify

(a)  

91.

Identify

(a)  

92.

Term for "new star" that occurs in mass-transfer binary and/or white dwarf companion stars.

a)

supernova

b)

stella nova

c)

pulsar

d)

neutron star

93.

As material is added to the accretion disk, _____ may reach a temporary fusion point.

a)

pressures

b)

electron degeneracy

c)

temperatures

d)

matter

94.

A supernova occurs when a _____ star runs out of fuel (or overloads) and explodes.

a)

sun-like

b)

single

c)

massive

d)

double

95.

A ____ star with a mass of 1.4 suns may go supernova (I) if too much material accretes.

a)

white dwarf

b)

red dwarf

c)

red giant

d)

neutron

96.

Type II supernovae occur when a star with at least ____ times the mass of our sun explodes.

a)

1.4

b)

1.5

c)

3

d)

8

97.

Type II supernovae explosions may leave behind a

a)

neutron star

b)

black hole

c)

pulsar

d)

white dwarf

98.

Neutron stars are formed when gravity squeezes electrons & _____ into neutrons in a supernova.

a)

protons

b)

isotopes

c)

quarks

d)

matter

99.

Neutron stars are between 1.4 - 3.2 solar masses and are compacted into an area

a)

the size of Earth.

b)

about the size of a large country.

c)

the size of the Sun.

d)

about the size of a city.

100.

One teaspoon of neutron star material can weigh more than

a)

Mt. Everest.

b)

a planet.

c)

a star.

d)

a black hole

101.

_____ are rapidly spinning neutron stars that are known as "lighthouses" in space.

a)

Quasars

b)

White dwarfs

c)

Pulsars

d)

Black holes

102.

Millisecond pulsars spin many times per second and have

a)

slowed down a lot over the years.

b)

very strong magnetic fields.

c)

sped up over the years.

d)

very weak magnetic fields.

103.

A black hole will form if the original star has at least _____ solar masses before collapse.

a)

four

b)

six

c)

eight

d)

ten

104.

The "cutoff mass" between a neutron star and a black hole is about ____ solar masses.

a)

1.4

b)

3.2

c)

4.4

d)

6.0

105.

The area or boundary in which nothing can return from a black hole is called

a)

the singularity.

b)

Interstellar.

c)

the path of no return.

d)

the event horizon.

106.

The ____ radius describes the size of the event horizon (which is black hole mass dependent).

a)

Hawking

b)

inner

c)

outer

d)

Schwarzschild

107.

There may be ____ of black holes in our galaxy alone - with Cygnus X-1 being the closest.

a)

billions

b)

millions

c)

hundreds

d)

thousands

108.

Represented by the letter c, this is the speed limit of the universe, written out as a number.

a)

6.67x10-11 m3/kgs2

b)

3x108 m/s

c)

1240 eVnm

d)

3.14159...

109.

The distance between the center of a black hole and its event horizon is called the...

a)

Schwarzschild radius.

b)

Newton circumference.

c)

Einstein tangent.

d)

Dirac bisector.

110.

What is the escape velocity at the event horizon of a black hole?

a)

the speed of light

b)

7 miles per second

c)

343 m/s

d)

it depends on the mass of the black hole

111.

What is synthesized in a supernova that cannot be created during the normal life of a star?

a)

Carbon

b)

Helium

c)

Hydrogen

d)

Elements heavier than iron

112.

What phenomenon allows black holes to emit radiation, according to Stephen Hawking?

a)

Quantum tunneling

b)

Quantum fluctuation

c)


Photon emission

d)

Nuclear fusion

113.

What evidence supports the existence of supermassive black holes in galaxies?

a)

Observation of high-energy gamma rays

b)

Measurements of high temperatures in galactic centers

c)

Detection of large star clusters moving rapidly around a central region

d)

Direct imaging of black holes

114.

What is at the center of a quasar?

a)

A neutron star

b)

A large star cluster

c)

A white dwarf

d)

A supermassive black hole

115.

What type of star is our sun classified as?

a)


Red giant

b)


White dwarf

c)


Neutron star

d)

Yellow main-sequence star

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